Human Bio- Final Exam 40 questions

Each of the following statements is a basic principle of the cell doctrine EXCEPT which of the following?

-All cells have a nucleus and organelles. -All cells have a cell wall

To which of the following domains do unicellular organisms that lack nuclei belong?

-Archaea -bacteria

Each of the following statements correctly describes an action potential EXCEPT which one?

Action potentials are propagated by the sodium-potassium pump.

In the electron transport system, the energy used to synthesize ATP comes from the diffusion of ________ from the outer compartment of the mitochondria to the inner compartment.

H+

Which of the following is TRUE about somatic cell nuclear transfer?

It can be used to create a clone of an adult organism.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

It causes the breakdown of bone

Which of the following are TRUE regarding skin?

Keratin is a protein in the cells of the epidermis that provides strength and waterproofing.

Which one of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

LH

All of the following diagnostic imaging techniques expose patients to additional radiation EXCEPT which one?

MRI

During which one of the following phases of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

S phase

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the "recycling" of hemoglobin?

The iron atoms are returned to the red bone marrow to be reused.

Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding glial cells?

They support and protect neurons.

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material

Which of the following genotypes is most likely to result in phenotypic female development?

XO

If a piece of a chromosome breaks off during mitosis or meiosis and is lost, the event is called

a deletion

All of the following are involved in the inflammatory response EXCEPT

antibodies

Free radicals produced during biochemical reactions can function as carcinogens if they are NOT neutralized by

antioxidants

Polygenic traits display phenotypes that

are distributed in a continuous range, with more at the median and fewer at the extremes

Which one of the following is NOT directly involved in the production of a typical spinal reflex?

brain

Which of the following are proteins in the blood that can be activated to lyse bacterial cells, mark other bacterial cells for destruction, and enhance inflammation?

complement

Which type of tissue is characteristic of ligaments and tendons?

dense connective tissue

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

emulsifying large fat droplets.

All of the following are structural characteristics of the small intestine that allow it to specialize in the uptake of nutrients EXCEPT which one?

gastric pits

Which one of the following is most typical of hypertension?

having no symptoms

Most bacteria are harmless or even beneficial to humans. All of the following are ways that bacteria benefit humans EXCEPT which one?

help prevent infection by populating open wounds and other skin injuries

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin

During which one of the following stages of the cell cycle do the chromosomes exist in the form of chromatin that is NOT clearly visible under the microscope?

interphase

Intercalated discs

join cardiac muscle cells to each other

Crystallized minerals in the renal pelvis are referred to as

kidney stones.

Which portion of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions?

motor

Which one of the following types of white blood cells is capable of phagocytosis?

neutrophils

In the cell, proteins that are synthesized for immediate use by the cell are normally produced

on free-floating ribosomes

The normal HER2 gene encodes a protein that promotes cell growth, repair, and division at specific times of development. Certain types of aggressive breast cancers contain a mutant HER2 gene that is active all the time, driving uncontrolled growth. Which of the following is the best term for this mutated HER2 gene?

oncogene

The "blind spot" is associated with which one of the following?

optic disk

Somatic receptors distributed throughout the body are linked to sensory neurons that send impulses to which one of the following regions of the brain?

parietal lobes

A high hematocrit might indicate

polycythemia

Active transport is like facilitated diffusion in that both processes

require the presence of proteins that span the plasma membrane.

During ejaculation, smooth muscle in the ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, epididymis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands is induced to contract by

sympathetic nerves.

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body defenses attack and destroy acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells. During the initiation of muscle contraction, which of the following steps would be the FIRST to be disrupted in someone with myasthenia gravis?

the movement of an electrical impulse through the T-tubules

At the end of the electron transport system, oxygen combines with electrons and hydrogen ions to form ________, a waste product.

water