HW 5 (Chapter 8)

Group D

"Continentality" is a term most closely associated with which climatic type?

greenhouse gas concentrations

According to a majority of climate scientists, which of the following factors is the primary ingredient in the global warming taking place today? volcanic activity greenhouse gas concentrations variations in Earth's tilt and orbit the melting of methane hydrates fluctuations in solar output

Thermometer readings

All the following are proxy records of past climates except Pollen Tree Rings Speleothems Thermometer readings Ice Cores

Volcanic eruptions have increased

All the following changes have been observed because of climate change except _______ global temperatures have increased the surface ocean has warmed volcanic eruptions have increased arctic sea ice extent has decreased the geographic ranges and migration patterns of species have shifted

Halved

By some estimates, the annual average extent of Northern Hemisphere sea ice has ________ since the 1950s.

Classifying climate

Climographs are useful in ________.

Temperature and precipitation

Climographs depict seasonal patterns of __________.

The south Asian monsoon reaches East Africa

Fact: Africa's pattern of climates is not quite symmetrical north and south of the Equator. One reason this occurs because ________.

Warm and fairly steady

For the ENTIRE last 10,000 years Earth temperatures can be ________.

Warm and fairly steady

For the ENTIRE last 10,000 years Earth temperatures can be described as ________.

They scatter incoming radiation, cooling Earth

How do sulfate aerosols affect climate?

800,000 years

How long can ice cores provide a proxy record of climate?

Midlatitude cyclones

In severe mid-latitude climates, winter precipitation mainly originates from ________.

Convective

In the tropical wet climate, precipitation is mainly ________.

Mid-afternoon

In tropical wet climates, what time of day is precipitation most likely?

Lower sun angle

In wet tropical climates the "winter" season is the ________ period.

The position of subtropical high pressure

Mediterranean climates experience dry summers because of ________.

-90

Of the following temperatures, which of the following is CLOSEST to the official low temperature (in degrees Celsius) ever recorded on Earth? 0 -10 -50 -90 -140

A global cooling

Over the ENTIRE past 70 million years there has been ________.

Ice cores

Oxygen isotope analysis is used when studying ________ and climate change.

Humid climates

Steppe climates can be thought of as occupying transitional positions between deserts and ________.

Subsidence

Subtropical deserts are so dry because of ________ associated with the presence of the Subtropical Highs

Uplift in the air

The B climates are dry most usually because of lack of ________.

Temperature and precipitation

The Köppen system of climate classification is based on ________.

Melting of glaciers

The current rise in global sea level can be attributed to ________.

Middle latitude

The greatest day-to-day and seasonal contrasts of climate are found in the ________ climates.

Associated with a lack of clouds

The hottest places on Earth are ________.

The Central Asian Desert

The long distance from the ocean and topographic barriers result in ________.

Monsoon

The one-year record rainfall took place in a ________ climate type.

Atacama

The presence of the cold Humboldt current and the Andes Mountains help to create the coastal ________ Desert.

Monotonous

The single most descriptive word that can be applied to Tropical Wet climates is ________.

South America

The site of the world's record lowest average annual precipitation is on the continent of ________.

2,600

The world record for greatest precipitation received in a single year is on the order of ________ centimeters.

183

The world record highest one-day rainfall is ________ centimeters (2.54 centimeters = 1 inch).

1,000

The world's highest average annual precipitation is associated with a mountain in Hawaii where a total of CLOSEST TO ________ centimeters is received.

In Antarctica

The world's highest average annual wind speeds, associated with strong katabatic wind, can be found ________.

The ITCZ comes overhead in the summer

Tropical monsoon climates are found where ________.

The tropical latitudes

Where in the world does average daily temperature exceed the annual temperature range?

Changes in the distance between the Earth and moon

Which is not a components of Milankovitch cycles? Changes in the tilt of Earth's axis Changes in the shape of Earth's orbit Changes in the wobble of Earth's rotation Changes in the distance between the Earth and moon

Sea level will continue to fall

Which is not a projection of future climate? Hot temperature extremes will be more frequent Oceans will continue to warm Average surface temperature will continue to warm Sea level will continue to fall Cold temperature extremes will become less frequent

Variations in Earth's tilt and orbit

Which of the following appear best to explain the long-term cycles of glacial and interglacial events? changes in greenhouse gas concentrations variations in Earth's tilt and orbit variations in volcanic activity and meteor impacts changes in melting rates of methane hydrates fluctuations in solar output

< 25 cm

Which of the following average annual precipitation totals is CLOSEST to that expected in an Icecap climate? < 25 cm 100 cm 200 cm 500 cm > 1,0000 cm

Dendrochronology

Which of the following helps determine past climate on the basis of tree rings? dendrochronology oxygen isotope analysis pollen analysis 18O/16O ratio all of the above

They do not occur at tropical latitudes

Which of the following is FALSE of the Highland (H) climates? They are usually closely related to adjacent lowland locations. There is great diversity within small areas. Exposure to the Sun is a critical climatic control. Exposure to the wind is a critical climatic control. They do not occur at tropical latitudes.

Precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of desert climates? Precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. Precipitation is scarce. Precipitation is unreliable. Precipitation is intense when it comes. Cover about 30% of the world's land area

Increasing tornado frequency

Which of the following is not associated with increasing altitude in Highland climates? increasing tornado frequency decrease in temperature decrease in pressure vertical zonation increasing orographic precipitation

Ice cores

Which of the following provides information about past temperatures by trapping samples of the atmospheric composition to build a record of thousands of years of Earth's past climates? pollen tree rings ice cores coral reefs oceanic sediments

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides levels in the atmosphere are higher now than in the past 800,000 years.

Which of the following statements about global climate change is correct? Global sea levels are falling. Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides levels in the atmosphere are higher now than in the past 800,000 years. Natural processes quickly remove surplus greenhouse gases from the atmosphere, so reduction of emissions now will restore the original climate equilibrium. Extreme weather events are less frequent and less severe now than in the past century. Glaciers and ice caps have decreased in size in the Northern Hemisphere but not in the Southern Hemisphere.

100 centimeters

Which of the following would be an expected average annual precipitation total in a marine west coast climate? 10 centimeters 100 centimeters 1,000 centimeters 10,000 centimeters none of the above