HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION

human rights

Basic rights and freedom that belong to every person in the world from birth until death .

First Generation Rights

Civil and political rights which derives primarily from the 17th and 18th centuries' reformist theories.

International Court Of Justice

Commonly known as the World Court. Principal judicial organ of the United Nations, through the court's origins predate the league of the nations. ​

Constitutional Rights

Conferred and protected by the Constitution and which cannot be modified or taken away by the law-making body.

Third Generation Rights

Covers collective rights.

Second Generation Rights

Covers economic, social, and cultural rights which find their origin primarily in the socialist tradition.

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence.

Economic, Social and Cultural

Developed in the aftermath of WW II against the background of growing inequalities and the changed view of the state's role in an industrializing world more economic resources and positive action from the State, and have thus been referred as "rights-debts".

Theories of Justice

Each person possesses inviolability founded on justice.

Theory of Marxism

Emphasizes the interest of society over an individual man's interest. Individual freedom is recognized only after the interest of society is served. ​

Petition of Right (1628)

English Parliament sent this statement of civil liberties to King Charles I.

universal

Everyone is born with and possessed the same rights regardless of their background, nationality, place or living or status.

Fundamental

Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance; A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based.

Natural Rights

God-given rights, acknowledged by everybody to be morally good. It is unwritten but prevail as norms of the society.

Magna Carta

Great Charter

Functional/Sociological Approach ​

Human rights exist as a means of social control, to serve the social interests of society.

Theory Based on Dignity of Man/Policy Science Approach

Human rights means sharing values of all identified policies upon which human rights depend on.

right

an entitlement to something, whether to concepts like justice and due process, or to ownership of property or some interest in property, real or personal.

Collective Rights

Also called "people's rights" or "solidarity rights." Rights of the society, those that can be enjoyed only in company with others.

Civil and Political

Are said to be "classic" and are known as "liberty oriented human rights" because they provide, protect and guarantee individual liberty to an individual against the State and its agencies.

Thomas Aquinas

considered natural law as the law of right reason in accordance with the law of God, commonly known as the scholastic natural law

John Locke

envisioned human beings in a state of nature, where they enjoyed life, liberty and property which are deemed natural rights

Utilitarian Theory

every human decision was motivated by some calculation of pleasure and pain. The goal is to promote the greatest happiness of the greatest number

December 10, 1948.

formally adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

States

have the legal obligation to protect and promote human rights, including the right to social security, and ensure that people can realize their rights without discrimination.

Sir Edward Coke

initiated Petition of Right which was produced by the English Parliament.

concept

is something conceived in the mind: Thought, Notion. An abstract or generic idea generalized from particular instances.

The Constitution of the United States of America

is the fundamental law of the US federal system of government and the landmark document of the Western world.

police officer

must promote and protect human rights because this task lies at the very core of maintaining peace and order, ensuring public safety, and upholding the rule of law in the country.

Bill of Rights of the US Constitution

protects basic freedoms of United States citizens.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict.

Nuremberg Trials

rationale for finding the Nazis guilty: the crimes committed were offenses against humanity and there is no need of a law penalizing the acts

Economic, Social and Cultural

security-oriented rights"

Cyrus the Great

the first king of Persia, frees the slaves of Babylon, 539 B.C. But it was his next actions that marked a major advance for Man. He freed the slaves, declared that all people had the right to choose their own religion, and established racial equality.

Hugo Grotius

the natural characteristics of human beings are the social impulse to live peacefully and in harmony with others whatever conformed to the nature of men as natural human beings was right and just; whatever is disturbing to social harmony is wrong and unjust

Cyrus Cylinder

this ancient record has now been recognized as the world's first charter of human rights.

magna Carta

was a turning point in human rights.

Economic and Social Council ( ECOSOC)

• Designed for the discussion of the international economic and social issues.

Trusteeship Council

• Designed to supervise the government of trust territories and to lead them to self- government or independence

General Assembly

• Exercises deliberative, supervisory, financial and elective functions relating to any matter within the scope of the UN Chapter.

Secretariat

• Secretary-general- principal administrative officer of the UN.

Security Council

• UN Charter assigns to the Security Council primary responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Inalienable

All human rights are non-derogable and cannot be removed by any political order.

Positivist Theory/Legal Positivism

All rights and authority come from the state and what officials have promulgated.

Indivisible

All rights are equally important and cannot be separated from each other.

Religious/Theological Approach

A basis of human rights theory stemming from a law higher than the state and whose source is the Supreme Being.

Principle

A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or for chain of reasoning.

human

A human being, especially a person as distinguished from an animal.

Historical Theory

Advocates that human rights are not deliberate creation or the effort of man but they have already existed through the common consciousness of the people of what is right and just.

Thomas Jefferson

(author) penned the American Declaration of Independence.

Derogable or Can-Be-Limited Rights

May be suspended or restricted or limited.

The United Nations

Organization was to fashion an international body to promote peace and prevent future wars.

Natural Law Theory

Originated from the Stoics and elaborated by Greek philosophers and later by ancient Roman law jurists.

Interdependent

Rights - political, civil, social, cultural and economic- are connected and none can be fully enjoyed without the others.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

The Declaration proclaims that all citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of ―liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression.

The First Geneva Convention

The diplomatic conference was held for the purpose of adopting a convention for the treatment for wounded soldiers in combat.

Education

The process of receiving or giving systematic instruction especially at a school or university.

Theory Based on Equality and Respect of Human Dignity

The recognition of individual rights in the enjoyment of the basic freedoms such as freedom of speech, religion, assembly, fair trial and access to courts.

Statutory Rights

Those rights which are provided by law promulgated by the law-making body.

Absolute or Non-Derogable Rights

Those that cannot be suspended nor taken away nor restricted/limited even in extreme emergency and even if the government invokes national security.