Human nutrition unit 3
Sulfur is a component of
.cysteine, Biotin, methionine.
What is the adult RDA for protein
0.8 g/kg
To prepare for a natural disaster, people should store at least ... gallon(s) of water per person per day
1
The toddler stage refers to a child who "toddles" when walking and is characteristic of children between _____ years of age
1 and 3
If a person loses 2 pounds of body weight following exercise, how much water should be consumed during the next bout of similar activity to maintain water balance
1.0 to 1.4 liters
Athletes may have higher protein requirements than the RDA. What is the recommended protein intake for moderate- and high-intensity physical activity
1.2-2.0 g/kg
An infant's protein need during the first 6 months of life is approximately _______ gm/kg body weight
1.5
An infant's calorie needs are about ______ kcal per kg body weight per day
108
The average adult male needs about ______ cups of water per day
15.5
What is the adult RDA for iodide
150 mcg/day
The AI for sodium in adults is
1500 mg/day
What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50
18 mg/day
The percentage of American children between the ages of 2 and 19 who are obese is ______ percent
19%
... to ...g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight
1;4
If the difference between preexercise and postexercise body weights is more than ______ percent, fluid replacement is necessary during the activity
2
Minimally, how many day(s) per week should muscle strengthening be done
2
Strength training should be performed at least ... days per week
2
What percent of total energy intake should physically active people get from fat
20 - 35%
Angela weighs 61 kg and is 1.6 meters tall. Calculate her BMI, rounding to the nearest whole number
24
Andy weighs 220 pounds and is 6 feet tall. His BMI reading would be about ______
30
A sports drink is recommended when exercise lasts at least
30 minutes.
When should complementary foods be introduced to an infant
4-6 months of age
The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day
40
I weigh 50 kg, what is my RDA for protein
40 g
The absorption of magnesium usually ranges from between
40-60%.
The UL for selenium is ... µg/day
400
The adult RDA for magnesium is ______ milligrams per day for adult men (>30 years of age) and about ______ milligrams per day for adult women (>30 years of age)
420; 310
Between 2017 and 2018, approximately ______ of American adults over age 20 years were either obese or extremely obese
50%
Depending on a person's unique body composition roughly what percentage of body weight is contributed by water
50-75%
A 150-pound athlete's pre-event meal should provide ______ g of carbohydrate
70-300
Adults who to perform vigorous activities for exercise should engage for at least ... minutes per week
75
In a strength training workout, the individual should perform a minimum of ... exercises to strengthen the major muscle groups of the upper and lower body
8
The male RDA for iron is ______ and the female (between 19 and 20 years of age) RDA for iron is ______
8 mg/day; 18 mg/day
A food that is no longer wholesome, pure, or safe for human consumption, is called
A contaminated food
How long can a human survive without water
A few days
Choose the statements that are true about bulimia nervosa (BN)
A person with BN often feels ashamed about their behavior and tries to hide it, A person with BN is difficult to identify by appearance, A person with BN can be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.
... is not one of the major signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
A weakened immune system
When working muscles metabolize glucose anaerobically, a build-up of ... can inhibit activities of key enzymes, slow anaerobic ATP production, and cause short-term fatigue
Acidity
The period in which a child becomes capable of reproduction is the ... life stage
Adolescent
Certain molds produce ________, a substance that might cause severe illness, particularly liver damage
Aflatoxins
Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest risk of hypertension
African Americans
The following factor(s) can affect actual energy requirements ______
Age, Height, weight
To find your age-related maximal heart rate, subtract your ... from ...
Age; 220
People who exercise regularly have a reduced risk for ______
Alzheimer's disease, Hypertension, many types of cancers
Age-related dementia includes ________
Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, parkinson's disease
The most common form of degenerative age-related dementia among older Americans is
Alzheimers disease
What are the most serious health outcomes for a person who exhibits all of the signs of the female athlete triad
Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis, eating disorders
Muscle cells use a small amount of ... to make energy used for muscular contraction
Amino acid
A drug that is taken to increase muscle tissue by working similar to the male sex hormone testosterone is called a(n)
Anabolic steroid
Which eating disorder has the highest mortality
Anorexia nervosa
Sulfur is essential to the functioning of glutathione which has ______ activity in the body
Antioxidant
A person with central-body obesity has a body that is ______ shaped and a person with lower-body fat distribution has a body that is ______ shaped
Apple, Pear
Which of the following is NOT a good source of phosphorus in the typical American diet
Apples
Single celled microorganisms that are a common food-borne pathogen are
Bacteria
Energy ... occurs when calorie intake matches calorie expenditure
Balance
The medical specialty that focuses on obesity treatment is known as
Bariatric
Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron
Beef Steak
________ alters the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, influencing satiety and reducing food intake as a result
Belviq
Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity
Bioelectrical impedance
The most notable prion disease is
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Which of the following foods is the best source of chromium
Broccoli
Various environmental factors contribute to whether or not an individual meets physical activity recommendations. The ________ refers to the buildings, roads, parks, supermarkets, and restaurants in a community that can impact the likelihood that those living in the community will walk, bike, and engage in physical activity
Built environment
For most Americans, milk products are significant food sources for...
Calcium
The mineral found in the body in the most abundance is
Calcium
The most plentiful mineral in the body is
Calcium
Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults
Calcium
Body size, gender and physical activity are factors used to determine the amount of __________ that a child needs
Calories
Evidence is inconclusive on the role of selenium-rich diets in lowering risk for which of the following
Cancer, Heart disease
What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during maximal exercise, such as hard cycling
Carbohydrate
The primary fuels for cellular activity are
Carbs and fats
The two types of protein found in milk are
Casein and whey
Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ______ metabolism
Cellular
Magnesium is a critical component in ______, making plants good food sources for magnesium
Chlorophyll
What summarizes the four rules set by the USDA as part of the "Check Your Steps!" Program
Clean, Separate, Cook, Chill
What are some actions an individual may take to ensure food quality when mold is found on food
Completely cut out the moldy portions of the food.
Symptoms of hyponatremia include
Confusion, Seizures, headaches.
Pathogens, insect parts, residues of compounds used to kill insects that destroy food crops, and metal fragments from food-processing equipment are all considered a ______ if found in a food
Contaminant
Sources of aflatoxins include
Corn, tree nuts, peanuts
Which of the following are functions of zinc
DNA synthesis, Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes
... theories have the premise that organs simply wear out with use and abuse
Damage or error
As the body ages, the need for energy
Deceases
due to fluid losses
Dehydration
Choose possible side effects of diuretics medications
Dehydration, dizziness
The decline in mental functioning often seen with advanced age that affects daily living is called
Dementia
Discontinuing an exercise program results in ______
Detraining
Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in
Diarrhea, lowered HDL cholesterol levels, depressed immune system function.
Factors of energy output include
Digestion, Physical Activity, Metabolism
Water moves from a region that is _____ to a region that has more material dissolved in it
Dilute
... methods of measuring energy expenditure are generally complex and require sophisticated laboratory tools
Direct
Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia
Dizziness, Coldness of hands and feet, shortness of breath, pale skin
Which of the following reasons are why one must limit apple juice consumption in children under six years of age
Due to high use in instecicides in farming process
The greatest proportion of calcium absorption occurs in the
Duodenum.
When should an athlete consume a sports beverages
During physical activities lasting more than 30-60 minutes, When exercising in excessive heat and humidity, When participating in high-intensity activities.
Psychological disturbances that can lead to abnormal food-related behaviors and subsequent dangerous physiological complications are called ... ...
Eating Disorders
Binge-eating disorder, Bulimia nervosa and Anorexia nervosa are all examples of
Eating disorders
Mineral elements that have electrical charges that help maintain fluid balance in the body are called
Electrolytes and ions
Which of the following best describes the energy balance equation
Energy input = Energy output
Sodium is involved in all of the following body functions EXCEPT ________
Energy metabolism
Which functions of iron are associated with optimizing athletic performance
Energy production, Oxygen transport, Red blood cell production
The process of food irradiation preserves food by using a high amount of
Energy.
What agency regulates tap water
Environment Protection Agency
Neighborhood safety, proximity of restaurants and shopping, and availability of parks, trails, and fitness centers are all _____ factors that contribute to a person's ability to be physically active
Environmental
Recall that selenium is a component of several
Enzymes.
Adult height is reached when the
Epiphyseal plates close
Which of the following terms best describe the mineral molybdenum
Essential, trace
Low energy availability is associated with a(an)
Estrogen deficiency
Variables that determine an athlete's energy needs include all of the following except ________
Ethnicity
The "sing-test" is used to easily determine what in regards to what in training
Exercise intensity, flexibility, muscle strength
What is the predominate fuel supplying energy during lower intensity exercise, such as weight-lifting
Fat (Lipid)
What type of tissue contains the least amount of water
Fat tissue
Athletes who don't consume sufficient calories can experience
Fatigue, loss of bone density, muscle mass loss.
People with hypothyroidism may experience ______
Fatigue, weight gain, reduced metabolic rate
A food preservation method used to produce foods like yogurt, wine, cheese and sauerkraut is
Fermentation.
... is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption
Ferritin
According to national surveys, approximately ________ of American adults over the age of 20 were either overweight or obese in 2015-2016
Find out
________ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. The hormone slows the digestive process by signaling the hypothalmus to reduce hunger and delaying gastric emptying
Find out
Fine motor skills involve the ability to control the movements of the
Fingers.
Angela is a 20-year-old college student. In addition to having a history of dental decay, she seems to break bones easily. Based on this information, Angela may need to increase her intake of ________
Fluoride
What are some benefits of food additives
Food additives may be used to prevent enzymes from causing undesirable changes, Food additives may be used to limit the growth of food-borne illness causing bacteria.
An infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food is called a
Food-borne illness
Which of the following increases iron bioavailability
Foods rich in Vitamin C
The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is
Fortified salt
Humans are able to make some water and to obtain it from which of the following types of foods
Fruits and vegetables
Each of the MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet. What are the five MyPlate food groups
Fruits, Vegetables, Protein, Dairy, Grains
What can an individual do to see if their genes have a greater influence on their weight
Get a genetic risk score
Which of the following hormones stimulates hunger sensations
Ghrelin
When the fluid pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye is higher than normal, ______ occurs
Glaucoma
Athletes can consume sports drinks, candy, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, and fruit or fruit juices to restore ... stores quickly following an athletic event
Glucose
Sports drinks are a convenient way to add ______ during lengthy and vigorous physical activities
Glucose
What is the function of Chromium
Glucose regulation, Enhances the effect of insulin
Under normal conditions, most muscles use mostly which nutrients as an energy source
Glucose, Fatty acids
... is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency
Goiter
An effective and comprehensive aerobic workout program ________
Gradually increases in duration and intensity of activities.
Obese individuals often have _______ medical care costs than people with healthy body weights
Greater
Proper nutrition is critical during infancy in order to support rapid ... and development
Growth
Which of the following is highly perishable due to the concentration of pathogens on the outside and inside
Hamburger
The condition that develops as the heart becomes too weak to pump adequate blood throughout the body is called
Heart failure
After the infancy period, at routine medical check-ups,what continues to be monitored as an important indicator of a youngster's health status
Height and weight
When calculating your estimated energy requirement, you will need to incorporate your ______
Height, Weight, age
Female athletes have a _______ risk of disordered eating practices compared to males and females who do not participate in sports
Higher
Which bones are most often subject to osteoporosis-related fractures
Hip bones, Ankle bones, Wrist bones, Vertebrae
The term that describes the body's water status is called
Hydration
A person with persistently elevated blood pressure is diagnosed with ______
Hypertension
Identify the health problems associated with excess weight
Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVD
The rapid loss of electrolytes and fluids due to purging in bulimia nervosa can cause low blood levels of potassium, a condition known as
Hypokalemia
The focus of sports nutrition is on which of the following
Improving athletic performance, Supporting recovery following a training session
The percentage of obese American adults has ______ from 2000 to 2017
Increased
What are the benefits of the warm-up prior to the start of an exercise routine
Increased range of motion, Decreased risk of injury
The length of time a pathogen grows and multiplies in food or the digestive tract is called the _____ period
Incubation
Consuming high amounts of the ... form of arsenic can cause health problems such as cancer
Inorganic
Which hormone promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis, and promotes the production of new fat cells
Insulin
What is the best food source for iodide
Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp
In what country was Zinc deficiency first discovered
Iran
Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads, and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate ________
Iron
Athletic performance suffers when one is deficient in
Iron, Water, calories.
Choose the techniques that are recommended when storing foods to prevent food-borne illness
Keep the refrigerator as cold as possible without freezing milk or lettuce, Cook raw fish, shellfish, and poultry the day they are purchased or freeze immediately, Chill or freeze hot foods immediately, it is not necessary to let hot foods cool before freezing.
A person who is overfat will weigh ... underwater compared to a person who is lean
Less
High-acidic foods have a ______ risk of containing the botulimum microorganism
Lesser
What is the term for the average length of time a person born in a specific year can expect to live
Life expectancy
Liz is a triathlete competing in the Ironman Triathlon in Hawaii. The weather is hot and humid and Liz is beginning to exhibit signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of heat exhaustion
Light-headedness or dizziness
Choose the weight-loss medication currently approved by FDA for weight loss
Lipase inhibitor
Chromium is important for the metabolism and storage of ______
Lipid, Carbohydrate, protein
What role in the body do sodium and potassium have in common
Maintaining fluid balance.
Once a person achieves his/her goals, they will move into the ______ stage of exercise
Maintenance
Calcium, sodium and potassium are examples of _____ minerals
Major
... toxicity can damage the nervous system and cause symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease
Manganese
Which statement concerning the GRAS list is true
Manufacturers can include items on the GRAS list as ingredients without testing them for safety.
What is the main source of heme iron
Meat
Good dietary sources of phosphorus include
Meat, dairy.
A girl will not experience _____ until she has about 17% body fat
Menarche
The onset of the first menstrual cycle for female adolescents is called
Menarche
Sulfur is a component of which two amino acids
Methionine and cysteine
Which of the following are good food sources of calcium
Milk, Cheese, Yogurt
Which of the following is a cofactor of four enzymes including sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase
Molybdenum
Athletes need _______ energy compared to non athletes to support their active lifestyles
More
Binge-eating disorder may be ________ common than anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
More
Children are ____ likely to become overweight or obese if their mothers were overfat prior to becoming pregnant
More
People with a mother or sister with anorexia nervosa are ______ likely to develop an eating disorder themselves
More
Which of the following is not a factor that are related to the mother's health during pregnancy
Mother's daily exercise regimen during pregnancy
A disordered eating pattern that is characterized by an unhealthy preoccupation with the body being too thin or not muscular enough is called
Muscle dysmorphia
An increase in muscle acidity results in
Muscle fatigue
An eating disorder characterized by food binges occurring after the evening meal and/or when the person awakens from sleep during the night is called
Night eating disorder
Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements
No
... is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat
Obesity
Because people with binge-eating disorder do not purge, their risk for _______ increases
Obesity
Which age group is one of the fastest-growing segments of the United States population
Oldest age
______ is considered having extra weight from bone, muscle, body fat and/or body water; whereas, ______ is a condition characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat
Overweight; Obesity
As a person ages their risk of ________ increases. This condition results in loss of muscle function, shaking, stiffness, and poor balance
Parkinson's disease
A neurological disorder that can cause dementia and that leads to the loss of muscle function, tremors, stiffness and impaired balance is called
Parkinsons disease
Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission
Potassium, Calcium, sodium
Select food sources for chromium
Potatoes, Broccoli, Whole-grain Bread
When an athlete takes branched-chain amino acids he or she can expect all of the following effects EXCEPT ________
Preventing dehydration
Which of the following is not a major biological fuel
Protein
Which factors can contribute to the development of an eating disorder
Psychological, Genetic, social
A professional that plays a critical role in the treatment of eating disorders is a ______
Psychologist, registered dietitian, medical doctor
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by
Purging, binge eating.
How is resting metabolic rate (RMR) different from basal metabolic rate (BMR)
RMR is higher
A person's ... is about 10% higher than his or her ...
RMR, BMR
... is a normal physiological change associated with aging
Reduced estrogen production
Which of the following factors contribute to reduced food intake among older adults
Reduced mobility and flexibility, loss of teeth, depression.
Chloride along with sodium plays an important role in
Regulating fluid balance
What is the best way to replenish glycogen stores following exhaustive exercise
Rest, High-carbohydrate diet
If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood for developing goiter
San Diego, CA
The loss of muscle mass that often occurs in older adults is called
Sarcopenia
The sense that enough food or beverages have been consumed to satisfy hunger is called
Satiety
Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals
Selenium, Iron, Zinc, copper
Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______
Selenoproteins
Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as
Selenosis
... refers to declining organ functioning and increased vulnerability to disease that occurs after a person reaches physical maturity
Senescence
What can help improve nutrient intakes of older persons
Serve foods in sunny, well-lit areas, Try new foods and ways of preparing food, Emphasize nutrient dense food when menu planning.
Food-borne illness causing microbes are often found in
Sewage, Air, Water, soil.
Most of the phosphorus in the body can be found in the
Skeleton.
George is a 5′ 8′′, 29-year-old man who weighs almost 350 pounds. To lose weight, he's tried calorie-restricted diets, fad diets, exercise programs, and appetite-suppressing pills without success. George wants to a permanent solution to treat his obesity. George's physician is likely to recommend a(n) ________ as the best way to help George lose a lot of weight and avoid regaining much of it
Sleeve gastrectomy
Which habit practiced during pregnancy is associated with the development of obesity during childhood
Smoking
Damage or error theories suggest that organs tire and wear out due to damage resulting in part from
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, consuming a poor diet.
Lola doesn't like to cook, so she eats fast food at least three times a week. When she doesn't eat fast food, she opens a can of soup and makes a ham and cheese sandwich. For snacks, she prefers processed cheese cubes, potato chips, and pretzels. Based on this information, her diet is very high in ________
Sodium
Pickled foods, canned soups, soy sauce, and deli (luncheon) meats contain high amounts of ________
Sodium
Which of the following is the best source of magnesium
Spinach
People with osteoporosis may break a bone by falling, or they may experience ... fractures, in which a fragile bone gives way for no apparent reason
Spontaneous
Nutrition that focuses on applying nutrition principles and research findings to improve athletic performance and recovery is referred to as _______ nutrition
Sports
What is a convenient way to add a source of glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activity
Sports drinks
In order to maintain adequate stores of glycogen, an athlete should eat severals servings per day of which of the following foods
Starchy vegetables, Fruits, Whole grains, Dairy
All of the following will increase an individual's BMR except ______
Starvation
Diffusion _____ when the concentrations of the material on either side of the plasma membrane are equal
Stops
Healthy adults should participate in which of the following activities
Strength-training, Aerobic, neuromotor exercise, flexibility exercise
Choose the factors that will increase a person's basal metabolic rate
Stress, post-exercise recovery, lactation
nvoluntary muscle spasms usually affect the back, abdominal, or calf muscles. The recommended treatment for these painful cramps include resting, drinking juice or a sports drink, massaging and _____ the affected muscles
Stretching
________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises
Subcutaneous
What is the main purpose of adding carbohydrate to sport drinks
Supplies glucose during lengthy and vigorous physical activity
Activities are classified as physical activity or exercise. Which of the following examples of movements are classified as physical activity
Sweeping the kitchen floor, Shopping for groceries
Which statements are true about the Norovirus infection
Symptoms may include vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea.
Low-acidic foods should be boiled for at least ______ minutes to safely destroy the Clostridium botulinum
Ten
What happens when the body has adequate iron stores
The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption.
In order for an individual to maintain an exercise regimen it helps if ________
The exercise is built into a daily routine
The recommended fat intake of 20 to 35% of energy is ______ for athletes compared to the general population
The same
Select the primary function of iodine
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Why are oxidative vitamins important
To protect the body against oxidative stress and damage.
Excellent sources of chloride include
Tomatoes, Celery, seaweed.
... minerals perform vital roles in the body although the body only requires consumption of less than 100mg/day
Trace
True or false: Most unusable substances in the body can dissolve in water and exit the body through the urine
True
Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving
Tuna, 3 oz
The technique used to measure the difference between the weight on a standard scale and that during submersion in water is called ... ...
Underwater Weighing
The NCAA monitors the use of ergogenic aids through random ... testing
Urine
What is the primary avenue for excess water to be removed from the body
Urine output
Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body but since their roles are not clear, they have not been classified as essential nutrients
Vanadium, Arsenic, Nickel
The condition that damages brain tissue and occurs when the blood supply to the brain is reduced is called
Vascular dementia
In the United States older adults often consume less than the recommended servings of
Vegetables, fruits.
The two major pathogens responsible for most cases of food-borne illnesses are
Viruses and bacteria
What are the major kinds of pathogens
Viruses, Bacteria, protozoa
________ fat is located deep within the abdominal region and protects digestive organs
Visceral
Which of the following is the best example of unstructured physical activity
Walking to class
Which part of the exercise program is designed to increase your joints' range of motion and may decrease your risk of injury
Warm-up
Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________
Water intoxication
Which two variables are used to calculate a person's BMI
Weight, Height
When is raw fish safe to eat
When it is very fresh before being commercially frozen and then thawed.
Which of the following statements about whey protein is false
Whey protein supplements may enhance exercise recovery and increase muscle protein synthesis in resistance athletes.
Zinc is necessary for which of the following
Wound healing
Athletes that participate in a sport that emphasize small, lean bodies or requires "making weight" such as _______ are at increased risk of developing an eating disorder
Wrestling, gymnastics
A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiency
Zinc
The RDA for iron is highest for
a 30-year-old woman.
To survive and multiply, most microbes need ______, and some require oxygen
a source of nutrients, Moisture, warmth
The hypokalemia observed in people suffering from bulimia nervosa can be caused by
abuse of diuretics, self-induced vomiting.
Most of the sodium in the American diet comes from salt
added during food preparation, added during to food during processing, added to cooked meals at the table.
Older adults consume more ______ than recommended
added sugars, solid fats, sodium
The ability of your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen to muscles is called
aerobic capacity.
VO2 max is also known as
aerobic capacity.
The base of the physical activity pyramid includes activities of daily living. What makes up the second tier (directly above the triangle base) of the physical activity pyramid
aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, flexibility exercise
Which MyPlate food group does not contribute minerals to the diet
all MyPlate food groups contribute minerals to the diet
Enduring fitness plans include
an exercise buddy, variety.
Sarcopenia is associated with ______ in older adults
an increased risk of falls, reduced mobility, poor quality of life
Chromium levels in plant foods
are reflective of chromium content in the soil.
When compared to direct methods of measuring energy expenditure, indirect methods ______
are relatively inexpensive, involve minimal equipment
People with muscle dysmorphia
are usually male, are often body builders, exercise obsessively.
Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods
baked beans, roast beef
Individuals who are involved in occupations that focus on thinness such as __________ have an increased risk of developing an eating disorder
ballet dancing, Acting, fashion modeling
Many older Americans take a calcium supplement
because it is difficult to meet calcium requirements by eating food, to prevent the onset of osteoporosis.
What are the three main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose
binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
Which of the following is not a function of water within the body
bodily fluids provide a source of energy to the body
Roles for calcium in the body include
bone and teeth formation, blood clot formation, muscle contraction.
Manganese supports enzymes that assist in
bone formation, wound healing, metabolism.
The process by which bone tissue gains strength and rigidity is called
bone mineralization
Which of the following foods contain goitrogens
brussels sprouts, Cauliflower, cabbage
Calcium absorption in the small intestine is achieved with the help of
calcium-binding protein, Vitamin D.
What are roles of iron within the human body
carrying oxygen, neurological function, immune function, part of many enzymes
Choose the true statements about hypothyroidism
caused by the autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue, associated with reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, and increased risk of overweight and obesity, testing should be done for individuals with an unexplained weight gain
Ted would like to lower his blood pressure by making a few dietary changes. If Ted aims to increase his potassium intake, he should
choose more fruits and vegetables.
Choose the two classic characteristics of binge eating disorder
consume a large amount of food over a brief period, does not include purging behavior
How do athletes ensure they are consuming enough carbohydrates to maintain liver and muscle glycogen stores
consume several servings of fruits and vegetables daily, consume several servings of dairy daily, consume several servings of grains daily
The most costly conditions associated with obesity include ______
coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, arthritis
The calories that cells use to carry out their activities is called ______
energy output
Parathyroid hormone ________
enhances the body's ability to retain calcium
The amount of water a person needs to consume is determined by
environmental temperatures, health conditions, dietary choices, physical activities.
An intense fear of gaining weight compels people with anorexia nervosa to
fast frequently, diet frequently, exercise excessively.
The kidneys produce smaller amounts of urine when
fluid intake is limited, fluid loss is great.
Choose signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa
frequent heartburn, chronic sore throat, worn tooth enamel
Roles for phosphorus in the body include
generating ATP, synthesizing DNA, regulating acid-base balance.
What should you do if you experience painful muscle spasms
gently stretch and massage the affected muscle, rest the muscle, drink juice or a sports drink
Consuming several servings of whole grains, dairy foods, starchy vegetables and fruits each day will maintain adequate stores of _____________ in the liver and muscle
glycogen
Some characteristics of bacteria are that they
grow in a neutral pH, prefer warm temperatures.
Athletes who restrict their consumption of dairy products may ______
have weak bones that fracture easily, be at risk for osteoporosis later in life
People with hypertension are at an increased risk of
heart disease, kidney failure, stroke.
Choose the roles played by vitamins and minerals
hemoglobin formation, cofactors involved in energy metabolism, bone health, immune function
Iron is an important component of
hemoglobin in blood cells.
Choose the milestone activities that occur within the first six months of life
holds head without support, grasps objects with palms of hands, sits with back support
What mechanisms make energy balance complex
hormone levels influence weight loss, metabolic rates differ, adaptive thermogenesis and NEAT vary from person to person
The method of estimating total body fat by weighing the individual on a standard scale and then weighing him or her submerged in water is known as ______
hydrostatic weighing (underwater weighing)
The crystalline structure composed of calcium and phosphorus used for bone formation is called ...
hydroxyapatite
Drinking too much water, resulting in diluting blood sodium can cause
hyponatremia.
Which of the following diseases or conditions are positively affected by calcium rich diets
insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, hypertension
The body maintains fluid balance by controlling in each compartment the concentration of ...
ions
Which of the following is not considered a health benefit associated with regular physical activity
irregular sleeping cycles
Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because
it does not sustain life, it is not require for growth.
In order to diagnose a patient with anorexia nervosa, the doctor needs to determine if the patients weight is
less than "minimally normal".
Which of the following are functions of water
major solvent, regulate body temperature, transport nutrients
Choose the true statements about mindfulness
may reduce emotional eating, has been shown to be moderately effective for weight loss, involves formal meditation practice and informal daily mindfulness practices
Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened breads. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was
meat.
Physiological consequences of low estrogen levels include
menstrual disturbances, reduced bone mass.
Genetic factors that can play a role in the development of obesity include
metabolic rate, hormone production, body frame
Choose factors that decrease body fat accumulation
mindful eating practices, physical activity, healthy sleep
Central-body obesity is
more common in men, symbolic of extra visceral fat stores, sometimes described as having an "apple" body shape.
Americans typically consume ______ the RDA of 0.9 mg/day for copper
more than
Potassium is needed by the body for
nerve transmission, muscle contraction.
What are roles of iron within the human body
neurological function, part of many enzymes, carrying oxygen, immune function
The type of iron found in plant foods is referred to as
nonheme iron.
Positive factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include
parents serving fresh fruit with snacks.
Factors that increase a person's basal metabolic rate include ______
periods of growth, tall stature, caffeine
The primary source of fat to fuel activity is
plasma FFAs, intramuscular triglycerides.
Choose roles of insulin in energy balance
promotes glucose and fatty acid uptake, inhibits lipolysis in fat cells, promotes triglyceride synthesis in the liver
What role does an RDN have when treating a person with an eating disorder
provide appropriate medical nutrition therapy, teach healthy eating patterns, answer patient questions about nutrition and food
Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that
reduce thyroid production.
Energy needs decline with advancing age due to
reduced metabolic rate, reduced physical activity.
Regular physical activity has health benefits that include ______
reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, weight control, managing symptoms of depression
How can people increase their chances of keeping most of their teeth
regular dental care, follow recommended dental hygiene practices, avoiding tobacco products
Choose the true statements about anabolic steroids
regulated by the FDA and Drug Enforcement Administration, pose serious health risks, mimic the action of the male hormone testosterone
What are the tasks performed by the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition to protect the U.S. food supply
regulates nearly all domestic and imported food sold in interstate commerce, enforces federal food safety laws
Weak bones that fracture easily and having an increased risk for osteoporosis are possible outcomes of ______
restricting consumption of dairy products, low calcium intake, low vitamin D intake
The nutrient-related reflexes that help an infant to obtain liquids are the
rooting reflex, extrusion reflex, suck reflex.
The reflex that enables an infant to turn its head and open its mouth if its cheek is stroked is the
rooting reflex.
Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine
saltwater fish, Seaweed, milk
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by
self-imposed starvation, becoming emaciated.
People with anorexia nervosa
severely restrict their food intake, have distorted body images.
Which of the following is associated with disordered eating
skipping meals or following fad diets, concerns about body image
Choose factors that increase body fat accumulation
sleep deprivation, high stress, hormonal imbalance
"Hitting the wall" is a term to describe ________
someone has essentially run out of available carbohydrates for energy
Consuming a calcium rich diet may have beneficial effects on
successful weight loss.
The major source of chloride in the American diet is
table salt
Negative factors that affect a school aged child's food choices include
television advertisements for carbonated beverages.
Vitamin D needs are increased in older adults because
the activation of a vitamin D precursor decreases, they do not usually obtain sufficient sun exposure.
Night eating syndrome is characterized by
the belief that one can only fall asleep after a large meal, waking during the night to binge eat, sleep disturbances.
The absorption of dietary magnesium increases when
the body is deficient in magnesium.
Ground meat is often contaminated with microbes because
the grinding process increases the surface area, the grinding process mixes in pathogens from the surface throughout the meat.
Low vitamin B-12 status is common in older adults because
they absorb less vitamin B-12.
Older adults may have an increased risk of developing protein malnutrition if
they are physically unable to shop or cook, they live alone, they have a limited income.
Major minerals are called major because
they are stored in the body in larger quantities, they are needed in greater dietary amounts.
Water aids in the removal of waste products from the body
through the production of urine
What are common nutrition-related problems that affect preschool children
too little potassium, dental caries, too much sodium
How are minerals classified
trace minerals, major minerals
Functions for chloride in the body include
transmission of nerve impulses, Hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, regulation of acid base balance.
Choose the serious health problems that are associated with obesity
vascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome
The status of ______ is commonly low in older adults
vitamin B-12
The correct term that describes the gradual process of shifting from breast- or bottle-feeding to eating solid foods is called
weaning
Choose the accurate statements that explain why energy balance is a complex process
weight loss produces differing fat and lean mass losses, weight gain varies even with the same amount of overfeeding
Which of the following are good sources of copper
whole grains, Seeds, organ meats
Food-borne illnesses are typically caused by eating foods
with microbes or their toxic by-product.
Choose the functions of iron
wound healing, Growth, energy metabolism, immune function, reproduction
Choose the functions of manganese
wound healing, Metabolism, antioxidant function, bone and cartilage formation
Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine
young American women