Human A&P 2 Heart/Blood Vessels Practical 3

Which of the following correctly depicts differences between cardiac muscle tissue & skeletal muscle tissue? 1. The sarcoplasm is more folded in cardiac muscle. 2. Skeletal muscle has a long refractory period, which cardiac muscle has a short refractory period. 3. Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not. 4. Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria than skeletal muscle. 5. Skeletal muscle has gap junctions & cardiac muscle does not.

1. The sarcoplasm is more folded in cardiac muscle. 3.Cardiac muscle has intercalated discs; skeletal muscle does not. 4.Cardiac muscle has more mitochondria than skeletal muscle.

Put the layers/spaces of the pericardium & heart wall in order, superficial to deep. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1.Fibrous pericardium 2.Parietal pericardium 3.Pericardial cavity 4.Epicardium (Visceral pericardium) 5.Myocardium 6.Endocardium

Blood flows from the right atrium to the [ Select1 ] then to the [ Select2 ] to the [ Select3 ] where it goes to the [ Select4 ] .

1.right ventricle 2.pulmonary trunk 3.pulmonary arteries 4.lungs

How many half-moon shaped, pocketlike cusps are found in each semilunar valve?

3

Put the following events in order of nodal cell activity. 1. An action potential occurs. 2. Repolarization occurs. 3. Threshold is reached. 4. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 5. Voltage-gated K+ channels open. 6. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open.

6, 3, 4, 1, 5, 2

Which of the following would cause a decrease in cardiac output?

An increase in afterload

Oxygenated blood can be found in which of the following? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.) Pulmonary trunk Aorta Vena cava Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries

Aorta Pulmonary veins

Match the event on an EKG with it's description. P wave

Atrial depolarization

When the ventricles are contracting, which of the following are true? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.) Semilunar valves are open but pushed closed. Atrioventricular valves are closed. Atria are relaxed. Atria are contracted. Atrioventricular valves are open. Semilunar valves are closed but pushed open. Pressure is higher in ventricles than atria. Pressure is higher in atria than ventricles.

Atrioventricular valves are closed. Atria are relaxed. Semilunar valves are closed but pushed open. Pressure is higher in ventricles than atria.

Match the valve with it's location. Bicuspid valve

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Match the valve with it's location. Aortic semilunar valve

Between the left ventricle & aorta

Match the valve with it's location. Tricuspid valve

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Match the valve with it's location. Pulmonary semilunar valve

Between the right ventricle & pulmonary trunk

During the Q-T interval, what is occurring within cardiac muscle cells?

Calcium is entering & potassium is leaving ventricular cells.

Structure to Function Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Structure to Function Veins

Carry blood toward the heart

Structure to Function Capillaries

Exchange nutrients and wastes

What are the cell-to-cell contacts of the cardiac muscle fibers called?

Intercalated discs

The cardioinhibitory center is controlled by which division of the autonomic nervous system & causes what to occur?

Parasympathetic & decrease in heart rate

Which of the cardiovascular system's circuits has deoxygenated blood in its arteries?

Pulmonary circuit

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary veins

Structure to Function Heart

Pump Blood

In an ECG, what does the T wave denote?

Repolarization of the ventricles

What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava?

SA node

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, & pelvic regions?

Systemic circuit

Match the term to it's definition. Cardiac Cycle

The period of time from one heartbeat to the next

Which of the following correctly describes nodal cells?

They are autorhythmic & require no outside stimulation.

Match the event on an EKG with it's description. Q-T Interval

Time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Parasympathetic innervation of the heart occurs via the .

Vagus nerve

Match the event on an EKG with it's description. QRS complex

Ventricular depolarization

Match the event on an EKG with it's description. T wave

Ventricular repolarization

Match the term to it's definition. Stroke volume

Volume of blood ejected during 1 beat in 1 ventricle

Cardiac output is the amount of blood that is pumped by:

a single ventricle in one minute.

Metabolically, cardiac muscle relies on:

aerobic metabolism using many mitochondria & multiple types of fuel molecules.

The resistance in arteries to the ejection of blood by the heart is known as .

afterload

Match the term to it's definition. Cardiac Output

amount of blood pumped by a single ventricle in one minute

The inferior, conical end of the heart is called the .

apex

The pulmonary trunk receives blood from the right ventricle & conducts it toward the lung. The pulmonary trunk is a(n) _________.

artery

According to the Frank-Starling law:

as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful.

The anterior part of each atrium is a flaplike extension called a(n) .

auricle

What is the sequence of events in the transmission of an impulse through the heart muscle? a: AV node b: AV bundle c: SA node d: Through the atria e: Through the ventricles f: Bundle branches g: Purkinje fibers

c, d, a, b, f, g, e

For the repolarization phase of an SA nodal cell action potential:

calcium channels close & potassium channels open.

Once an SA nodal cell reaches threshold, the depolarization phase occurs during which:

calcium comes in through fast voltage-gated channels.

Match the term to it's definition. Systole

chamber contraction

Match the term to it's definition. Diastole

chamber relaxation

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the:

chordae tendineae.

During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays:

depolarized as potassium exits & calcium enters.

Atrial systole occurs just before:

early ventricular systole.

The membrane of a contractile cardiac muscle cell contains:

fast voltage-gated sodium channels & slow voltage-gated calcium channels.

Positive chronotropic agents:

increase heart rate.

The atria are separated from themselves internally by the:

interatrial septum.

The serous fluid within the pericardial cavity works to:

lubricate membranes of the pericardium.

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the:

myocardium.

Match the term to it's definition. Heart rate

number of beats per minute

The heart valves:

permit the passage of blood in one direction.

Large doses of certain stimulants can lead to dangerous increases in heart rates, which are called a:

positive chronotropic agent.

The opening & closing of the heart valves is caused by:

pressure changes of alternating contraction & relaxation during the cardiac cycle.

As blood is pumped out of the heart & into the major arteries leaving the heart, it:

pushes against the semilunar valves & opens them.

The fossa ovalis appears just above the opening of the coronary sinus within the:

right atrium.

The right border of the heart is supplied by the:

right marginal artery.

The right coronary artery supplies the:

right side & back of the heart.

The heartbeat is initiated by the cells of the node.

sinoatrial (SA)

The function of the coronary sinus is to:

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

During ventricular systole:

the semilunar valves open & the AV valves close.

To initiate a cardiac muscle cell contraction, calcium binds to:

troponin.

The inferior chambers of the heart are called .

ventricles

The epicardium is another name for the:

visceral pericardium.