HumDev Test Chapter 9-15 Moodle Quizzes

Which one of the following statements reflects Kohlberg's preconventional moral reasoning?

"It's okay to cheat on this exam because the teacher isn't watching me."

Lorene often spend their Saturday afternoons confiding in each other about their personal problems and brainstorming how they might resolve difficulties in their other interpersonal relationships. Your best guess would be that Danette and Lorene are:

16 years old

Which one of the following best describes Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

A series of stages, each of which has a unique developmental task to be addressed.

"Morda", as she is known to her friends, has dyed her hair very dark, dresses all in black, and wears black nail polish and lipstick. All of the people she hangs out are similarly attired and made up. While these teenagers can be quite critical of the "popular crowd," they are very much committed to democratic principles and self-expression. Morda and her friends can best be described as:

Affiliating with the same subculture.

In talking with a group of 8-year-olds, you discover that they have rigid yet erroneous beliefs about a particular racial group. Which one of the following should you conclude? Select one:

Although undesirable, such stereotypes are common for the age-group and reflect a natural tendency to categorize experiences.

Which one of the following best illustrates self-concept rather than self-worth or self-esteem?

Anne says, "I am a fast runner."

Which one of the following adolescents is displaying intrinsic motivation?

Annette loves to play the viola and so practices for at least an hour every day.

Which one of the following examples best illustrates how the imaginary audience can be a factor in an adolescent's developing sense of self? Select one:

Bernita thinks everyone is looking at her when she walks down the hall with her friends.

Of the following statements, which best describes how a teacher or other adult can best promote children's moral development?

By presenting moral dilemmas that create mental discomfort.

The primary reason that educators in many countries have developed content-area standards to guide instruction is that:

Children make good progress when teachers provide a consistent structure to the curriculum

Which one of the following children definitely has a mastery goal rather than a performance goal?

Claude studies science so he can understand what makes things "tick."

Three of the following are examples of prosocial behavior. Which one is not?

Dustin asks Morris for help on his homework.

If you wanted to enhance children's and adolescents' ability to understand what other people say, you might use three of the following strategies. Which one would you be least likely to use?

Encourage them to listen closely to every word and to take other people's messages literally.

Gabrielle asks her mother, "When we go library?" Gabrielle's question is an example of

Expressive language

Mr. Sanborne wants to promote emotional development in his fifth-grade students. Three of the following strategies should help him in this effort. Which one is least likely to be effective?

He should encourage his students to ignore their feelings as much as possible.

Adults can most effectively enhance children's sense of self when they:

Hold high yet achievable expectations for children's performance

Considering what we have learned from research regarding cognitive and linguistic development, we should expect elementary school children to have the greatest difficulty understanding the meaning of which one of the following words?

However

Which one of the following situations is the best example of parallel play?

John and Joey sit next to each other beside a pile of blocks. Each one is building a tower and occasionally watching what the other is doing.

Research indicates that a major advantage of giving children multiple experiences with books during the preschool years is that they:

Learn to read more easily once they begin school

Which one of the following is the best example of social cognition? Select one:

Luke tries to predict how Sheila might respond if he backs out of the science project the two of them have agreed to do together.

Which of the following statements most clearly illustrates self-efficacy?

Misha believes he can do well in his chemistry class if he studies hard.

If you wanted to encourage kindergartners to delay gratification, you would be most likely to:

Occasionally remind them that they will get a bigger reward by waiting a couple of hours.

Peer relationships, like parent-child relationships, are essential to a child's development. Which one of the following is not one of the ways that peer relationships influence a developing child?

Peers are the first individuals to whom a child becomes truly attached.

Three of the following are recommended ways to foster attachment. Which one is not a recommendation according to attachment literature?

Promote emotional bonds only in infancy.

Which one of the following behaviors is a kindergartner most likely to say is (morally) "bad" or "wrong"?

Pushing someone off the top of a slide.

Danny is a quiet 11-year-old who usually keeps to himself. Some of the other boys in class like to tease him when the teacher isn't looking because they know they can provoke him to fight, and then Danny will get in trouble. The type of aggression that Danny exhibits is called:

Reactive aggression

Kathleen is 2 years old. She very much wants to do things for herself - dressing herself, brushing her teeth, and so on - in the morning. Most of the time her mother will not let her do such things because she is so slow and clumsy. Today Mom tells Kathleen she can dress herself, but before long Mom is saying: "Kathleen, you've got your pants on backwards again! Can't you ever put your clothes on right? Here, let me do it. You're making me late for work." If Kathleen hears this kind of talk very often, Erikson suggests that Kathleen might be at risk for developing a sense of:

Shame and doubt (rather than autonomy)

When a new child care provider picks up 11-month-old Ceci for the first time, Ceci screams hysterically and struggles to get away. Which one of the following is the most likely explanation for Ceci's behavior?

She is showing stranger anxiety, which is common at the end of the first year.

Three of the following homes should promote self-regulation in the children that live there. Which home is least likely to promote self-regulation?

Twelve-year-old Mark's parents let him do whatever he wants as long as he tells them where he's going.

Three of the following statements describe possible effects of television viewing on children's development. Which statement is not necessarily true?

Watching television more than five hours per week has a negative impact on IQ.