Human Development Final Exam

Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is true?

Younger children have an easier time adjusting to stepfamilies than adolescents.

Why is it difficult to determine the exact nature (and direction of the effect) of family characteristics and adolescent development?

Parents and adolescents reciprocally influence each other.

Current research on the effects of remarriage indicates that

girls have more problems than boys.

Although young children may seem unaffected by a divorce at the time, problems may emerge when they are adolescents. This delayed effect is called a

sleeper effect.

Adolescents often judge keeping one's room clean and style of dress as matters of personal choice, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as matters of

social convention.

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be

less mature and more conforming to their peers.

Jim and Savannah are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls' childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problems as the girls go through adolescence is

not likely

Peers usually have more influence than parents on matters of

patterns of leisure activity.

The popular notion of a "generation gap" has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to

personal taste.

About what % of children in the United States grow up either in abject poverty or in low-income families?

40%

According to Baumrind, the most successful adolescents are USUALLY those who have which type of parents?

Authoritative

Which of the following statements about minority families and parenting styles is true?

Because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, parental control may actually be beneficial for these adolescents.

Which statement concerning parent-adolescent conflict is true?

Ethnic minority adolescents are less likely than White adolescents to experience conflict with their parents.

Which of the following is a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents?

It is the process of going through a divorce, not the new family structure that results from one, that most affects the mental health of adolescents.

Which of the following statements is true about the "sleeper effects" of divorce?

They may occur because the effects of lower parental monitoring in single parent households become more apparent during adolescence, when kids can access sex, drugs, and other risky substances.

Research suggests that adolescents with lesbian or gay parents

are not psychologically different from those with straight parents

Decha's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind's classification of parenting styles, Decha's parents are most likely

authoritarian.

Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with overall psychological competence?

authoritative

Yusuf's parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and even if they don't agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Yusuf's parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles?

authoritative

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that

authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, but its effects are beneficial in all ethnic groups.

Corinna is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Felix, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. It is most likely that Corinna has ________ parents and Felix has ________ parents.

authoritative; authoritarian

Families that engage in activities such as going to museums, galleries, plays, or musical performances are said to be high in what?

cultural capital

Marcus is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Marcus most likely to side with his friends and against his parents?

how to wear his hair

Viktor feels like his parents do not care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Viktor's parents would be described best as fitting into which of Baumrind's parenting styles?

indifferent

Lupe's parents express love toward her and want her to be happy. They let her, for the most part, establish her own schedule. Lupe eats when she's hungry, has full run of the house, goes out when she pleases, and sleeps when she's tired. This parenting style is best described as

indulgent

Research with beepers and diaries has concluded that adolescents experience ___________ emotions than their parents.

more intensely positive and negative

Felicia is very warm and accepting towards both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are

responsive and demanding.

Many of the effects of divorce can really be traced back to

the amount and nature of the conflict in the marriage

The factor that seems most important in influencing how well children adjust to divorce over time is

the degree of conflict between parents.