Human Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

the 1996 Olympic Games in ATL.....

"The Growth Hormone Games"

Be cautious of....

*"Black market" hGH -DANGEROUS -unknown whats in it.... -what its advertised isn't for sure.. *SEE GHR 1000 sildes

hGH & IGF-1 are listed under...

*Class S2 of hormones & related substances 2010 prohibited list of USADA & WADA *SEE SLIDE 21 for legal vs illicit use of rhGH

Athletes looking to use "ergogenic aids" for whatever reason......

are susceptible to scams *ERGOGENIC= implies that such products have special enhancing powers -no food or supplement is TRULY ergogenic

rhGH

recombinant human growth hormone -synthetic growth hormone

Supplements aren't.......

required to be tested for safety or effectiveness b/c they are a special case (compared to drugs) -Dietary Supplement Hlth & Eduation Act 1994

hGH should only be used by those.....

*w/ GH deficiency when Rxd by a physician

Insulin-like Growth Factor-1

*GH actions indirect=stimulates release of this from the liver->via this GH exerts effects *increases in GH are mirrored by this *muscle growth=myocytes: PRO synthesis reduce PRO breakdown take up AAs divide *bone growth, CT & cartilage growth *kidneys & organs increase size *negative feedback=promotes release of somatostatin from hypothalamus to inhibit GH release from AP

Doping

*IOC definition: use of an expedient (substance or method) which is potentially harmful to athletes' health &/or capable of enhancing their performance, or the presence in the athletes' body of a prohibited substance or evidence of the use thereof or evidence of the use of a prohibited method

Rodney Harrison

*NE Patriots -suspended for first 4 games of 2007 reg season b/c of admitted use of hGH -claimed it was for recovery from injury, not performance enhancement -received shipment of rhGH days before the 2004 Super Bowl

Is hGH detectible in the urine or in a simple blood test?

*NO -must perform an extensive blood test

Non-steroid

*PROs or peptides *non-lipid soluble=can't easily diffuse thru cell membranes->receptors located on cell membrane 1. amino acid derivatives 2. PRO or peptide hormones

Can the FDA question claims made by DRUG MANUFACTURERS?

*YES -if their product claims things such as "deposits slabs of muscle bulk" or the like -shout from pages of magazines -if these products are drugs, FDA requires CLINICAL EVIDENCE & PROOF OF SAFETY

GH secretion follows what kind of pattern?

*circadian/pulsatile -primarily secreted from AP during slow wave sleep (SWS) -anything interfering w/ SWS impairs GH release (alcohol.....lack of sleep....)

Athletes risk what from hGH use?

*disqualification= banned by NCAA & USOC *arrest= illicit use of prescription med ; jail or prison (hGH & IGF-1) *IV transmitted disease= GH administered via injection (if it comes in tablet/pill=NOT GH->SEE GHR 1000 slides)

Why is hGH difficult to detect in urine drug tests?

*endogenous levels fluctuate from undetectable to within doping range

When is GH released in regards to exercise

*following exercise=important for muscle recovery *excess exercise=shock system into producing somatostatin->inhibit GH release & cause muscle breakdown -increases in cortisol from ex=disrupt normal release of hormones *sensible ex & adequate rest=build muscle *SLIDES 14-15

someone considering using illegally obtained drugs such as GH, steroids, etc should be aware....

*illegal drugs can contain ANYTHING b/c NOONE tests them -can even contain poisonous/ toxic things -most dangerous products sold to athletes are steroids, other hormones, amphetamines, cocaine, muscle relaxants, tranquilizers, barbiturates, diuretics, & veterinary drugs

GH improves performance, strength, & muscle mass in...

*in those producing INADEQUATE ENDOGENOUS GH ONLY -anabolic actions dependent on PRE-EXISTING LEVELS of GH *no significant links have been made btw muscle mass gain & improved athletic performance in those who have normal GH production *SEE SLIDE 17 & 19

symptoms/ risks of hGH abuse

*increase risk of cancer (breast & colorectal) *acromegaly, skeletal deformities, osteoarthritis *cardiomyopathies=arrhythmias, decrease cardiac perform, HYPT *decrease ex capacity, respiratory disease *tissue edema, swelling, fluid retention *jt pain (due to swelling & soft tissue fibrosis) *excessive sweating & fluid balance issues *psychological, mental, emotional issues *glucose, CHO metabolism disrupted, diabetes *sexual dysfxn, visual impairment *hyperplasia & hypertrophy

Children display what kind of growth with GH?

*linear growth @ epiphyseal plate -differentiation of prechondrocytes (CT, cartilage growth)

steroid

*lipid soluble=diffuses easily thru cell membranes to receptors located in cell *structure similar to cholesterol *secreted by adrenal cortex, ovaries, testes, placenta

How might GH be beneficial for athletes who are already producing normal GH levels?

*may speed recovery from intensive training, overuse injury, or surgery *extends the competitive life of an older professional athlete

Acromegaly

*oversecretion of GH in adults (after puberty)= -exaggerated facial features -thick hands & fingers -growth of soft tissue in organs -coarse skin -sexual dysfxn -carpal tunnel -edema *L vent hypertrophy, HYPT, & decrease ex capacity *athletes who take GH may experience this

S2

*peptide hormones, growth factors, & related substances -2010 prohibited list WADA & USADA -EPO, insulin, corticotropin (ACTH), IGF-1.....

Remind athletes thinking about taking GH.....

*performance enhancement claims ARE NOT TRUE *GH is illegal & banned by sports organizations *side effects are IRREVERSIBLE *dont try "all natural" herbal stuff

Somatostatin

*promoted via IGF-1 to be released from the hypothalamus *acts as a neg feedback response to inhibits GH release from AP

Deer Antler Spray

*rapid growth of antlers= presence of growth factors -> IGF-1 *considered a dietary supplement by the FDA *no current WADA ban *hlthy males found no improvement in sexual fxn *athletes use this as alternative to anabolic steroids *should it be allowed in sport? *would you try it?

Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

*released from ant pituitary due to GHRH from the hypothalamus *Catabolic & anabolic *promote PRO synthesis, growth, lipolysis, increase blood (glucose) *indirectly exerts effects thru IGF-1

Hypothalamus

*releases stimulators of other glands *GHRH->stimulates GH release from anterior pituitary gland

Dietary Supplement Health & Education (DSHE) Act 1994

*supplements can be distributed & sold w/o Rx & are outside normal regulatory domain of FDA *neutraceuticals=dietary or nutritional supplements taken to benefit general hlth -FDA doesn't reg supplements the same as drugs & food

It is unlikely that athletes....

*use hGH alone -usually in combination w/ anabolic/androgenic hormones &/or other "performance enhancing" agents -frequently take multi supplements & doping agents in a "cocktail"

If the substance is in the athletes' body....

THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE

adrenal cortex steroids

cortisol & aldosterone

Catabolic

energy substrates

Amino acid derivatives

epinephrine

placenta steroids

estrogen

ovary steroids

estrogen & progesterone

Giantism

excessive GH production before puberty

anabolic

growth

hGH

human growth hormone

Dwarfism

inadequate GH production during childhood -body undersized

hyperplasia

increase in cell number -no change in size

hypertrophy

increase in cell size -no change in #

PRO or peptide hormones

insulin & growth hormone

testes steroids

testosterone

most documented hlth risk of hGH abuse are from....

using hGH for short time periods