Hygiene MCQ

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Is thermal comfort assured in a room of a house with temperature 21oС, relative humidity 60% and speed of the air 0,2 m/s?

yes

Which foods are of paramount importance in nutrition of adults and the elderly?

yoghurt and cottage cheese + fish + fresh vegetables

A system for dynamic control, information, prognosis and management of environmental factors and conditions is called?

Environmental monitoring

Which nutrients determine the biological value of food?

Essential amino acids + Vitamins + Dietary fiber + Polyunsaturated fatty acids

Which nutritive substances determine the biological value of food?

Essential amino acids + Vitamins + Microelements + Polyunsaturated butyric acids

Point out the risk factor for development of tooth caries!

Systematic consumption of water with low amount of Fluorine

Point out the types of Governmental sanitary control performed by the regional health inspection?

Systematically ( regular) + Targeted

For fibers are true the following statements

They influence serum cholesterol + They do not increase blood sugar

What can be the direct effect of air pollutants on humans? (Test 1)

Toxins + Irritating + Sanogenic-health promoting + Carcinogenic

What is the influence of the excess of fats in the food of adults?

Unfavourable, because of loading with products of the oxidation of polyunsaturated butyric acids

Point out substances determining the biological value of vegetable fats!

Unsaturated butyric acids + Tocopherols + Vitamin A

´The hygienic standard for the air velocity in residential premises is?

Up to 0,4m/s

Until what age a child should not be should not be restricted for fat in diet?

Up to 3 years

Which is the hygienic standard for vertical amplitude of temperature in residential premises?

Up to 3,5°C

Which of the following methods is the best for approving the microbiological indexes of the water?

disinfection

The agents of which diseases are transferred with water

dysentery + cholera + poliomyelitis + epidemic hepatitis A

Which foods are sources of easily absorbed iron?

liver

Which of the following combinations of microclimatic factors is tolerated comparatively well?

low air temperature and low air humidity

Which of the following food products have first rate meaning for the beginning of salmonella infection?

meat and meat products + eggs and meals with eggs

Which are the main sources of pollution of air with lead aerosols?

metallurgy + automobile traffic

Sources for contamination of milk are

milkmaid with staphylococcal infections + animals with mastitis

Which are the general characteristics of the processes "growth" and "development" in children?

mutual connected and dependent on one another + irregular flow

Which are the typical signs of botulism?

neuroparalysis

Which occupational disease starts after the continuous effect of intensive noise?

occupational hearing impairment

What is the difference between ultraviolet erythema and thermal erythema?

occurs after a latent period of a few hours + reddens only the radiated area + the erythema is with limited borders

The entering and the effect of the "non-reacting" chemical substances depends on

of their solubility in the blood + their partial pressure

What does the daily regime of children should ensure?

optimal duration and sequence of the activities during the day + nutrition according to the rate frequency for the age + duration of sleep according to age

Fruits are source of

organic acids + pectin + mineral substances with alkalizing effect + water soluble vitamins

Which of the following indexes are used for the assessment of the suitability of food products?

organoleptic quality, chemical components + presence and concentration of supplements and additives

Which are the criteria for biological age of the children and adolescence?

ossification of bones + eruption of permanent teeth + development of the secondary sex signs + annual growth

Point out the deteriorating factors for vibrational disease

overcooling + static motion + effect on the whole body + lack of rests

Point out the main complaints of vibrational disease

pain and paresthesia in the distal parts of the hands after work + decreased muscle strength

Which of the following diseases is due to the unfavorable effect of ultraviolet radiation?

photo ophthalmia

Which vibrations are most dangerous in a standing working position?

vertical

Could there be a high percent of body fat in an adult with a normal BMI?

yes

Does the metal mercury have a toxic effect if taken orally?

yes

The big concentration of nitrates to the water is dangerous for?

Babies + Elderly people

Artificial ventilation is used in

Pharmacies + Operation theatre + X-Ray departments

The normal skin-asymmetry is up to?

1°C

Hygienic standard for temperature in residential premises is?

20-22°C

What % of the energy consumed by an adult per day should be from fats?

25-30%

In which period of pregnancy exposure to ionization is most dangerous?

2nd lunar month (organogenesis)

At what age are children in the preschool age period?

3-6 years old

What is the admissible level of the noise in the consulting room?

35 dB/А

Healthy infant double its birth weight

4-6 months

The number of feeding in students should be

4-times per day

In four fold regimen of feeding lunch must submit

40-50% E - 35-40%

Point out the optimal relative humidity of the air in closed premises

40-60 %

Hygienic standard for relative humidity in residential premises is

40-60%

According to WHO, how many fruit and vegetables are recommended for an adult per day?

400-500g/day

What is the relative part of the energy of carbohydrates in the daily ration?

55-75%

Sources of nosocomial infections are

sick people + hospital staff + companions

Point out the admissible amount of residual chlorine

0,3-0,4 mg/L

The period of infancy is

0-1 years

In which of the following diseases nutrition is a main factor for their manifestation?

Endemic goiter + Iron deficiency anemia + Rickets

Which are the main indexes for assessment of the menu?

Energy consumption + Nutritional value + Number of food intake + Diversity

What tests are carried out during the mandatory periodical medical exams of the staff who work with ionizing radiation equipment?

Chemical testing of urine + Blood test

Which population group is most vulnerable to the influence of air pollution on man?

Children

Point out methods for water disinfection!

Chlorination + Ozonation + Boiling of water

Which of the air pollutants are released from chemical industry?

Chlorine + Lead aerosols + Sulphur oxides

Which of the air polluters are released from chemical industry?

Chlorine + Nitric oxides + Sulphur oxides + Fluorine

Which of these substances have lipotropic action?

Choline + Lecithin + Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUF

What are the key indicators for assessing the menu, prepared for one day?

Energy value + Diversity

What is the relative part of the energy of fats in the daily ration?

15-30%

Specify the global environmental problems

"Greenhouse effect" + Ozone layer depletion + Acid rains

According to the results of the anthropometric measuring, the physical development of adolescence is categorized as

+ norm, extended norm, out of the norm

Point out the ways of prophylaxis of vibrational disease

+ periodical medical examinations

Which are the main terms of reference for the prophylaxis of bacterial food infections

+ to prevent the contamination of food products with pathogenic microorganisms + stopping the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms which get in the food by proper storage + elimination pathogenic microorganisms present in the food products by cooking

Age of toddler

1-3 years

When does puberty start?

10-+2 years for girls/ 12-+2 years for boys

What is the relative part of the energy of proteins in the daily ration?

10-15%

What must be the relative part of the energy, received by proteins for adults?

10-15%

What is the TLV of noise in factories which does not require from the employer to recommend personal protective measures?

80dB/A

Fortifying meal of workers in the night shift should include

?(Sources of caffeine + Foods with low Glycemic index + Acidogenic foods (meat, butter, margarine) + Products alkalizing effect (milk, fruit, vegetables))

Point out the most common method for water disinfection for domestic purposes!

?(o Chlorination + UV-Radiation + Boiling + Ozonation)

What is microclimate?

A combination of meteorological factors indoors or in a small area

Hands of the staff are

A factor for the transmission of HAI

Dynamic monitoring of growth is precisely monitored by

A graph of percentiles

What is disease prevention? (Test 1)?

A system of complex measure for keeping improving and strengthening of psycho- and somatic health

What is disease prevention? (Test 2)?

A system of complex measures for protection from diseases + A system of complex measure for keeping improving and strengthening of psycho- and somatic health

Identify the main activities of the medical specialists in children centres and schools!

Activities for disease prevention and health promotion + First aids in emergency situations + Anti-epidemic activities + Preservation of health records

What is the meaning of fibers?

Add volume to the food + Have a detox function + Help the excretion of cholesterol

For fiber are true the following statements

Affect serum cholesterol + Lower blood sugar

Which main indexes are used for differentiation of physiological standards for nutrition of workers?

Age + Body mass index + Sex + Physical loading

Which are the most common diseases in preschool age period?

Allergies + Acute infection diseases + Accidents- indoor and outdoor + Intoxication

Which of the following radiations is most dangerous if done internally?

Alpha

What is taken into consideration in the assessment of nutrition per day (daily menu)?

Amount of consumed energy (kcal/day) + Nutritional and biological value of foods + Diversity + The number of meals per day

Which is the best measurement for the amount of visceral fat?

Amount of fat tissue measured be DEXA

Please, mark the right statement. the waist circumference above 102cm in men is

An indicator for visceral obesity + Associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases

Which foods in case of increase consumption increase atherogenic risk?

Animal fat + Confectionery + Alcohol

Point out endemic diseases associated with the chemical composition of water?

Dental caries + Fluorosis + Endemic gout

Which components of the food improve the utilization of iron?

Ascorbic acid

According to the WHO breastfeeding is better to continue

At least 1 month, preferable 2

Point out the main sources of air pollution with nitric oxides?

Automobile transport + Production of nitrogen fertilizers

Please, mark the right formula for calculation of BMI

BMI = body weight(kg) / height2(m2)

The ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL-Cholesterol is favourably affected from the consumption of these foods

Beans, oatmeal, walnuts, almonds + Garlic, onions, fruits, vegetables + Fatty fish

Which of the following diseases are specific alimentary?

Beri-beri + Fluorosis

At what age are the children in the period of infancy?

Between 28-th day after birth to 1 year old

Milk is a source of

Bioavailable calcium + Vitamins group B and vitamin A

Which of the following methods are used to determine the amount of body fat?

Bioelectric impedance analysis + Computer Tomography + Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry + Nuclear magnetic resonance

Point out physical methods for disinfection of drinking water!

Boiling of water + Irradiation with ultraviolet rays

Negative health effects due to modern housing could be?

Building related diseases + Building associated symptoms + "Sick building syndrome"

Point out the main nutritive sources of exogenous cholesterol!

Butter + Cottage cheese + Pork

In which of the following organs and systems accumulates Pb(C2H5)4 ?

CNS

Water hardness is determined by the presence of

Ca and Mg salt

Water hardness is determined by the presence of?

Ca and Mg salts

Which conditions the standards for microclimate in industrial premises?

Category (hardness) of work + Period of the year (season)

Which of these carbohydrates have limited energy role?

Cellulose + Pectins

In which of the systems for postnatal care the risk of HAI in the maternity ward is highest?

Centralized

Point out the type of organization for postnatal care for newborns!

Centralized + Decentralized + Semi-centralized

The risk of HAI(Hospital Acquired Infections) is highest in

Centralized hospital system

By the assessment of the biological values of the food we are testing the following

Chemical composition of food + Digestibility

Sources of vitamin D are the following products

Cod-liver oil + Milk oil

Point out the parameters for assessment of natural lighting in residential premises?

Coefficient of natural light + Light ratio

High intake of fibers is recommended for the prevention of

Colon cancer + Obesity

Point out which of the following systems are used for hospital buildings!

Combined (mixe+ + Decentralized + Centralized

What type of effect occurs after the entering of same chemical agent by various routes in the body?

Complex effect

What type of effect is observed due to entering in the human organism of one chemical pollutant through different routes?

Complex effect + Mixed effect

What is the importance of hygienic standard?

Criteria for assessment of the factors of the environment and prognosis for their influence on human beings + Basis for development of preventive programs + Criteria for assessment of the effectiveness of the applied preventive measures

In which of the system for postnatal care mother and baby are housed in the same room?

Decentralized

Which of the following suggests indirect effects of air pollution?

Decrease of the lightening houses+Worsening of living conditions

Which nutritive mistakes increase the chance of malignant diseases?

Deficiency of fibers + Deficiency of vitamins + Hypo energetic nutrition + Overfeeding with fats

Obesity increases the risk of

Diabetes mellitus type 2 + Cardiovascular diseases

Display the true definition of product range

Distribution of food at different intakes + Complex of food products to meet the medium-daily needs of a person

Nutrition of the elderly should be

Diverse and rich in essential nutrients

Point out the disadvantages of decentralized hospital buildings!

Economically unfavourable, because of duplication of many services + The remoteness of the buildings troubles the work of the staff

As a benchmark for balance of essential amino acids are accepted

Eggs + Breastmilk

What is hygienic standardization?

Establishment of the threshold limiting values of environmental factors which are not detrimental to health and which assure favourable conditions for life

The most effective way of heat release at high temperature and low humidity is

Evaporation (sweating)

Point out the main methods for water purification!

Filtration + Sedimentation

For the elderly is advisable to consume regularly

Fish + Low-fat yogurt and cottage + Fresh vegetable

Which products are of paramount importance in the diet of pregnant woman?

Fish and nuts + Fruits and vegetables

Which food products have primary importance for pregnant women?

Fruits and vegetables + Milk and milk products + Fibres

Which are the main tasks of hospital hygiene?

Fulfillment of medical protective regime + Avoidance of HAI (Hospital Acquired infections) + Optimization of hospital environment

Which type of ionization is most dangerous in case of external influence?

Gamma

The regime of cleaning of the operating theatre includes?

General cleaning and disinfection once per week + Cleaning the operating theatre after each operation + Cleaning the operating theatre during surgery + Cleaning the dust settled on horizontal surfaces during the night in the morning before work

Which of the following factors influence the child growth mostly?

Genetic factors

Which part of the body is the most sensitive to exposure of ionization radiation?

Gonads + Abdomen

What is the penetrating ability of infrared radiation through skin and skull?

Good

Point out the advantages of water chlorination!

Good bactericidal effect + Presence of residual disinfection

Which of the following effects of air pollutants on humans are unspecific?

Growth retardation of children + Changes in the structure of morbidity + Lowering of the immune-biological resistance of the organism

Pregnant and lactating women should have

Healthy nutrition

Pathogens of which diseases may be transmitted by water?

Hepatitis A + Poliomyelitis + Typhus

Consumption of potassium rich food is recommended for

High blood pressure + Stomach cancer

Which of the following hospitals are better to be placed outside residential areas?

Hospital for infectious diseases + Psychiatric hospitals + Hospitals for Tuberculosis treatment

From a medical point of view water has?

Hygienic importance + Biological importance + Epidemiological importance

Which microclimate parameters are changed after prolonged stay of children in closed premises?

Increase in the air humidity in the classroom + Increase in the CO2 concentration + Increase in the amount of positive ions

Point out the disadvantages of Centralized hospital building!

Increased risk of HAI(Hospital Acquired Infections) + Noise discomfort + Create conditions for disturbing of the patients daily regime

In the tested water there is a microbe number 75 CFU/100ml and Coliforms 10CFU/100ml. What is the meaning of these results?

Indicator for ineffective purification and disinfection of water + A signal of epidemiological danger

For children up to 3 years, it is not recommended offering

Industrial prepared kebabs, meatballs

What are HAI?

Infections acquired by medical or other staff of the hospital in relation to patient care + Infections acquired by patients during medical treatment for other medical condition

Children with an Enterocolitis syndrome are treated in?

Infectious department

Which of the following methods are used for studying the individual and family nutrition in medical aspect?

Inquiry method + Weighing method

Specify the general characteristics of the processes"growth"and "development"!

Irregularly occurring + Interrelated and mutually conditioned + Depend on the gender

What lipoprotein changes are expected due to a high intake of saturated fatty acids?

LDL increase

Which main principle are used for differentiation of physiological standards for nutrition of workers?

Level of physical activity (loading) + Age + Sex + Health condition

Point out the hygienic requirements to building materials for residential premises?

Low diathermancy + Low air permeability

Overfeeding with fats is a risk factor for

Malignant diseases + Atherosclerosis + Obesity

The risk for cardio-vascular diseases increases when there is increased consumption of

Meat + Margarine and overconsumption of trans-fats + While bread and pastry

Which food source of easily absorbed Fe?

Meat, liver, fish

Which foods are sources of easily absorbable iron?

Meat, liver, fish

Specify the group of foodstuff, which in combination are suitable sources of easily absorbed iron for pregnant woman

Meat,fish and fresh fruit

Sources of HAI can be?

Medical staff + Patients + Visitors and companions of the patients

The systematic utilization of water with high content of Nitrates is a risk factor for

Methemoglobinemia in infants + Formation of Nitrosamines

Which of the following indexes are tested in the periodical monitoring of drinking water?

Microbiological + Organoleptic + Chemical

Which food products have primary importance for nutrition of children?

Milk and milk products

Which group of products is a source of easily absorbed calcium salts?

Milk and milk products

Which of the following pathological conditions are increased due to unhealthy microclimate?

Morbidity from ischemic heart disease + Easy transfer of acute drip infections + Allergic diseases

Which of the following change due to nutritional inadequacy?

Morbidity of non-specific alimentary diseases + Morbidity of infectious diseases + Morbidity of specific alimentary diseases

Which diseases have their origin in the early school age period?

Neurosis + Spinal deformities + Eyes disorders

The regime of feeding includes

Number of feedings per day + Intervals between the feedings + Distribution of food (calorie distribution)

The regimen of feeding includes

Number of food intake+Interval between food intake + Energy value of food intake

Which of the following statements are true for non-specific alimentary diseases?

Nutrition is a risk factor for their occurrence, but not the only one

The optimal number of feedings is determined by

Nutritional habits and national tradition + Type of the working and physical activity + Physical state-presence of disease + Age

Overfeeding with fats is a risk factor for?

Obesity + Atherosclerosis + Malignant diseases

In which of the following diseases the alimentary factor is leading?

Obesity + Iron deficiency anemia + Scurvy

General cleaning and disinfection of the operating theatre is done

Once a week on day free of operations

How many devices(sources) for ionizing radiation may be placed in an X-ray lab?

One

What the difference is between opened and closed source of ionizing radiation?

Opened - danger of dissemination of radioactive substances in the environment + Closed - no danger of dissemination

Skin temperature difference "open-covered" parts over 4°C is a sign of

Overcooling

Which mistakes in the nutrition favour the increased frequency of malignant diseases?

Overfeeding with fats + Deficiency of fibres + Hypoenergetic nutrition + Deficiency of vitamins

Specify the global environmental problems related to air pollution?

Ozone layer depletion + Greenhouse effect + Acid rains

Which of the following parameters are used for assessment of ventilation effectiveness in residential buildings?

Parametres of microclimate + Concentration of air pollutants + Volume and multiplicity of ventilation

The coronary risk increase after the excessive consumption of

Pastry + Margarine + Red meats

The presence of high levels of ammonium ions, nitrates and nitrites at the same time is an index for?

Permanent organic pollution

The presence of high levels of ammonium ions, nitrates at the same time is an index for?

Permanent organic pollution

Prophylactic diet is recommended for

Persons with a family history + Persons with abnormal biochemical indicators

Which of the following answers are included in daily regime of the pupils

Physical activity in school + Threefold feeding regime + Outdoor physical activities

The presence of nitrates in drinking water is an index for?

Plentiful fertilization with nitric fertilizers in the water-gathering region + Old organic pollution

Which of the following procedure create internal exposure to radiation for the patient?

Positron emission tomography + Isotope diagnostics

Hygiene is a main medical discipline for?

Primary disease prevention

Which are levels of disease prevention?

Primordial + Secondary

Health prophylaxis includes 4 levels. Point them out

Promotion of health, primary prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis, tertiary prophylaxis

What is the aim of hygienic knowledge?

Protection, strengthening and improvement of human health and working abilities + Assessment of factors and conditions of the environment of different biological species

What are the main functions of food?

Providing energy + Regulatory + Hormonal + Plastic + Hedonic

Point out the aim of disinfection of water?

Provision of epidemiological safety of water

What does the medicinal protective regime include?

Provision of proper daily regime + Pain management+Elimination of physical disturbing factors

Tanner`s formula is used to evaluate

Pubertal change

Exposure to which natural radioactive element is most significant in enclosed (living and service) rooms and which cancers it may cause?

Radon-lung Cancer

Which of the following foods are rich in vitamin C?

Red pepper

The objects of hygienic standardization are?

Restriction of harmful chemicals in the ambient air ( outdoor, indoor, workplace) water, soil food + Threshold limit values (TLV) and doses of damaging existing physical environmental factors of anthropogenic origin dust, noise, vibration, electromagnetic energy of different frequency ranges, radioactive isotopes etc. + Optimal and acceptable ( minimum and maximum) parameters of microclimate, lighting and solar ultraviolet radiation, air pressure and others

The deficiency of ultraviolet radiation can cause

Rickets in children + Disorders of calcium-phosphorus metabolism

Biological age is determined by

Roentgenography of the left wrist

Which of the following food content a high level of sodium and should be limited in high blood pressure?

Sausages + Oliven + Bouillons and clear broth

Which of the following diseases are specific alimentary?

Scurvy + Endemic goiter

What are the main indicators of ergonomic school furniture?

Seat depth + The seat distance + Differentiation + Spinal distance

What is the subject of Hygiene?

Studies the complex interaction in the system human- vital environment. In these systems are included residential, social working, and other environments. The main aim of hygiene is to ensure human health and longevity.

Methods for assessment of microclimate are

Subjective methods + Physical methods + Physiological methods

Which are the activities for radiation protection when working with open sources of Radiation?

Special sewage system used before the wastewater gets into the municipality sewage system + Dosimetric control + Encapsulation of production equipment + Specific ventilation + Planning and zoning of workplaces

Food rich in sodium are dangerous in the following diseases

Stomach cancer + High blood pressure

Which of the following chemical substances can influence the taste of drinking water?

Sulphates and chlorides + Iron salts + Calcium and magnesium salt

Microclimate in residential buildings is formed by the following physical factors?

Temperature, humidity, air velocity

What does the length of the lesson in different classes determine?

The ability to maintain an active concentration during classes

Which are determining factors for separation of the patients in the Pediatric department?

The age of the child + Clinical diagnosis + Type and stage of the diseases

What is the exposure of human beings to environmental factors?

The duration of the influence of physical chemical and biological factors over human body

What are the basic hygienic requirements for the kindergarten construction?

The principle of age separation + Provision of conditions for physical activity + The principle of group isolation of children

Which are the hygienic requirements for hospital buildings?

The terrain must be situated far from sources of noise and pollution of air/water/soil + Landscaping should be no less than 40-60% of the area + The terrain's size is defined by the number of beds and the type of hospital

What features of preschool children require a differentiated approach in feeding?

The underdeveloped digestive system

Skin temperature difference "open-closed" parts in range 2-4°C is a sign of

Thermal comfort

The main hygienic requirements for drinking water are?

To contain mineral substances in amounts corresponding to the physiological needs to the organism + To contain no pathogenic microorganisms or eggs of helminths + To have good organoleptic qualities + To have no toxicological and radiological substances in concentrations dangerous for health

Point out the main tasks of Hygiene?

To develop health standards and measures for optimization of the interaction in the system human-living environment + To study the nutrition, education, occupation of the population + To make a hygiene assessment of the factors and conditions of life from the human health's point of view

The main tasks of HCA are

To develop recommendations for physical activity and strengthening + To develop hygienic standards and requirements to devices and furniture in childcare centres and educational institutions + To study the anatomy- physiological characteristics of the children

The main requirements for healthy nutrient are

To give the feeding of fullness + To be balanced + To be variable or there is written -> to be diverse

The soft frost test is used for determination of?

Tonus of the peripheral blood vessels

Which of the following can be direct effects of air pollution on man?

Toxic + Allergonic + Carcinogenic + Irritating

What can be the direct effect of air pollutants on humans? (Test 2) + Toxic + Irritating + Carcinogenic + Allergogenic

Toxic + Irritating + Carcinogenic + Allergogenic

Which nutrients in the breast milk do not depend on maternal diet?

Vitamin D + Calcium

Which of the following measurements, used for assessment of the nutritional status, are anthropometric?

Waist circumference + Body weight + Height

Consumption of food with low energy is recommended for prevention of obesity. Which of the following food products have low energy?

Watermelon + Cabbage

Which of the following effects of air pollution on human beings are indirect?

Worsening of the conditions of life

Which are the indirect effects of air pollution?

Worsening of the sanitary conditions of the living environment + Decrease of the natural lightening of houses

Point out the right statement!

X-ray tube is a closed source of ionization radiation

Point out the proper definition for "working capacity"

ability to work with precise power and quality for given time without unfavorable changes for the organisms

When does overwork comes?

after continuing working after the tiredness has come

Point out the biological factors on which depends the effect of the atmosphere polluters over the human organism

age + health condition + sex

Which food substances should be limited for people occupied with mental work?

animal fats and carbohydrates

Point out all possible effects after combined action of industrial poisons

antagonism + stimulation of the toxic effect + additive action

Point out the methods of examination of the physical development

anthropometry + somatoscopy

According to WHO breastfeeding should be continued

at least a year

Main sources of pollution of the atmosphere air in towns are

automobile transport + Industry + thermo-electrical power station

The high percentage of nitrates in the water is dangerous for

babies + old people + pregnant women with gastrointestinal disturbances and dysbacteriosis

What is the effect of ultraviolet radiation?

bactericidal + erythemal + antirachitis

Which indexes are objective criteria for acclimatization of the organism?

blood pressure

Which is the permanent depot of lead in human organism?

bones

In which systems of the organism are marked the changes after the general influence of noise

central nervous system + GIT system + cardiovascular system

What determines the bactericidal effect of chlorine for disinfection of water?

cheap and efficient method for disinfection + the concentration of hypochlorite ion

Which food products are recommended in the nutrition of old people?

cottage cheese + fish + chicken

Which factors have unfavorable effect on the health of contemporary children?

decreased physical activity + improper feeding

Point out the main principles of protection while working with sources of ionizing radiation

decreasing the dose of radiation + increasing the distance to the source + decreasing the time of effect + shielding of the source

rests during the day must be given when

depending on the "curve of working capacity" + when tiredness occurs

Which are the criteria for determining the biological age of children?

development of secondary sex characteristics + bone age + tooth age

Which is the proper way of giving out heat in the condition of high temperature and low humidity?

evaporation

Point out all the signs of a water epidemic

explosive beginning with steeping raising of the curve of morbidity + the number of sick people is high and a big part of the population is affected + after the sanitation of the source the curve falls rapidly + ends with an "epidemiological tail

Point out the main requirements for healthy nutrition

full value, variety and balance

Factors for the transfer of nosocomial infections are

hands of the hospital staff + medical instruments

The prolonged irradiation of the organism with infrared radiation may cause

heat stroke + cataract of the eyes

Which of the following indexes are leading in the assessment of the physical development?

height + weight

What are the health effects of the direct influence of the atmospheric polluters?

increase of pulmonary diseases and allergy + increase of the malignant diseases + genetic changes

How is the direct unfavourable effect of air pollution on man manifested?

increase of the rate of lung diseases+Increase of the rate of malignant diseases

In which of the following periods the processes of growth and development are most intensive?

infancy

The frequency of which diseases increases in an area with polluted air?

infections of upper respiratory tract + bronchial asthma + cardiovascular diseases

Which are the phases of acclimatization of the organism?

initial phase + stable acclimatization

Point out two conditions with a leading part for the beginning of a food toxicoinfection

insufficient treatment of the food products + improper storage of the prepared meals

On which physical parameters depends on the harmful effect of the noise?

intensity + frequency + amplitude

Point out the physical methods for disinfection of drinking water

irradiation with ultraviolet rays + tilling with ultrasound + boiling

What can be the effect of atmosphere polluters?

irritating + allergogenic + toxic + carcinogenic

The aim of hygiene is

keeping and improving of human health and one's working ability

Point out the reasons for the presence of ammonia in the water

lavish fertilization with nitric fertilizers + recent contamination with organic material + ammonium salts of inorganic origin in the soil and underground water

Which is the main way of penetration of industrial poisons in the organism?

pulmonary

For which of the following diseases the school etiology is leading?

refraction abnormalities of the eye + neurosis + spinal bending

Which indexes are used to prove that the milk is watered?

refraction number

Nitro- and amino compounds of benzol affect mainly

respiratory system + CNS + liver

How must be stored sausages in restaurants and shops?

separately

Which of the following symptoms are leading in the clinic of food intoxication with staphylococcus?

short incubation period + pain in the epigastric region + vomiting

What should not happen to foods containing excessive amounts of mycotoxins?

should be processed through long cooking + should be sterilized + should be preserved

Which characteristics of the industrial dust have hygiene meaning for its harmful effect?

size of the particles + shape of particles + chemical composition + inflammability and explosiveness + the amount

Which of the following factors determine or increase the harmful effect of industrial vibrations over the organism?

static muscle strain + place and area of the contact + exposition + overcooling of the organism

What is the meaning of the skin melanin accumulated under the influence of ultraviolet radiation?

stimulates the synthesis of vit. D + boosts immunity + in higher doses could lead to skin cancer + stimulates the production of melanin

The microclimate in a house is formed by the following factors

temperature + humidity + speed of the air

Which of the following factors stop the development of staphylococcus in food products?

temperature lower than 6 degrees celsius + concentration of sugar over 60% + concentration of sodium chloride over 12%

What is your assessment of the heating of a house in which the following values of the microclimatic factors are found: temperature of the air 20oС, relative humidity 54%, speed of the air 0,15 m/sec?

temperature of the air 20oС, relative humidity 54%, speed of the air 0,15 m/sec?: good

Which is the proper definition of tiredness?

temporarily physiological and reversible condition of the organism

Which of the following indexes can be used in hygiene assessment of industrial dust?

the amount of dust in 1m3 air + size of the dust particles + chemical components of the dust

The assessment of the effectiveness of ventilation in a residential building is made by measuring?

the concentration of air polluters + the microclimatic factors + capacity and rate frequency of ventilation

Point out the requirements for the artificial lightning in the house

the level of lightening to be optimal + the light to be uniformly distributed into the room

What is the meaning of the high acidity of the fresh milk?

the milk is old

The assessment of the effectiveness of ventilation in lodging is made by

the speed of ventilation + the concentration of gas polluters + the components if microclimate + capacity and rate frequency of ventilation

The biological effect of ionizing radiation depends on

the whole absorbed dose + the kind of radiation and the extent of the radiated surface + the time and character of exposition + the accumulation of the substance in an organ or tissue

Why children have a higher need of proteins than adults?

they assure the growth and development + anabolic processes predominate

Why ethers and alcohols penetrate rapidly and easily in the brain?

they have a high factor of distribution oil/water + the brain has a very good blood circulation

Which atmospheric polluters are secondary?

those which occur in the air after the combination of two or more primary polluters + those which occur after a combination of a constant constituent of the air and primary polluter

Which of the following food products have first rate meaning for the beginning of botulism?

tinned meat/fish + tinned fruits/vegetables + honey

What are the requirements for the resources for disinfection of the drinking water?

to be harmless for human health + not to change the organoleptic qualities of water. + the bactericidal effect is achieved with small doses.

Indicate the main tasks of Hygiene

to develop health standards and measures for optimizing the relation "human - environment" + to make a hygienic assessment of the factors and conditions affecting human health + to study nutrition, education, working ability factors, rest etc. of the population

The main hygiene requirements for drinking water are

to has good organoleptic and physical qualities + the chemical components to be harmless + to be free from pathogens microorganisms and eggs of helminths

Point out the main principles of prophylaxis of the alimentary diseases of microbe origin?

to prevent contamination of the food products with pathogenic microorganisms + to stop the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms got into the food + to eliminate the pathogenic microorganisms got into the food


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