HUM2020 Final Exam

What Roman building served as a setting for great public entertainment—gladiatorial combats and slaughters of animals?

Flavian Amphitheater

Which two artists are most closely associated with the rococo style in art?

Francois Boucher and Fragonard

The best known architect of the 20th century, he invented the "prairie style" house:

Frank Lloyd Wright

Why did it take some time for Don Quixote to be recognized as an important literary work?

It took some time before Don Quixote was recognized as an important literary work because, in that period of established and well defined literary genres like the epic, tragedy, and pastoral romance, the unconventional combination of those elements in Don Quixote resulted in a work of considerable novelty, with the serious aspects hidden under a mocking surface.

This musical genius was one of the most important in the Protestant German world:

J.S. Bach

This beat generation writer published On The Road:

Jack Kerouac

Napoleon offered this painter of the Oath of the Horatii the position of First Painter of the Empire:

Jacques-Louis David

How did the carver of the Metropolitan casket visually echo/parallel the scene of Aristotle and the Maiden with the scene of Pyramus and Thisbe?

The carver of the Metropolitan casket visually echoes the scene of Aristotle and the Maiden with the scene of Pyramus and Thisbe in several ways. First, both Aristotle and the lion are depicted down on all fours with flowing "manes" and curly "tails". Aristotle's lower body is also similar to Pyramus' in the scene of the suicides. In the center compartment, both Alexander and Thisbe appear in the top half, lean to the left, raise their right hands, and with their left hands grasp a nearby support.

What does the article state was the intent of putting Peckham Rock on display in the British Museum?

The article states that the intent of putting Peckham Rock on display at the British Museum was to poke fun at the consumption habits of modern Britain, promote the work and name of an artist, assert the artistic and historical value of work of this type, and berate the purveyors and enforcers of 'zero-tolerance' urban policy.

How was the artwork sent by Raphael the perfect gift for Dürer at that particular time?

The artwork sent to Durer by Raphael was the perfect gift at that particular time because in the 1510s the Nuremberg master was immersed in his theoretical studies of the human body and its proportions.

What confession does Roderick make to the narrator during the final storm?

The confession that Roderick makes to the narrator during the final storm is that he buried Madeline alive.

Jazz developed in the bars, dance halls, and brothels of:

New Orleans

When published in 1493 the ___________________________ was the most elaborate printed book ever made. The world history included 1809 woodcuts.

Nuremberg Chronicle

Which structure is an example of the basilica-style church, adapting the rectangular spaciousness of Roman law courts to the needs of Christian worship?

Old St. Peter's, Rome

What references was Banksy making by choosing to call the work "Peckham" Rock?

Two characters on the sitcom Only fools and horses attempted to sell water from a cracked water pipe as 'Peckham Spring' water. Banksy's Peckham Rock seems to derive from this hoax, in that Peckham 'rock' is actually concrete passed-off as a rock.

____________ opened a portrait studio and took photos of Paris from his not air balloon:

nadar

The painted limestone Seated Scribe is more ______________ and less formal than the seated Khafre statue.

naturalistic

The central aisle in a basilica-plan church is known as the:

nave

What art movement were the founding fathers of the United States most interested in?:

neoclassicism

Where would one find a carved scene of Christ at the Last Judgment judging the righteous and sinful?

on the tympanum of a Romanesque church

Peckham Rock was displayed at the _______________________________shortly after it was removed from the wall of the British Museum.

outside institute

This exiled Roman poet wrote the Art of Love as well as The Metamorphoses:

ovid

Which was a Roman building that employed a central dome with an oculus?

pantheon

A princess's musical education was intended not only to make her a performer but also to prepare her for a role as a ____________________________, by giving her the knowledge by which to judge the performances of others.

patroness of musicians

The buildings on the Athenian Acropolis replace temples destroyed by the ________________ when they invaded Greece.

persians

____________________'s return to original sources shed light on textual discrepancies long buried by church authorities.

petrarch

This Roman wrote the Satyricon and advised Emperor Nero on matters of elegance:

petronius

What did Dürer add to his drawings that was unusual at the time?

Durer monogrammed and dated his drawings which was highly unusual in Germany at the time.

How was Dürer's collecting a means of self-definition as a peer of other artists?

Durer's collecting was a means of self-definition as a peer of other artists because through his inscriptions and certainly other now-lost drawings, Durer defined his connections, or his artistic lineage, with several major masters.

Which of these figures was most influential in the development of the codes and customs of courtly love?

Eleanor of Aquitaine

This friend of Manet published Germinal about the lives of coal miners:

Emile Zola

Describe the political and military system known as feudalism. What did each side of the arrangement provide to the other?

Feudalism was a political and military system between a feudal aristocrat (a lord or liege), and his vassals. This system flourished between the ninth and fifteenth century. A lord granted land, or a fief and usually a castle to his vassals and in exchange for the fief, the vassal would provide military service to the lord. Before a lord could grant land to someone, he had to make them a vassal which was done at a formal and symbolic ceremony called a commendation ceremony. It was composed of the two-part act of homage and oath of fealty. During homage, the lord and vassal entered a contract in which the vassal promised to fight for the lord at his command.

These Gothic plays depicted the struggle between vices and virtues over a sinner's soul (ex. Everyman):

morality plays

The Roman poet __________ was the first to describe the love story of Pyramus and Thisbe.

ovid

The humanities often use critical thinking to probe the unquantifiable with regard to human experience.

true

Albrecht Dürer was wealthy when he died.

true

In book 3 of The Republic, Plato suggests that political communities could be kept under control/ordered by controlling the music.

true

In post-graffiti, the "tag" is increasingly being replaced by "street logos".

true

Lorenzo Valla compared the Donation of Constantine to contemporaneous Roman law and showed that the document was inconsistent with 4th century Latin.

true

Myths often explain nature/the unknown and are grounded in observed experience.

true

Las Meninas was painted by:

Diego Velázquez

The Old Man and the Sea was written by:

Ernst Hemingway

Christo and Jeanne-Claude are famous for what type of art:

Site-Specific Art

_______________ are naturalistic renderings of well-known tourist attractions:

vedute

The 230 ft. long Bayeux Tapestry depicts the conquest of England by:

william the cinqueror

What opinion of Roderick's becomes known to the narrator as a result of discussion of the ballad (The Haunted Palace)?

"This opinion, in its general form, was that of the sentience of all vegetable things."

This experimental art college was founded in 1933 in North Carolina:

black mountain college

match

Daniel Defoe-wrote one of the first great English novels Diderot-edited the Encyclopedia Rousseau-political philosopher; wrote Emile Herman Melville-wrote a novel wherein Captain Ahab hunts a white whale to whom he has lost his leg

How did music help to maintain Elizabeth's illusion of eternal youth?

As music was associated particularly with young, unmarried women, it also had a role in maintaining Elizabeth's illusion of eternal youth as she aged. Elizabeth continued her performances into old age.

The article mentions a number of significant figures (you should always lookup names you are not familiar with). Match the individual with their accomplishment.

1. Newton- laws of motion 2. cicero- one of romes greatest orators 3. Sophocles-wrote Ajax and Antigone 4. Fyodor Dostoyevsky-wrote Crime and Punishment 5. Derrida-developed deconstruction 6. Plato-wrote The Republic

What two striking assumptions does "The Two Cultures" make about the sciences?

1. Snow assumes that the sciences offer tangible benefits to society and that scientists and engineers do their research with these benefits in mind, even in the case of the most theoretical branches of science. 2. Snow assumes the general public understands that the sciences have a clear social purpose, especially in the case of biology, medicine, and mechanics.

Discuss two crises of the fourteenth century in Europe. How did these events affect the population of Western Europe?

1. The "Little Ice Age"- occurred in 1316 and 1317, a climate change caused a drop in temperature which resulted in crop failure while a famine also occurred so these two unfortunate events took a toll on the population. 2. The Black Death- or the Bubonic Plague, came from flea infested rats that came off of four ships from the Black Sea, killing between 1/3 and 1/2 of the total population in Europe.

What are the four steps of the critical thinking process?

1. asking questions 2. gathering data, evidence and information 3. make an interpretation 4. compare our reading

The Confederate States of America included _______ states:

11

The "Age of Enlightenment" is a moniker for which century:

18th

When did the stock market crash and usher in The Great Depression:

1929

The ____________ were a decade of protest and social justice in the United States.

1960s

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

1989

How long was Peckham Rock at the British Museum before it was discovered?

3 days

What age was Bertha when the protagonist states that their "situation became intolerable":?

50

How many complete French Gothic ivory caskets still exist today?

8

What is a studiolo and how were they used during the Renaissance?

A studiolo was known as a study, or a room for private conversation (You did not have to be an artist to have a studiolo and it was not used for painting). A studiolo was also known as a room to place collections of fine books and art objects, often lavishly decorated, dedicated to reading, studying and writing. It is generally of a relatively private character.

What is a religious icon? Discuss the Byzantine Iconoclasm in a short paragraph. What were the two sides of the Byzantine iconoclasm and how did this event change the course of Byzantine art/religion

A Byzantine icon is a small (often portable) religious image for private devotion of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and/or the Saints. An example of a Byzantine icon is the Vladimir Virgin. The struggle between the iconoclasts (breakers of images) and the iconophiles (lovers of images) is the iconoclasm. The Roman Pope believed that icons should be preserved for the purposes of teaching those without education. However, when nearly two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire's territory was lost, Emperor Leo III believed it was due to God punishing them for the worship of idols or icons. He prohibited the use of icons, leading to a mass destruction of religious images. When the destruction of religious images was finally condemned, thousands of painted icons began to be produced.

Name a novel written by Charles Dickens: ______________________________________

A Christmas Carol is a novel written by Charles Dickens.

What is compilatio and what was its purpose?

A compilation is the grouping of diverse texts in manuscripts around specific themes to make an overarching statement. The purpose is to present a summary of thinking on a given subject in an easily consulted form for activities like lecturing and preaching.

What is a religious icon? Discuss the Byzantine Iconoclasm. What were the two sides of the Byzantine iconoclasm and how did this event change the course of Byzantine art/religion?

A religious icon is a small religious image used for a private devotion. Byzantine Iconoclasm was divided into two groups. These groups were the Iconoclasts, breakers of images and the Iconophiles, lover of images. The Byzantine Empire's territory was lost and their Emperor, Leo III believed it was the gods punishing them for the worship of the icons so he prohibits the use of religious imagery and much of the artwork from this period was destroyed by the Iconoclasts.

Jackson Pollock's action paintings are considered examples of this art movement:

Abstract Expressionism

According to the article, how are the humanities vital to public life?

According to the article, the humanities are vital to public life because they help us imagine the consequences of our actions and give us the tools to make informed policy decisions.

What does the protagonist in The Mortal Immortal do (against Cornelius's wishes) after he is rejected by Bertha for another man?

After the protagonist is rejected by Bertha, he goes against Cornelius's wishes and drinks the liquid after Cornelius specifically told him not to.

This "Father of Modern Science" developed the theory of relativity:

Albert Einstein

This "Leonardo of the North" designed and published art books such as The Apocalypse:

Albrecht Dürer

_____________________________ was the father of modern photography.

Alfred Stieglitz

Pilgrimage was one of the most important phenomena of the Romanesque period. Name a Romanesque pilgrimage destination. What did pilgrims travel on pilgrimage to see? Where were these objects found in the pilgrimage church? How did the plan/construction of the church accommodate the needs of the pilgrims?

An example of a Romanesque pilgrimage destination is Sainte-Foy Church in Conques, France. Pilgrims would travel to see scared shrines and would collect badges at different locations during the duration of the trips. The pilgrimage church increased the length of the nave and doubled the side aisles and basically made a path in order for the pilgrims to view relics in different chapels throughout the church.

Give an example of a composite creature.

An example of a composite creature is a centaur. This is an example of a composite creature because it has both human and animal body parts.

___________________ is famous for his silk-screened images of Marilyn Monroe, Elvis, and Campbell's soup cans.

Andy Warhol

This son of a violinist composed numerous concertos, including The Four Seasons:

Antonio Vivaldi

Short answer: What do archaeologists think the purpose of the Nebra Sky Disk is?

Archaeologists think the purpose of the Nebra Sky Disk was to track the summer and winter solstices in that specific location in Germany, where they believe they were living.

What Athenian playwright wrote Lysistrata (a comedy)?

Aristophanes

There was only one god (monotheism) during the rule of Akhenaton. This god was:

Aton

What did Banksy announce/challenge people to do once Peckham Rock was in place within the British Museum?

Banksy announced/challenged people on his website to a treasure hunt, offering a one-off Banksy painting of a shopping trolley to the first person to return a photograph of themselves standing next to it.

What did Banksy glue to the walls of the Louvre Museum in Paris and to the walls of the MoMA in New York?

Banksy glued an 'acid-faced' Mona Lisa reproduction to the walls of the Louvre Museum in Paris. He also glued a blatant Warhol parody to the walls of the MoMA in New York.

What did Cervantes write before Don Quixote?

Before writing Don Quixote, Cervantes wrote twenty-three plays and a pastoral romance called Galatea.

This Cistercian celebrity was appalled by the ornateness of Benedictine churches and addressed monastic excess in a letter to another monk:

Bernard of Clairvaux

This architect and sculptor designed the piazza in front on the Vatican:

Bernini

Which of these baroque works best realizes the attempt to combine different arts in a single, dramatically unified whole?

Bernini's Cornaro Chapel

How did Boethius distinguish between musical judgment and practical skill in music? Which was more highly regarded?

Boethius distinguished performers with physical skill but little understanding of music and composers who compose song by natural instinct FROM THOSE with the ability to judge music. Those with the ability to judge music were more highly regarded as this required reason and intellect.

__________________'s 1959 article was the starting point for a debate about the lack of exchange between the sciences and the humanities.

C.P. Snow

What attitude does Cervantes seem to have towards his main character?

Cervantes seems to have a negative attitude towards Don Quixote. For example, the narrator never tires of reminding us that the hero is officially insane.

How does Cervantes' friend propose to solve the author's problem of writing a fitting prologue for the work?

Cervantes' friend proposes in order to write a fitting prologue for the work that Cervantes should make sure he includes quotes, citations and adds Latin phrases for it to look more scholarly.

In what ways did Charlemagne's court promote a "culture of the book"? What role did Alcuin of York play in this culture?

Charlemagne's court promoted a "culture of the book" by promoting the arts and learning. Alcuin of York was a scholar and theologian, he provided Christian education for males and supervised a new translation/corrected version of the Latin Vulgate Bible.

The Florentine painter ______________ is considered the last painter of the Middle Ages.

Cimabue

He invented opera with his production of Orfeo:

Claudio Monteverdi

Who was Confucius?

Confucius was an ancient Chinese philosopher (551 - 479 BCE)

In Harlem, ________________ played at The Cotton Club and introduced the term swing:

Duke Ellington

How is the romance of Lancelot and Guinevere an example of courtly love?

Courtly love emphasized a knight offering his love and service to a married noble woman. Often, the tales describe a knight enthralled with a woman to the point where he is willing to face any hardship for his beloved. Lancelot's actions mark him as the perfect courtly lover. Love drives Lancelot to ignore wounds to his body when crossing the sword bridge, to ride in a cart reserved for social outcasts, and to fight poorly at a tournament because of Guinevere's request.

Which of the following is NOT considered a work of Neoclassicism:

Death of Sardanapalus

Name a German Expressionist group discussed in the Powerpoints/ the textbook:

Die Brucke

This first example of the modern novel was written by Cervantes:

Don Quixote

Where does Don Quixote place blame for his loss and beating at the hands of the mule driver?

Don Quixote places blame on his steed or horse for his loss and beating at the hands of the mule driver.

The deeds of Renaissance condottieri would be most relevant to a discussion of what work?

Donatello's Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata

The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was fought between:

England and France

What Elizabethan political issues does the author think Sir John Davies was evoking in his poem with the phrases "harsh tunes" and "troubled Ayer"?

England's war with Spain, famines, the outbreaks of plague and influenza, high unemployment, and uncertainties caused by the Queen's refusal to name her successor.

This great American "Jazz Age" writer published The Great Gatsby:

F. Scott Fitzgerald

The New Deal was developed by ______________, arguably one of the greatest presidents in American history.

FDR

This art movement began as a literary movement, glorified war as a social cleansing agent, and was interested in the speed and dynamism of modern technology:

Futurism

This Italian astronomer improved the telescope and was forced to retire by the church:

Galileo Galilei

This "Father of Art History" published the Lives of the Artists:

Giorgio Vasari

Which of the following is NOT an example of Mannerism?

Giorgione's Tempest

This Italian composer was a superstar of opera:

Giuseppe Verdi

This Mesopotamian king is remembered for his "eye for an eye" law code:

Hammurabi

The Aztec Empire of Mexico was conquered by:

Hernan Cortes

This prominent nun was authorized to write theological books and documented her visions in illuminated manuscripts:

Hildegard of Bingen

Explain how a Homeric siren threatened male self-control?

In Greek mythology, a siren was a composite creature (part woman and part bird). They used their enchanting singing and playing musical instruments to lure sailors to their deaths.

This Renaissance patron was pen-pals with Leonardo and collected paintings for her studiolo:

Isabella D'Este

This artist depicted a mirror in the background of the Arnolfini Double Portrait:

Jan van Eyck

The greatest High Renaissance composer was:

Josquin Des Prez

What charismatic figure rose to prominence during the period of Roman civil war through his military and administrative skills and then was assassinated for assuming too much power?

Julius Caesar

Which of the following was discovered by Howard Carter:

King Tut's tomb

What does Lady Madeline do to Roderick?

Lady Madeline appears to fall and die on her brother and Roderick dies from the shock of seeing Madeline alive.

Match the knight with the event/activity:

Lancelot-Sword Bridge Gawain-Bed of Marvels Mystery Knight-fights the Wild Man Galahad-visits the Castle of Maidens

This Viking traveled to North America centuries before Columbus:

Leif Eriksson

Explain how Leonardo's humanistic pursuits informed his scientific pursuits.

Leonardo was trained in human anatomy and was able to dissect human corpses at a hospital in Florence and his advantage of ultimately being able to closely inspect provided a methodology for his scientific advances in optics and hydrodynamics and it also helped to improve his art.

How was the type of literature written by Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe similar? How was it different?

Literature written by Mary Shelley and Edgar Allen Poe were similar because they were both masters of a range of writing and storytelling styles and techniques like science fiction, fantasy, and horror stories, solidified traditions of already existing fantasy and science fiction story forms, and created archetypes that stand tall in contemporary fiction. The difference between the literature of Mary Shelley and Edgar Allen Poe was that Poe never wrote a single novel-length masterpiece that defines him, instead, he wrote very pointed stories about the horrors and uncertainties of life, and about the possibilities of science.

What did Lord Elgin remove from Athens?

Lord Elgin removed the statues from the Parthenon and had them sent to England.

Who won the competition to decorate the doors of the Florence Cathedral Baptistery and spent the rest of his career engaged in this monumental project?

Lorenzo Ghiberti

This diplomat wrote The Prince:

Machiavelli

Why did the Catholic church declare Elizabeth illegitimate?

Many Catholics did not accept the legitimacy of Henry's annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon, which had allowed his union with Anne, who had been beheaded for adultery and in 1570 a Papal Bull of Excommunication had also declared Elizabeth illegitimate.

____________ seems to have been Dürer's favorite author.

Martin luther

match

Materialism-belief that science, technology, and industry can solve all problems and make humans happy Utilitarianism-belief that moral good lies in greatest happiness for the greatest number Marxism-Called for forceful overthrow of the bourgeoisie Jeremy Bentham-Advocate for Utilitarianism bourgeoisie-the social class characterized by ownership of assets and capital Karl Marx-wrote Das Kapital proletariat-the working class with the ability to dethrone capitalists to help in the creation of a classless society

Name a gothic storytelling predecessor of Shelley and Poe mentioned by the author:

Matthew Gregory Lewis

______________ used the threat of violence to force Japan to open their ports in 1854.

Matthew Perry

Define metafiction:

Metafiction is fiction that is about fiction. It is a form of fiction that emphasizes its own construction in a way that will continually remind the reader to be aware that they are reading or viewing a fictional work. The author self-consciously alludes to the artificiality or literariness of a work by parodying or departing from novelistic conventions (especially naturalism) and traditional narrative techniques.

____________ was a central part of Carolingian culture and helped to preserve much of the literature of the ancient world and to introduce agricultural advances/new crops.

Monasticism

How was music capable of evoking BOTH feminine and masculine qualities?

Music was capable of evoking both feminine and masculine qualities by being considered feminine, sensual, and frivolous while also showing masculine characteristics of rationality and order through its traditional basis as mathematical art.

How does Bertha seek to hide the couple's difference in age once they move to western France?

Once they move to western France, Bertha begins to hide their age difference by a thousand feminine arts by using rouge, dressing younger, and having more of a juvenile manner.

The Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople was sacked by:

Ottoman Turks

The earliest identification of Elizabeth with political harmony refers to the myth of ___________________.

Pan and Syrinx

How does Peckham Rock poke fun at BOTH the museum as well as its visitors?

Peckham Rock pokes fun at the museum by mocking the apparent blindness of British Museum security guards; authoritarian figures charged with ensuring acceptable encounters with art, and who are often made fun of in otherof Banksy's works and exhibitions. Peckham rock also pokes fun at its visitor's inability to spot a fake.

What was Prohibition (1920-1933)?

Prohibition was a decade+ long period in the United States where the production, transport, sales, and consumption of alcohol were outlawed by an Amendment to the Constitution (the 18th Amendment). It was later repealed by the 21st Amendment.

The author compares Dürer's Portrait of Agnes Frey Dürer to _______________'s many drawings of his wife.

Rembrandt's

A French mathematician; he said: "I think, therefore I am."

Rene Descartes

What has afflicted Roderick (according to him) and when does he feel the condition originated?

Roderick says that a peculiar gloom (mental illness) has afflicted him and it originated from a long-continued illness that his sister Madeline has.

Which of the following artists is known for his paintings based upon romance and war comic books:

Roy Lichtenstein

How is Sancho Panza a foil for Don Quixote?

Sancho Panza acts as a foil for Don Quixote because Sancho brings out all of the extreme qualities of Don Quixote. Quixote cares about things like honor and love, while Sancho cares about more practical things such as food, and sleep.

This painter's nickname means ""little keg" and he burned much of his early work:

Sandro Botticelli

This Dominican preached reform, organizing a children's police and the Bonfires of the Vanities:

Savonarola

According to the article, how are both the sciences and the humanities rooted in empiricism?

Science is methodologically empirical in its study of nature and attempts to remove all bias from its investigation. Acknowledging that there are subjects from which we cannot extricate ourselves, humanistic inquiry closely observes both the object of study and how we ourselves study the object. Put another way, the sciences seek exact knowledge, whereas the humanities strive for wisdom.

Battleship Potemkin is known for its powerful montage sequences and was directed by:

Sergei Eisenstein

Describe several of the objects Dürer recorded seeing after they were brought to Europe from the "New World". Where did he view them?

Several objects that Durer saw were wondrous weapons of the Aztecs, harness and darts, very strange clothing, beds, and an Aztec feathered shield from the booty of Corte´s. He viewed these objects at the Coudenberg Palace in Brussels.

_________________ published Interpretation of Dreams in 1900 and opened the subject of human sexuality to public discussion.

Sigmund Freud

___________ was Speaker of England's House of Commons and the author of Utopia:

Sir Thomas More

Which classical authors were Elizabethan beliefs in musical harmony inherited from?

Some classical authors that Elizabeth's beliefs in musical harmony were inherited from are Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, and particularly from Boethius's transmission of classical ideas in his De Institutione Musica.

What problems were created by the industrialization of London? (3 points)

Some problems that were caused by the industrialization of London were that it forced the majority of people into low paying jobs, the access to work made it to where people had to live closer to factories, and the crowding led neighborhoods to become slums, the British workforce became proletariat (they neither owned the means of production or controlled their own work), young children ages 9 to 13 could work 9-hour shifts, the River Thames became little more than an open sewer, cholera thrived in the water causing multiple epidemics in the 1830s and 1840s, and workers and issues of industry become a subject for artists.

Mark Twain wrote about being offended by this painting by Titian:

The Venus of Urbino

What was St. Anthony's Fire (Ergotism) caused by?

St. Anthony's Fire was caused by a harmful type of mold that grew on rye.

This Christian philosopher wrote the City of God as well as an autobiography discussing the sins of his youth (Confessions):

St. Augustine of Hippo

Which of these figures composed an influential set of rules for Christian monks?

St. Benedict

Compare/contrast Stoicism and Epicurianism in a short paragraph. What historical figures played a role in each philosophy

Stoicism is a Hellenistic philosophy that taught one must do one's duty, practice moral virtue and submit to a divinely ordered destiny. Stoicism preached to treat each other like brothers, they live in the nature of the gods and it is compared to Buddhism. Epicurianism teaches that in order to obtain internal peace a man has to free himself from the fear of death by understanding the universe. This goes against what stoicism say because they believe a man should be happy no matter the obstacles they face in life while Epicurianism tries to basically avoid pain.

What is the 'canon of art'?

The 'canon of art' are the works of art regarded by influential individuals as being masterpieces. This hierarchy promotes that certain objects and styles of art have more value than others. The 'canon' has evolved at various times.

How did the British Museum respond to Banksy's act?

The British Museum responded to Banksy's act by stating they were genuinely impressed with Banksy's research into and engagement with their collection and playing along with the joke publicly accepted the rock as a donation to its collections.

Which of the following is NOT considered a work of Romanticism:

The Death of Marat

Which of the following was written by Franz Kafka:

The Metamorphosis

What are The Monuments Men recognized for doing? When?

The Monuments Men are recognized for risking there lives around the 1940s to recover masterpieces of western civilization after being taken by the nazis.

Which of these was an erotic tale that was the most widely read work of the Middle Ages?

The Romance of the Rose

Discuss the "final category of collecting" addressed by Chipps Smith.

The final category of collecting talks about Durer's self collection. We are better informed in Durer's case because of the known provenances of his oeuvre, such as the portraits of his parents or his own self portraits, and sometimes because of information that he himself provided.

Why does the protagonist in The Mortal Immortal decide to accept the offer of the alchemist?

The protagonist in The Mortal Immortal decided to accept the offer of the alchemist because the woman that he loves (Bertha) guilts him to accept the offer of the alchemist so the protagonist isn't poor anymore and can finally marry her. Bertha says, 'You pretend to love, and you fear to face the Devil for my sake!" "Thus encouraged - shamed by her - led on by love and hope, laughing at my late fears, with quick steps and a light heart I returned to accept the offers of the alchemist..."

How does the story of Lancelot on the Sword Bridge and Gawain's story in Perceval mirror the story of Aristotle and the Maiden?

The stories of Lancelot on the Sword Bridge and Gawain in Perceval mirror the story of Aristotle and the Maiden because Both Lancelot and Gawain are made fools for love, given to irrational behavior to please a woman. Lancelot goes as far as to attempt suicide when he believes that Guinevere is dead. In attempting to please the women he meets, Gawain breaks his vow to avoid military pursuits until his name is cleared.

What story is depicted on the lid of the Metropolitan casket?

The story depicted on the lid of the Metropolitan casket is a scene from the Siege of the Castle of Love and it shows knights jousting.

What three monotheistic religions developed during late antiquity? Compare and contrast them. What significant figures played a role in the beliefs/development of these religions?

The three monotheistic religions that developed during the late antiquity are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Some things they all have in common are that they all have one god they worship, and they each have a text that is sacred to their religion. Both Christianity and Islam have a book of stories and encounters told by different people. Judaism came first historically and arose from the Jews and Hebrews. Moses and Abraham were significant figures for Christianity because Abraham founded the laws of God and Moses set God's people free from Egypt. An important figure for Islam is the prophet Muhammad because he founded the religion and was viewed as the last and greatest in a series of prophets. An important figure in Judaism is also Abraham because Judaism and Christianity are very similar religions, with Judaism being more specific about oneness with God.

What are the two separate traditions/versions of the popular legend of Tristan and Isolde?

The two separate traditions/versions of the legend of Tristan and Isolde are version commune, common or primitive version and the version courtoise, courtly version.

Why did Elizabeth and her courtiers seek to carefully control her musical image?

The volatile meanings associated with musical women may be one reason why Elizabeth and her courtiers sought to control her musical image. Many of the associations between music and femininity were incongruous with Elizabeth's image as the chaste virgin queen. Queens were not immune from men casting aspersions on their morality by making allegations of amoral behavior caused by music.

match

Thomas Hobbes-believed that the naturally greedy and violent people needed to an absolute monarch to rule them John Locke-his theory of the social contract formed the basis of liberalism John Milton-wrote Paradise Lost (an epic poem) Louis XIV-moved his court to Versailles during the 17th century Teresa of Avila-founded a reformed order of nuns Marie de' Medici-this regent of France asked Peter Paul Rubens to paint her life story

Dürer seems to have aspired to a higher social class when he returned to Nuremberg.

True

Explain two possible meanings of the MIRROR in the Capture of the Unicorn scene on the ivory casket.

Two possible meanings of the MIRROR in the Capture of the Unicorn scene could be either a sign of the girl's purity or it could represent fidelity in love.

How does the author suggest that the scene of Galahad's adventure at the Castle of Maidens offers a new spin on the theme of knightly service for love (compared to all other scenes on the Metropolitan casket)?

Unlike Aristotle, Pyramus, Lancelot, and Gawain who all seeked love and sexual favors from women, Galahad is sexually pure, he had no interest in the women he saved beyond Christian charity. His purity makes him victorious over the seven brothers and he is able to gain access to the castle and his reception of the keys is a sign of his purity.

Why does the narrator go to visit Usher?

Usher has been feeling ill and distressed lately. He has sent a letter asking the narrator, a friend since they were boys, to visit for support.

This Dutch master employed the camera obscura when painting:

Vermeer

This Post-Impressionist collected and copied Japanese prints such as Flowering Plum Tree:

Vincent Van Gogh

The Bolshevik Revolution (established the first socialist state in Europe) was was led by:

Vladimir Lenin

What is a Wanderjahre? Who did Dürer hope to learn from while traveling in 1492?

Wanderjahre is a period of working as a journeyman abroad following the completion of their formal training for young city artists. While traveling in 1492 Durer hoped to learn from Martin Schongauer, Germany's most famous engraver and a skilled painter.

What drove Don Quixote "completely out of his mind"?

What drove Don Quixote completely out of his mind was him reading too many books and not getting enough sleep.

What does the innkeeper do when he realizes that Don Quixote is "not quite right in the head"?

When the innkeeper realizes that Don Quixote is not right in the head he decides to humor him and assured Don Quixote that he was fully justified in his request.

Why is Winzy documenting his life's story - what does he intend to do?

Winzy is documenting his life story because he wants to be remembered, but he also wants to make it a warning to others who desire immortality. He begins to hate how long he is living and contemplates suicide but does not know if it is the right thing to do and he does not want to make someone else a murderer.

__________________ was a prolific/ influential composer of the Classical era of music:

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Willie Bester was a vocal critic of ______________ (government-sponsored racial separation in South Africa):

apartheid

Giotto painted a fresco cycle for the _________ chapel in Padua.

arena

Masaccio's The Tribute Money, a scene of Jesus and his disciples painted in the 1420s, is notable for its pioneering use of what technique or subject?

atmospheric or aerial perspective

This 1960s American singer-songwriter is recognized for his many protest songs such as "The Times They are a-Changin'.":

bob dylan

What architect was first designated to rebuild St. Peter's in Rome and also designed the classical temple named the "Tempietto"?

bramante

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Paleolithic culture:

building permanent homes

This home and school for orphans offered girls entry to the musical profession:

conservatory

_________ issued the Edict of Milan in 313 CE.

constantine

This term is used to describe the weight shift found in Classical Greek sculpture:

contrapposto

Additionally, music was a tool of ________________ with which a young woman might make herself desirable to a suitable husband.

courtship

The hero of _________, an Anglo-Saxon epic poem, battles Grendel and a dragon:

beowulf

A new interpretation of a novel would mean that previous interpretations are wrong.

false

Francis Challoner and Lodowick Lloyd supported music and dancing being a significant component of Elizabeth's court.

false

Lute performances were public spectacles.

false

Music was one of the talents expected of young women during the Renaissance.

false

____________________ was the ultimate, suffering Romantic musical genius (he went deaf):

beethoven

A ___________ Greek vase had one black-figure side and one red-figure side.

bilingual

Term describing a group of male musicians for the Pope's court:

cappella

Which of the following is an interest of an Impressionist artist?

capturing the fleeting moment

In carrying the technique of chiaroscuro (dramatic light and shadow) to the cities of Florence and Naples, Artemisia Gentileschi spread the influence of what artist?

caravaggio

The term responsorial would be most relevant in a discussion of what topic?

chants and hymns sung in early Christian churches

Phidias' 38' tall cult statue for the Athenian Parthenon was made of:

chryselephantine

This stoic lawyer, orator, and politician sought to save the Roman Republic from dictatorship during the rule of Julius Caesar:

cicero

This feminist photographer is best known for her Untitled Film Stills series:

cindy sherman

____________ was a new, cheap source of fuel and replaced wood during the industrial revolution.

coal

A group of manuscript pages held together by stitching is called a ________________. These replaced the scroll.

codex

Peckham Rock was created with spray paint.

false

The Metropolitan casket's presentation of Tristan and Isolde's tryst beneath the tree is found in one surviving textual version.

false

The double impalement of Pyramus and Thisbe represented on the Metropolitan casket matches the verbal text.

false

We have evidence that Hans Baldung Grien and Albrecht Altdorfer both collected antique coins.

false

______________ prized nation, race, and ethnic pride over individual freedoms:

fascism

This Roman monument documents a Roman emperor's two campaigns against the Dacians:

column of trajan

Which of the following was NOT considered to be a good emperor:

commodus

The Romans used this inexpensive building material to shape interior and exterior spaces?

concrete

The common ground of the fields included in the humanities is _________________________.

critical thinking

The peoples of Mesopotamia pressed a stylus into a soft clay tablet to produce these wedge-shaped characters:

cuneiform

This ancient Aegean culture is known for its marble violin or fiddle figurines:

cycladic

This controversial British artist often preserved dead animals in his works from the 1990s:

damien hirst

Ancient Greek theater developed out of the cult of __________, the god of wine and fertility.

dionysus

The Etruscans practiced __________, seeking to interpret messages from the gods. One method employed involved inspecting the liver of a sheep or ox.

divination

The first freestanding bronze nude sculpture since Roman antiquity is attributed to what Florentine?

donatello

Matisse was an artists associated with this "wild beasts" movement:

fauvism

Works by the Guerrilla Girls would be considered examples of this art movement:

feminist art

Spiral Jetty by Robert Smithson is an example of:

environmental art

The Mystery Knight represented on the Metropolitan casket could be the old knight _______________.

enyas

This epic is the oldest known narrative poem and documents the exploits of an ancient Sumerian king.

epic of gilgamesh

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is an example of an ____________________ novel.

epistolary

This northern humanist thinker opposed Martin Luther and wrote In Praise of Folly: __________________

erasmus

Rembrandt is famous for producing 300 different prints of this type:

etchings

What philosophy is Søren Kierkegaard associated with?

existentialism

Paleolithic ______________ made of cave bear femurs were found in Slovenia.

flutes

___________ was a leader of non-violent protest in India as they struggled against British rule.

gandhi

Two prints by Hogarth argued for the consumption of beer (safe to drink it on rooftops) vs. the consumption of ___________________ (leads to poverty and death).

gin

Each painted section of wet plaster or "day's work" in the Arena Chapel is referred to as ______________.

giornata

Featuring rose windows and stained glass, Chartres Cathedral is a ____________ building:

gothic

__________ were attracted to the Etruscan coast of Italy by abundant metal ore that the Etruscans mined and controlled.

greeks

The Narmer Palette is a ceremonial version (larger) of an object used for/as _______________.

grinding eye makeup

Rembrandt's Sortie of Capt. Cocq's Company (Night Watch) is an example of what topic or subject?

group portrait

Thousands of people were beheaded by the _____________ during the Reign of Terror.

guillotine

Which individual crossed the Alps during the Punic Wars and brought war to Roman soil?

hannibal of carthage

Allan Kaprow coined the term ___________________ to describe intentionally provocative environments and improvisational multimedia art events in which the spectators were expected to actively participate.

happening

This English ruler famously started the Anglican Church so he could get divorced:

henry VIII

Which of the following was depicted the least by the Lascaux cave painters during the Paleolithic Period?

humans

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Paleolithic culture:

hunter-gathering

A(an) ____________ is contemporary art created for a temporary or permanent gallery or outdoor area. The term is most often applied to interior spaces.

installation

Which of the following courses is not considered part of the humanities:

introduction to psychology, world economics

This reformation leader believed in predestination and objected to religious images:

john calvin

What charismatic figure rose to prominence during the period of Roman civil war through his military and administrative skills and then was assassinated for assuming too much power?

julius caesar

Hagia Sophia was constructed during the reign of this Byzantine emperor:

justinian

What is the name of the most sacred shrine of Islam, located in Mecca?

kaaba

____________ is best known for her large-scale installations of silhouettes cut out of paper and applied to the gallery wall:

kara walker

The most common form of Archaic Greek statue was the __________, a freestanding nude male youth that often served as a gravemarker.

kouros

When did the practices of 'tagging' and 'piecing' with spray paint originate in Philadelphia and New York?

late 1960s

Today we recognize _________________'s genius in his notes and drawings:

leonardo

Roman Republic sculptors created very realistic (verism) portraits of:

male patricians

___________ rejected church control of access to salvation and published the 95 Theses:

martin luther

___________________ published Frankenstein when she was 19. Her Gothic novel is also considered one of the earliest examples of science fiction:

mary shelley

The Egyptian pyramid evolved from a low rectangular __________, an earlier burial architectural type.

mastaba

Despite being exiled from Florence, the ____________ were the richest family in Europe by the death of Cosimo.

medici

The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer were written in ________________.

middle english

This ancient Aegean culture depicted men and women leaping over bulls:

minoan

The Qur'an (Koran) was revealed to what prophet?

muhammad

_________ believed truth could be found in mathematical perfection and wrote The Republic.

plato

_________ was the Greek term for "city-state":

polis

This art movement relied on images pulled from mass media and advertising:

pop art

This Renaissance patron hired Michelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling:

pope julius II

Which construction method was employed by the builders of Stonehenge:

post and lintel

Jane Austen's novels, such as ________________, are studies of social life among the English gentry

pride and prejudice

What new 15th-century artform made it easier for artists to acquire a diverse range of stylistic and iconographic sources?

prints

Of the artists called by Julius II to Rome, who was employed in decorating the rooms of the walls of the pope's apartments with great frescoes, as well as archaeological excavations and other projects?

raphael

The Dada artist Marcel Duchamp coined the term ___________________ for the found objects which he would select and modify for exhibition.

readymade

Romanesque pilgrims traveled to see sacred shrines where the ____________ of saints were kept and venerated by the faithful.

relics

Which of the following is not a Mode of Expression:

religion

__________________ invented the concepts of Gesamtkunstwerk and the leitmotif in his operas:

richard wagner

The hip-rolling rebellion of ____________music featured electric guitars and introduced the world to Elvis Presley.

rock and roll

These gatherings of philosophers and writers were held in Rococo hotels:

salons

___________ wrote nine books of lyric poetry:

sappho

_______________ drank hemlock, choosing suicide rather than banishment from Athens when he was wrongly accused of "corrupting the youth" of Athens.

socrates

The _____________________ were paid teachers of philosophy to sons of wealthy Greek families; debated with their students; sometimes taught verbal trickery.

sophists

What Athenian playwright is famous for his seven surviving tragedies (Ex. Oedipus the King)?

sophocles

What type of art is Banksy associated with?

street art

These artists sought ways to express the world of dreams and the unconscious:

surrealism

______________ interpreted the composite casket in the Victoria and Albert Museum and suggested that it expresses the desire of the casket's male giver to conquer, emotionally and physically, his fiance.

susan smith

_____________ described her fascination with suicide in The Bell Jar.

sylvia plath

Picasso and Georges Braque fused high and low art materials in collages in their works of:

synthetic cubism

Raphael designed ten cartoons for __________ for the lower walls of the Sistine Chapel.

tapestries

This meeting, the Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation, scrutinized church doctrine, censored books, and prescribed artistic standards: _______________

the Council of Trent

In 1401, the wool merchants held a competition to design a set of bronze doors for:

the Florence Cathedral Baptistry

The Cold War ended after ___________________ in 1991:

the USSR collapsed

Boccaccio's Decameron relates the tales of a group of Florentines trying to escape:

the black death

What musical instrument was a visual symbol for sex in Renaissance portraiture?

the lute

What Fascist group organized the Degenerate Art Exhibition:

the nazis

Northern altarpieces often included ___________ depicted in the wings:

the patrons

Which of these was important in spreading Martin Luther's religious ideas?

the printing press

Which of these was an erotic tale that was the most widely read work of the Middle Ages?

the romance of the rose

What does the term 'post-graffiti' describe?

the term 'post-graffiti', initially used to describe the displacement ofgraffiti writing from the streets and subways of New York City into the more acceptable confines of the art world, the phrase has reappeared recently in a series of popular art texts, exhibitions, and conferences to suggest the emergence of a qualitatively different, contemporary style of inscribing the city. Tristan Manco describes 'post-graffiti' as street art and a graffiti scene in flux between established ideas and new directions.

What theme is highlighted on the Metropolitan casket by the story of Aristotle and the Maiden?

the triumph of love over reason

The Neolithic Period appeared at different times at different locations throughout the world.

true

The ___________ was introduced to Holland in the early 17th century and enormous sums of money were made by breeding them.

tulip

Dürer visited ________ twice before 1510.

venice

This famous satirical writer believed in an enlightened monarchy and served Louis XV:

voltaire

Most early prints were produced for the open market and were:

woodcuts

______________ is the name given to the Mesopotamian stepped structure with a temple on top.

ziggurat

Which of the following artists played both a role in Realism as well as Impressionism?

Édouard Manet