Human Genetics Ch 17 Genetics of Immunity

A woman is given RhoGAM to protect future fetuses from hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn if

**she is Rh- and the father is Rh+. she is Rh+ and the fetus is Rh-. she is Rh+ and the father is Rh-. she and the fetus are both Rh-.

Heart valve replacement in humans using a pig valve is an example of a(n)

**xenograft. autograft. allograft. isograft.

_____ is used to track the outbreak of infectious diseases.

Immunotherapy Vaccination Reverse vaccinology **Genome sequencing

An antigen is

a protein or nucleic acid. a nucleic acid only. a protective protein that the immune system produces. **a molecule that can elicit an immune response. because it is seen as "foreign."

Identifying combinations of _____ alleles is useful in tissue typing, establishing identity, and estimating disease risk.

antibody HIV erythrocyte **HLA

Monoclonal implies that the

antigens are from a single source. antibodies come from a twin. cancer cells are all of one type. **antibodies are identical.

In a less severe form of combined immune deficiency, the individual

has normal numbers of T and B cells. lacks both T and B cells. has no white blood cells. **has some T cells but lacks B cells.

Helper T cells secrete

immunoglobulins. antigens. antibodies. **cytokines.

The human leukocyte antigen genes are on the

long arm of chromosome 18. long arm of chromosome 6. **short arm of chromosome 6. short arm of chromosome 2.

The protection against a specific infectious disease that arises when all or nearly all of a population is vaccinated is termed Group of answer choices

mandatory vaccination. government-controlled health care. immune preparedness. **herd immunity.

The genes of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) system encode cell surface

phospholipids. **glycoproteins. histamines. glycolipids.

An example of an autoimmune disorder is Group of answer choices

severe combined immune deficiency. **systemic lupus erythematosus. colon cancer. hay fever.

HIV destroys the immune system by primarily destroying

**helper T cells. erythrocytes. B cells. cytotoxic T cells.

The enzyme _____ allows HIV to make a DNA copy of its RNA genome.

**reverse transcriptase DNA transcriptase RNA polymerase DNA polymerase

In an allergic reaction, allergens bind _____, which release allergy mediators.

**IgE antibodies on mast cell surfaces histamines on mast cell surfaces IgG antibodies on B cell surfaces allergy genes on chromosome 5

The function of dendritic cells is to signal T cells, starting an immune response.

**True False

The functions of antibodies include

**activating complement, inactivating pathogens, and clumping pathogens. activating macrophages, stimulating mast cells, and increasing the white blood cell count. creating a warm and swollen area near the site of infection, which harms the pathogens. causing B cells to bind to T cells, forming clumps that are visible to the immune system.

Cytotoxic T cells target

**cancer cells and virally infected cells. bacterial cells and fungal cells. skin cells and blood cells. B cells and macrophages.

The two major types of lymphocytes are

A and B cells. cytokines and antibodies. **T and B cells. RBCs and WBCs.

In an allograft, the tissue donor is

a dizygotic twin. a monozygotic twin. **a non-relative. the recipient.

Which type of white blood cell secretes specific antibodies?

Cytokine Erythrocyte T cell **B cell

The difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity is that

adaptive immunity attacks pathogens; innate immunity attacks microbes. adaptive immunity releases cytokines; innate immunity produces antibodies. innate immunity targets cancers and transplants; adaptive immunity targets viruses and bacteria. **innate immunity is fast and generalized; adaptive immunity is slow and specific.

One way an autoimmune disorder can arise is if

too many T cells die in the thymus. a person inhales an allergen. a person encounters an immunodeficiency virus. **a nonself antigen coincidentally resembles a self antigen.

B cells secrete antibodies when they

undergo apoptosis. bind antigens. **are stimulated by activated T cells. are engulfed by macrophages.

Severe combined immune deficiencies (SCID) affect both

white blood cells and red blood cells. helper B cells and cytotoxic B cells. mast cells and macrophages. **humoral and cellular immunity.