HUM 115 critical thinking chapt 11
The gambler's fallacy is the mistaken belief that:
a past event can have an impact on a current random event
Which of the following has nothing to do with individual preferences?
a priori value
Which of the following is NOT an indicator word or phrase for an inductive argument:
certainly
A poll in which the person taking the poll and the person responding have no information about each other is called
double-blind
An inductive argument in which the reasoning is strong is called a valid argument.
false
Most statistical arguments are deductive, but some are inductive.
false
The following argument is an inductive generalization: Most Wexford College juniors participate in the year-abroad program. Tess is a Wexford College junior. So, Tess probably participates in the Wexford College year-abroad program.
false
The gambler's fallacy is committed when people believe that all lotteries are rigged.
false
A __________ is a statement made about all or most members of a group
generalization
Which of the following is an indicator word or phrase for an inductive argument:
likely
Which of the following is not a common type of inductive argument?
mathematical argument
Which of the following is an example of epistemic probability?
none of the above
The group to which our statistics apply is the
reference class
A(n) __________ argument argues from premises regarding a percentage of a population to a conclusion about an individual member of that population or some part of that population.
statistical
Inductive arguments that are well reasoned and are such that a reasonable person would act or bet on them are said to be
strong and reliable
Which of the following is an example of a priori probability?
the chances of the number 28 coming in on a roulette wheel
Which of the following is an example of epistemic probability?
there is a good chance I'll see friends this weekend.
An inductive argument is strong when its premises are relevant to the conclusion and the conclusion is true
False
Correlation is the same as causation.
False
An inductive argument can never guarantee the truth of its conclusion.
True
An inductive argument in which the reasoning is strong and the premises are true is called a cogent argument.
True
Arguments from analogy are commonly used in legal reasoning
True
Causal arguments are typically inductive rather than deductive
True
It's generally easier to show that something couldn't be the cause of a certain effect than it is to prove that it is.
True
No cogent argument has a false premise
True
Sometimes correlation is the result of mere coincidence.
True
Which of the following is NOT a question we must ask in evaluating the cogency of an inductive generalization?
Do the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion?
"There is a 1 in 13 chance of drawing an ace from a deck of 52 cards" is an example of relative frequency probability.
False
A weak inductive argument proves that its conclusion is false.
False
All inductive arguments move from general premises to a more specific conclusion.
False
A statistical argument argues from premises regarding a percentage of a population to a conclusion about an individual member of that population or some part of that population.
True
