HY 121 Chapter 22 Inquizitive

Inspired by exaggerated fears of a Japanese invasion of the West Coast of the United States, the military persuaded FDR to issue Executive Order 9066, which ordered the relocation of all persons of Japanese descent from the West Coast. Select on the map the states where Japanese-Americans were interned in camps during World War II

- California - Arizona - Idaho - Utah - Wyoming - Colorado - Arkansas

In the Supreme Court case Korematsu .v. United States, the judicial majority voted to uphold the order for Japanese American internment during WWII. In the minority, Judge Robert A. Jackson wrote a dissenting opinion warning against government sponsored racism called "From Justice Robert A. Jackson, Dissent," included in your textbook. Match Jackson's main points to the quotation they describe.

1. "In the very nature of things... was reasonably necessary from a military viewpoint" Correct Answer: Military decisions, such as Korematsu, are declared by the federal government, not the Supreme Court. 2. "Now, if any fundamental assumption.... and belongs to a race from which there is no way to resign" Correct Answer: A person should not be assumed guilty based on their heritage or the transgressions of their ancestors. 3. "A military order, however unconstitutional.... in criminal procedure and of transplanting American citizens". Correct Answer: By upholding this decision, future courts and legislators may distort the ruling to apply to other citizens based on race or ethnicity.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing American society after the Second World War World War II (1)_____-- the integration of American society to a certain extent. Unlike World War I's forced Americanization policies, (2)______- began to be seen as patriotic during the Second World War, at least regarding immigrants from Europe

1. Accelerated 2.Pluralism

Complete the passage describing the ideas in "The Price of Free World Victory" In his work, "The Price of Free World Victory", Henry Wallace rejected the ideas of The American Century as centering too much on (1)_____ rather than international cooperation. He felt that wealth should be (2)_____ the hands of those who had made it, and not to do so would (3)____ hunger, illiteracy, and poverty.

1. Business dominance 2. redistributed from 3. increase

In the spring and summer of 1942, authorities removed more than 110,000 men, women, and children of Japanese descent- nearly two-thirds of them American citizens- to camps far from their homes. Select on the map the states where Japanese-Americans were evacuated from a designated "military area"

1. California 2. Arizona 3. Oregon 4. Washington

Place these important events of World War II in chronological order.

1. Japan occupies Dutch-controlled Indonesia, seizing its oil fields. 2. British and American forces in North Africa compel the surrender of the Germans. 3. 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers land in Normandy in northwestern France, commencing the most massive sea-land operation in history. 4. American planes drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the atomic bomb. Scientists who developed the atom bomb were (1)____ about using the technology at the time. Some of the scientists that worked on the bomb cautioned Truman to simply demonstrate the power of the weapon before using it in a deadly way. Truman ultimately decided to employ it to (2)____. Ultimately, the use of atomic bombs was rationalized to achieve a lower number of (3)____casualties than might be lost during an invasion.

1. divided 2. end the world war 3. American

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing how the Second World War had an impact on American society The Second World War (1)___American society as virtually no other conflict in the nation's history had. Freedom from (2)_____ as a wartime ideal addressed that feeling that the Depression would not return after the war, while freedom from (3)______ embraced the ideal of an American's personal liberty being contrasted with life in a fascist state.

1. unified 2. want 3. fear

On September 1, 1939, after the signing of the Nazi-Soviet pact, Germany invaded Poland. What was the short-term repercussion in Europe?

Britain was virtually alone in fighting Germany.

Which of the following statements express the ideas of Henry Luce's The American Century?

Correct: - America was to be the dominant power on the planet - Free capitalist markets were the pathway to a freer society - People of the world should embrace American ideals and its consumer products Incorrect: - Borrowing from the ideas of other nations was essential to global cooperation

The Four Freedoms- freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom from want, and freedom from fear- became a slogan of President Roosevelt's and a culturally important idea in postwar America. However, these freedoms were not experienced equally by all Americans. What are some reasons that Black Americans were denied the Four Freedoms?

Correct: - Because Black Americans had a long history of oppression and hatred from other Americans. - Because white Americans wanted to maintain their control and power over Black Americans. Incorrect: - Because African Americans did not believe in the Four Freedoms - Because Black Americans did not pursue these freedoms through the legal system.

What can you infer from the maps that shows major battles of World War II?

Correct: - Both Axis countries and Allied countries fought the war on multiple fronts - The Axis powers in Europe extended their control as far north as Sweden and Noways and as far south as Northern African Incorrect: - Despite their neutrality, neutral countries in Europe served as the locations of major battles in World War II - The United States deployed atomic weapons in both Europe and Japan

Which of the following domestic accomplishments for desegregation occurred during the war?

Correct: - Discrimination was banned in defense jobs - Segregation was ended in the U.S. Navy - College opportunities and loans outlined in the GI Bill were experienced unevenly amongst Americans because of discrimination Incorrect: - Due to a new appreciation for Blacks in the military, segregation was lifted temporarily during the war in movie theaters and restaurants

Identify the statements that describe the benefits of the GI Bill of Rights

Correct: - It included scholarships for college - The economic investments outlined in the GI Bill reduced unemployment and an economic downturn in the postwar period Incorrect: - It did not include mortgage loans - While initially only for veterans, it was extended to include all Americans, including civilians who were not mobilized as part of the war

Identify the statements that describe the Office of War Information (OWI)

Correct: - It sought to avoid the nationalist excesses of the First World war - The OWI was a useful tool for Republican conservatives to advance their own political messaging. Incorrect: - In order to modernize and appeal to a younger audience, the OWI tried not to use traditional images and slogans. - The OWI was a useful tool for conservatives to advance their own political messaging

Identify the statements below that describe military service during the Second World War

Correct: - Military service proved to have a unifying effect on the American servicemen from all regions of the country - The military remained segregated for the duration of the conflict Incorrect: - Very few service members were from the middle and upper classes - More men who served were volunteers rather than draftees

Which of the following terms were agreed to at the Potsdam conference of 1945?

Correct: - Nazi leaders would face war-crime trials - After the war, Germany was to come under Allied military government Incorrect: - The policy of unconditional surrender was reversed - The Allies all consented to allow eastern Europe to become a Russian sphere of influence

Identify the statements that describe the philosophy behind the Black internationalism movement

Correct: - Slavery accounted for the origins of racial thinking - Colonialism abroad worked against equality in the United States Incorrect: - Racism was grounded in unreasoning emotion - The struggle for racial justice was of secondary importance in the Black community to the overall expansion of the New Deal welfare state

During World War II, women's roles at home and in the military were crucial to American success. Identify changes to the U.S. workforce resulting from women's participation in the war effort.

Correct: - While most women still worked in clerical and service jobs, new opportunities opened in industrial, professional, and governmental positions. - Women continued to make up a significant percentage of the U.S. workforce even after the war was over. Incorrect: - Unions refused to accepted working women as members. - For the first time in history, young and single women outnumbered married women in their thirties among female workers.

Identify the economic goals of the National Resource Planning Board (NRPB)

Correct: - to expand Social Security - to improve access to health care - to use government spending to secure full employment of men as a way to redistribute income Incorrect: - to reform the institutions of capitalism with greater government controls

Identify the Statements that are accurate with regard to the Manhattan Project.

Correct: - While serving as vice president, Harry Truman had no knowledge of the existence of atomic bombs - Its purpose was to discover ways to access the potentially vast amounts of energy contained within the atom - A nuclear bomb was tested in New Mexico before its use in Japan Incorrect: - Albert Einstein lobbied unsuccessfully to prevent its formation

For whites in America during the wartime years, freedom was viewed as a goal to be achieved, whereas for Black Americans, freedom was seen as a possession to be defended.

False

With the end of the war, American society expected that the employment changes the war had brought for women would continue. True or False

False

According to the map of WWII in Europe, where were the Allied forces able to advance in 1942?

North Africa

In a fireside chat in December 1940, President Roosevelt announced that the United States would become the "great arsenal of democracy". What did he mean by that phrase?

Roosevelt was referring to the United States providing Britain and China with military supplies.

Friedrich Hayek advocated for interventionist policies that more closely regulated the economy as the solution to national economic problems.

True

Henry Luce's 1941 book The American Century called for America to return to embrace a postwar role as a leader of consumerism and freedom not only for themselves but also as a model for the rest of the world

True