Human nutrition unit 3

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Sulfur is a component of

.cysteine, Biotin, methionine.

What is the adult RDA for protein

0.8 g/kg

To prepare for a natural disaster, people should store at least ... gallon(s) of water per person per day

1

The toddler stage refers to a child who "toddles" when walking and is characteristic of children between _____ years of age

1 and 3

If a person loses 2 pounds of body weight following exercise, how much water should be consumed during the next bout of similar activity to maintain water balance

1.0 to 1.4 liters

Athletes may have higher protein requirements than the RDA. What is the recommended protein intake for moderate- and high-intensity physical activity

1.2-2.0 g/kg

An infant's protein need during the first 6 months of life is approximately _______ gm/kg body weight

1.5

An infant's calorie needs are about ______ kcal per kg body weight per day

108

The average adult male needs about ______ cups of water per day

15.5

What is the adult RDA for iodide

150 mcg/day

The AI for sodium in adults is

1500 mg/day

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50

18 mg/day

The percentage of American children between the ages of 2 and 19 who are obese is ______ percent

19%

... to ...g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight

1;4

If the difference between preexercise and postexercise body weights is more than ______ percent, fluid replacement is necessary during the activity

2

Minimally, how many day(s) per week should muscle strengthening be done

2

Strength training should be performed at least ... days per week

2

What percent of total energy intake should physically active people get from fat

20 - 35%

Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number

24

Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______

30

A sports drink is recommended when exercise lasts at least

30 minutes.

When should complementary foods be introduced to an infant

4-6 months of age

The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day

40

I weigh 50 kg, what is my RDA for protein

40 g

The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between

40-60%.

The UL for selenium is ... µg/day

400

The adult RDA for magnesium is ______ milligrams per day for adult men (>30 years of age) and about ______ milligrams per day for adult women (>30 years of age)

420; 310

Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese

50%

Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water

50-75%

A 150-pound athlete's pre-event meal should provide ______ g of carbohydrate

70-300

Adults who to perform vigorous activities for exercise should engage for at least ... minutes per week

75

In a strength training workout, the individual should perform a minimum of ... exercises to strengthen the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body

8

The male RDA for iron is ______ and the female (between 19 and 20 years of age) RDA for iron is ______

8 mg/day; 18 mg/day

A food that is no longer wholesome, pure, or safe for human consumption, is called

A contaminated food

How long can a human survive without water

A few days

Choose the statements that are true about bulimia nervosa (BN)

A person with BN often feels ashamed about their behavior and tries to hide it, A person with BN is difficult to identify by appearance, A person with BN can be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.

... is not one of the major signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia

A weakened immune system

When working muscles metabolize glucose anaerobically, a build-up of ... can inhibit activities of key enzymes, slow anaerobic ATP production, and cause short-term fatigue

Acidity

The period in which a child becomes capable of reproduction is the ... life stage

Adolescent

Certain molds produce ________, a substance that might cause severe illness, particularly liver damage

Aflatoxins

Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension

African Americans

The following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______

Age, Height, weight

To find your age-related maximal heart rate, subtract your ... from ...

Age; 220

People who exercise regularly have a reduced risk for ______

Alzheimer's disease, Hypertension, many types of cancers

Age-related dementia includes ________

Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, parkinson's disease

The most common form of degenerative age-related dementia among older Americans is

Alzheimers disease

What are the most serious health outcomes for a person who exhibits all of the signs of the female athlete triad

Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis, eating disorders

Muscle cells use a small amount of ... to make energy used for muscular contraction

Amino acid

A drug that is taken to increase muscle tissue by working similar to the male sex hormone testosterone is called a(n)

Anabolic steroid

Which eating disorder has the highest mortality

Anorexia nervosa

Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body

Antioxidant

A person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shaped

Apple, Pear

Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet

Apples

Single celled microorganisms that are a common food-borne pathogen are

Bacteria

Energy ... occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditure

Balance

The medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known as

Bariatric

Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron

Beef Steak

________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a result

Belviq

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity

Bioelectrical impedance

The most notable prion disease is

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium

Broccoli

Various environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations. The ________ refers to the buildings, roads, parks, supermarkets, and restaurants in a community that can impact the likelihood that those living in the community will walk, bike, and engage in physical activity

Built environment

For most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for...

Calcium

The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is

Calcium

The most plentiful mineral in the body is

Calcium

Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults

Calcium

Body size, gender and physical activity are factors used to determine the amount of __________ that a child needs

Calories

Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the following

Cancer, Heart disease

What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during maximal exercise, such as hard cycling

Carbohydrate

The primary fuels for cellular activity are

Carbs and fats

The two types of protein found in milk are

Casein and whey

Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ______ metabolism

Cellular

Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesium

Chlorophyll

What summarizes the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "Check Your Steps!" Program

Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill

What are some actions an individual may take to ensure food quality when mold is found on food

Completely cut out the moldy portions of the food.

Symptoms of hyponatremia include

Confusion, Seizures, headaches.

Pathogens, insect parts, residues of compounds used to kill insects that destroy food crops, and metal fragments from food-processing equipment are all considered a ______ if found in a food

Contaminant

Sources of aflatoxins include

Corn, tree nuts, peanuts

Which of the following are functions of zinc

DNA synthesis, Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes

... theories have the premise that organs simply wear out with use and abuse

Damage or error

As the body ages, the need for energy

Deceases

due to fluid losses

Dehydration

Choose possible side effects of diuretics medications

Dehydration, dizziness

The decline in mental functioning often seen with advanced age that affects daily living is called

Dementia

Discontinuing an exercise program results in ______

Detraining

Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in

Diarrhea, lowered HDL cholesterol levels, depressed immune system function.

Factors of energy output include

Digestion, Physical Activity, Metabolism

Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it

Dilute

... methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools

Direct

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia

Dizziness, Coldness of hands and feet, shortness of breath, pale skin

Which of the following reasons are why one must limit apple juice consumption in children under six years of age

Due to high use in instecicides in farming process

The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the

Duodenum.

When should an athlete consume a sports beverages

During physical activities lasting more than 30-60 minutes, When exercising in excessive heat and humidity, When participating in high-intensity activities.

Psychological disturbances that can lead to abnormal food-related behaviors and subsequent dangerous physiological complications are called ... ...

Eating Disorders

Binge-eating disorder, Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa are all examples of

Eating disorders

Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called

Electrolytes and ions

Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation

Energy input = Energy output

Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________

Energy metabolism

Which functions of iron are associated with optimizing athletic performance

Energy production, Oxygen transport, Red blood cell production

The process of food irradiation preserves food by using a high amount of

Energy.

What agency regulates tap water

Environment Protection Agency

Neighborhood safety, proximity of restaurants and shopping, and availability of parks, trails, and fitness centers are all _____ factors that contribute to a person's ability to be physically active

Environmental

Recall that selenium is a component of several

Enzymes.

Adult height is reached when the

Epiphyseal plates close

Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum

Essential, trace

Low energy availability is associated with a(an)

Estrogen deficiency

Variables that determine an athlete's energy needs include all of the following except ________

Ethnicity

The "sing-test" is used to easily determine what in regards to what in training

Exercise intensity, flexibility, muscle strength

What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during lower intensity exercise, such as weight-lifting

Fat (Lipid)

What type of tissue contains the least amount of water

Fat tissue

Athletes who don't consume sufficient calories can experience

Fatigue, loss of bone density, muscle mass loss.

People with hypothyroidism may experience ______

Fatigue, weight gain, reduced metabolic rate

A food preservation method used to produce foods like yogurt, wine, cheese and sauerkraut is

Fermentation.

... is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption

Ferritin

According to national surveys, approximately ________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2015-2016

Find out

________ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptying

Find out

Fine motor skills involve the ability to control the movements of the

Fingers.

Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of ________

Fluoride

What are some benefits of food additives

Food additives may be used to prevent enzymes from causing undesirable changes, Food additives may be used to limit the growth of food-borne illness causing bacteria.

An infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food is called a

Food-borne illness

Which of the following increases iron bioavailability

Foods rich in Vitamin C

The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is

Fortified salt

Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods

Fruits and vegetables

Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groups

Fruits, Vegetables, Protein, Dairy, Grains

What can an individual do to see if their genes have a greater influence on their weight

Get a genetic risk score

Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations

Ghrelin

When the fluid pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye is higher than normal, ______ occurs

Glaucoma

Athletes can consume sports drinks, candy, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and fruit or fruit juices to restore ... stores quickly following an athletic event

Glucose

Sports drinks are a convenient way to add ______ during lengthy and vigorous physical activities

Glucose

What is the function of Chromium

Glucose regulation, Enhances the effect of insulin

Under normal conditions, most muscles use mostly which nutrients as an energy source

Glucose, Fatty acids

... is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency

Goiter

An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________

Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.

Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights

Greater

Proper nutrition is critical during infancy in order to support rapid ... and development

Growth

Which of the following is highly perishable due to the concentration of pathogens on the outside and inside

Hamburger

The condition that develops as the heart becomes too weak to pump adequate blood throughout the body is called

Heart failure

After the infancy period, at routine medical check-ups,what continues to be monitored as an important indicator of a youngster's health status

Height and weight

When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______

Height, Weight, age

Female athletes have a _______ risk of disordered eating practices compared to males and females who do not participate in sports

Higher

Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures

Hip bones, Ankle bones, Wrist bones, Vertebrae

The term that describes the body's water status is called

Hydration

A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______

Hypertension

Identify the health problems associated with excess weight

Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVD

The rapid loss of electrolytes and fluids due to purging in bulimia nervosa can cause low blood levels of potassium, a condition known as

Hypokalemia

The focus of sports nutrition is on which of the following

Improving athletic performance, Supporting recovery following a training session

The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017

Increased

What are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routine

Increased range of motion, Decreased risk of injury

The length of time a pathogen grows and multiplies in food or the digestive tract is called the _____ period

Incubation

Consuming high amounts of the ... form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer

Inorganic

Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells

Insulin

What is the best food source for iodide

Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp

In what country was Zinc deficiency first discovered

Iran

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________

Iron

Athletic performance suffers when one is deficient in

Iron, Water, calories.

Choose the techniques that are recommended when storing foods to prevent food-borne illness

Keep the refrigerator as cold as possible without freezing milk or lettuce, Cook raw fish, shellfish, and poultry the day they are purchased or freeze immediately, Chill or freeze hot foods immediately, it is not necessary to let hot foods cool before freezing.

A person who is overfat will weigh ... underwater compared to a person who is lean

Less

High-acidic foods have a ______ risk of containing the botulimum microorganism

Lesser

What is the term for the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live

Life expectancy

Liz is a triathlete competing in the Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii. The weather is hot and humid and Liz is beginning to exhibit signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of heat exhaustion

Light-headedness or dizziness

Choose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss

Lipase inhibitor

Chromium is important for the metabolism and storage of ______

Lipid, Carbohydrate, protein

What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common

Maintaining fluid balance.

Once a person achieves his/her goals, they will move into the ______ stage of exercise

Maintenance

Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals

Major

... toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease

Manganese

Which statement concerning the GRAS list is true

Manufacturers can include items on the GRAS list as ingredients without testing them for safety.

What is the main source of heme iron

Meat

Good dietary sources of phosphorus include

Meat, dairy.

A girl will not experience _____ until she has about 17% body fat

Menarche

The onset of the first menstrual cycle for female adolescents is called

Menarche

Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids

Methionine and cysteine

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium

Milk, Cheese, Yogurt

Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase

Molybdenum

Athletes need _______ energy compared to non athletes to support their active lifestyles

More

Binge-eating disorder may be ________ common than anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa

More

Children are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant

More

People with a mother or sister with anorexia nervosa are ______ likely to develop an eating disorder themselves

More

Which of the following is not a factor that are related to the mother's health during pregnancy

Mother's daily exercise regimen during pregnancy

A disordered eating pattern that is characterized by an unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too thin or not muscular enough is called

Muscle dysmorphia

An increase in muscle acidity results in

Muscle fatigue

An eating disorder characterized by food binges occurring after the evening meal and/or when the person awakens from sleep during the night is called

Night eating disorder

Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements

No

... is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat

Obesity

Because people with binge-eating disorder do not purge, their risk for _______ increases

Obesity

Which age group is one of the fastest-growing segments of the United States population

Oldest age

______ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water; whereas, ______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat

Overweight; Obesity

As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balance

Parkinson's disease

A neurological disorder that can cause dementia and that leads to the loss of muscle function, tremors, stiffness and impaired balance is called

Parkinsons disease

Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission

Potassium, Calcium, sodium

Select food sources for chromium

Potatoes, Broccoli, Whole-grain Bread

When an athlete takes branched-chain amino acids he or she can expect all of the following effects EXCEPT ________

Preventing dehydration

Which of the following is not a major biological fuel

Protein

Which factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorder

Psychological, Genetic, social

A professional that plays a critical role in the treatment of eating disorders is a ______

Psychologist, registered dietitian, medical doctor

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by

Purging, binge eating.

How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)

RMR is higher

A person's ... is about 10% higher than his or her ...

RMR, BMR

... is a normal physiological change associated with aging

Reduced estrogen production

Which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults

Reduced mobility and flexibility, loss of teeth, depression.

Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in

Regulating fluid balance

What is the best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exercise

Rest, High-carbohydrate diet

If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood for developing goiter

San Diego, CA

The loss of muscle mass that often occurs in older adults is called

Sarcopenia

The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called

Satiety

Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals

Selenium, Iron, Zinc, copper

Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______

Selenoproteins

Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as

Selenosis

... refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to disease that occurs after a person reaches physical maturity

Senescence

What can help improve nutrient intakes of older persons

Serve foods in sunny, well-lit areas, Try new foods and ways of preparing food, Emphasize nutrient dense food when menu planning.

Food-borne illness causing microbes are often found in

Sewage, Air, Water, soil.

Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the

Skeleton.

George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ________ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it

Sleeve gastrectomy

Which habit practiced during pregnancy is associated with the development of obesity during childhood

Smoking

Damage or error theories suggest that organs tire and wear out due to damage resulting in part from

Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, consuming a poor diet.

Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in ________

Sodium

Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________

Sodium

Which of the following is the best source of magnesium

Spinach

People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ... fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason

Spontaneous

Nutrition that focuses on applying nutrition principles and research findings to improve athletic performance and recovery is referred to as _______ nutrition

Sports

What is a convenient way to add a source of glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activity

Sports drinks

In order to maintain adequate stores of glycogen, an athlete should eat severals servings per day of which of the following foods

Starchy vegetables, Fruits, Whole grains, Dairy

All of the following will increase an individual's BMR except ______

Starvation

Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal

Stops

Healthy adults should participate in which of the following activities

Strength-training, Aerobic, neuromotor exercise, flexibility exercise

Choose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rate

Stress, post-exercise recovery, lactation

nvoluntary muscle spasms usually affect the back, abdominal, or calf muscles. The recommended treatment for these painful cramps include resting, drinking juice or a sports drink, massaging and _____ the affected muscles

Stretching

________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises

Subcutaneous

What is the main purpose of adding carbohydrate to sport drinks

Supplies glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activity

Activities are classified as physical activity or exercise. Which of the following examples of movements are classified as physical activity

Sweeping the kitchen floor, Shopping for groceries

Which statements are true about the Norovirus infection

Symptoms may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea.

Low-acidic foods should be boiled for at least ______ minutes to safely destroy the Clostridium botulinum

Ten

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.

In order for an individual to maintain an exercise regimen it helps if ________

The exercise is built into a daily routine

The recommended fat intake of 20 to 35% of energy is ______ for athletes compared to the general population

The same

Select the primary function of iodine

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Why are oxidative vitamins important

To protect the body against oxidative stress and damage.

Excellent sources of chloride include

Tomatoes, Celery, seaweed.

... minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day

Trace

True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine

True

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving

Tuna, 3 oz

The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called ... ...

Underwater Weighing

The NCAA monitors the use of ergogenic aids through random ... testing

Urine

What is the primary avenue for excess water to be removed from the body

Urine output

Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrients

Vanadium, Arsenic, Nickel

The condition that damages brain tissue and occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced is called

Vascular dementia

In the United States older adults often consume less than the recommended servings of

Vegetables, fruits.

The two major pathogens responsible for most cases of food-borne illnesses are

Viruses and bacteria

What are the major kinds of pathogens

Viruses, Bacteria, protozoa

________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs

Visceral

Which of the following is the best example of unstructured physical activity

Walking to class

Which part of the exercise program is designed to increase your joints' range of motion and may decrease your risk of injury

Warm-up

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________

Water intoxication

Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI

Weight, Height

When is raw fish safe to eat

When it is very fresh before being commercially frozen and then thawed.

Which of the following statements about whey protein is false

Whey protein supplements may enhance exercise recovery and increase muscle protein synthesis in resistance athletes.

Zinc is necessary for which of the following

Wound healing

Athletes that participate in a sport that emphasize small, lean bodies or requires "making weight" such as _______ are at increased risk of developing an eating disorder

Wrestling, gymnastics

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiency

Zinc

The RDA for iron is highest for

a 30-year-old woman.

To survive and multiply, most microbes need ______, and some require oxygen

a source of nutrients, Moisture, warmth

The hypokalemia observed in people suffering from bulimia nervosa can be caused by

abuse of diuretics, self-induced vomiting.

Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt

added during food preparation, added during to food during processing, added to cooked meals at the table.

Older adults consume more ______ than recommended

added sugars, solid fats, sodium

The ability of your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to muscles is called

aerobic capacity.

VO2 max is also known as

aerobic capacity.

The base of the physical activity pyramid includes activities of daily living. What makes up the second tier (directly above the triangle base) of the physical activity pyramid

aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise

Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the diet

all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet

Enduring fitness plans include

an exercise buddy, variety.

Sarcopenia is associated with ______ in older adults

an increased risk of falls, reduced mobility, poor quality of life

Chromium levels in plant foods

are reflective of chromium content in the soil.

When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______

are relatively inexpensive, involve minimal equipment

People with muscle dysmorphia

are usually male, are often body builders, exercise obsessively.

Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods

baked beans, roast beef

Individuals who are involved in occupations that focus on thinness such as __________ have an increased risk of developing an eating disorder

ballet dancing, Acting, fashion modeling

Many older Americans take a calcium supplement

because it is difficult to meet calcium requirements by eating food, to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.

What are the three main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose

binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is not a function of water within the body

bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body

Roles for calcium in the body include

bone and teeth formation, blood clot formation, muscle contraction.

Manganese supports enzymes that assist in

bone formation, wound healing, metabolism.

The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called

bone mineralization

Which of the following foods contain goitrogens

brussels sprouts, Cauliflower, cabbage

Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of

calcium-binding protein, Vitamin D.

What are roles of iron within the human body

carrying oxygen, neurological function, immune function, part of many enzymes

Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism

caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue, associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity, testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain

Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should

choose more fruits and vegetables.

Choose the two classic characteristics of binge eating disorder

consume a large amount of food over a brief period, does not include purging behavior

How do athletes ensure they are consuming enough carbohydrates to maintain liver and muscle glycogen stores

consume several servings of fruits and vegetables daily, consume several servings of dairy daily, consume several servings of grains daily

The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______

coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis

The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______

energy output

Parathyroid hormone ________

enhances the body's ability to retain calcium

The amount of water a person needs to consume is determined by

environmental temperatures, health conditions, dietary choices, physical activities.

An intense fear of gaining weight compels people with anorexia nervosa to

fast frequently, diet frequently, exercise excessively.

The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when

fluid intake is limited, fluid loss is great.

Choose signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa

frequent heartburn, chronic sore throat, worn tooth enamel

Roles for phosphorus in the body include

generating ATP, synthesizing DNA, regulating acid-base balance.

What should you do if you experience painful muscle spasms

gently stretch and massage the affected muscle, rest the muscle, drink juice or a sports drink

Consuming several servings of whole grains, dairy foods, starchy vegetables and fruits each day will maintain adequate stores of _____________ in the liver and muscle

glycogen

Some characteristics of bacteria are that they

grow in a neutral pH, prefer warm temperatures.

Athletes who restrict their consumption of dairy products may ______

have weak bones that fracture easily, be at risk for osteoporosis later in life

People with hypertension are at an increased risk of

heart disease, kidney failure, stroke.

Choose the roles played by vitamins and minerals

hemoglobin formation, cofactors involved in energy metabolism, bone health, immune function

Iron is an important component of

hemoglobin in blood cells.

Choose the milestone activities that occur within the first six months of life

holds head without support, grasps objects with palms of hands, sits with back support

What mechanisms make energy balance complex

hormone levels influence weight loss, metabolic rates differ, adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person

The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______

hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)

The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ...

hydroxyapatite

Drinking too much water, resulting in diluting blood sodium can cause

hyponatremia.

Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets

insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypertension

The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ...

ions

Which of the following is not considered a health benefit associated with regular physical activity

irregular sleeping cycles

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

it does not sustain life, it is not require for growth.

In order to diagnose a patient with anorexia nervosa, the doctor needs to determine if the patients weight is

less than "minimally normal".

Which of the following are functions of water

major solvent, regulate body temperature, transport nutrients

Choose the true statements about mindfulness

may reduce emotional eating, has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss, involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices

Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was

meat.

Physiological consequences of low estrogen levels include

menstrual disturbances, reduced bone mass.

Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include

metabolic rate, hormone production, body frame

Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation

mindful eating practices, physical activity, healthy sleep

Central-body obesity is

more common in men, symbolic of extra visceral fat stores, sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape.

Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper

more than

Potassium is needed by the body for

nerve transmission, muscle contraction.

What are roles of iron within the human body

neurological function, part of many enzymes, carrying oxygen, immune function

The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as

nonheme iron.

Positive factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include

parents serving fresh fruit with snacks.

Factors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ______

periods of growth, tall stature, caffeine

The primary source of fat to fuel activity is

plasma FFAs, intramuscular triglycerides.

Choose roles of insulin in energy balance

promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis in fat cells, promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver

What role does an RDN have when treating a person with an eating disorder

provide appropriate medical nutrition therapy, teach healthy eating patterns, answer patient questions about nutrition and food

Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that

reduce thyroid production.

Energy needs decline with advancing age due to

reduced metabolic rate, reduced physical activity.

Regular physical activity has health benefits that include ______

reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, weight control, managing symptoms of depression

How can people increase their chances of keeping most of their teeth

regular dental care, follow recommended dental hygiene practices, avoiding tobacco products

Choose the true statements about anabolic steroids

regulated by the FDA and Drug Enforcement Administration, pose serious health risks, mimic the action of the male hormone testosterone

What are the tasks performed by the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition to protect the U.S. food supply

regulates nearly all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce, enforces federal food safety laws

Weak bones that fracture easily and having an increased risk for osteoporosis are possible outcomes of ______

restricting consumption of dairy products, low calcium intake, low vitamin D intake

The nutrient-related reflexes that help an infant to obtain liquids are the

rooting reflex, extrusion reflex, suck reflex.

The reflex that enables an infant to turn its head and open its mouth if its cheek is stroked is the

rooting reflex.

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine

saltwater fish, Seaweed, milk

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by

self-imposed starvation, becoming emaciated.

People with anorexia nervosa

severely restrict their food intake, have distorted body images.

Which of the following is associated with disordered eating

skipping meals or following fad diets, concerns about body image

Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation

sleep deprivation, high stress, hormonal imbalance

"Hitting the wall" is a term to describe ________

someone has essentially run out of available carbohydrates for energy

Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on

successful weight loss.

The major source of chloride in the American diet is

table salt

Negative factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include

television advertisements for carbonated beverages.

Vitamin D needs are increased in older adults because

the activation of a vitamin D precursor decreases, they do not usually obtain sufficient sun exposure.

Night eating syndrome is characterized by

the belief that one can only fall asleep after a large meal, waking during the night to binge eat, sleep disturbances.

The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when

the body is deficient in magnesium.

Ground meat is often contaminated with microbes because

the grinding process increases the surface area, the grinding process mixes in pathogens from the surface throughout the meat.

Low vitamin B-12 status is common in older adults because

they absorb less vitamin B-12.

Older adults may have an increased risk of developing protein malnutrition if

they are physically unable to shop or cook, they live alone, they have a limited income.

Major minerals are called major because

they are stored in the body in larger quantities, they are needed in greater dietary amounts.

Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body

through the production of urine

What are common nutrition-related problems that affect preschool children

too little potassium, dental caries, too much sodium

How are minerals classified

trace minerals, major minerals

Functions for chloride in the body include

transmission of nerve impulses, Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid base balance.

Choose the serious health problems that are associated with obesity

vascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome

The status of ______ is commonly low in older adults

vitamin B-12

The correct term that describes the gradual process of shifting from breast- or bottle-feeding to eating solid foods is called

weaning

Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process

weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses, weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding

Which of the following are good sources of copper

whole grains, Seeds, organ meats

Food-borne illnesses are typically caused by eating foods

with microbes or their toxic by-product.

Choose the functions of iron

wound healing, Growth, energy metabolism, immune function, reproduction

Choose the functions of manganese

wound healing, Metabolism, antioxidant function, bone and cartilage formation

Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine

young American women


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