Hypervolemia vs Hypovolemia

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Why do you do hourly outputs on someone who is hypovolemic?

An increase in the urine output indicates that perfusion is improving.

What is the normal action of ADH and what does ADH stand for?

Anti-diuretic hormone, tell kidneys how much water to conserve and regulate the amount of water in the vascular space

How can IV fluids with sodium induce hypervolemia?

Because sodium causes retention of water

What is the name of the disease a patient can have that will induce hypervolemia due to too much aldosterone?

Benign adrenal tumor (hyperaldosteronism) holds on to sodium and water

If your are hypovolemic, what happened to your BP and pulse? Tell why.

Blood pressure decreases, less volume equals less pressure. Pulse increase but is weak/thready because it's trying to pump the little fluid you have around the body to perfume vital organs.

What happens to your CVP? Explain why.

CVP decrease due to decrease blood volume from hypovolemia

What will happen to your weight with hypovolemia and why?

Decrease because there is less fluid volume

Why do the extremities of a client who is hypovolemic become cool?

Decreased blood flow to extremity

What will the effects be on the body if a client does not have enough ADH and what is the name of the disease?

Diabetes insipidus which causes the kidney to excrete too much water

How can GI losses affect your vascular space?

Excessive GI loss can reduce the volume in the vascular space (anytime you lose fluid from year body, no matter where it comes from, the vascular space can eventually be depleted.

How can fever and sweating induce hypovolemia?

Fever and sweating cause further volume loss leading further into hypovolemia

How can burns induce hypovolemia?

Fluid leaves the vascular space and goes to the tissue (edema occurs) or out of the body completely

How can ascites induce hypovolemia?

Fluid leaves vascular space and goes out into the abdomen; therefore vascular volume goes down

If a patient is severely hypovolemic, what might be done to replace fluids?

Fluid resuscitation

How can renal failure cause fluid volume excess?

If the kidneys are not working (eliminating enough sodium/H2O) then the fluid will be retained in the vascular space

What class of IV solution would be good for someone who is hypovolemic? Explain why and give examples.

Isotonic crystalloids: normal saline and lactated ringers

If you are hypovolemic, why will your urine output eventually decrease?

Kidneys retain remainder fluid, decrease urine output. Renal failure is now a possibility.

When a patient has polyuria, will they stay in a polyuric state for a long, long period of time?

No, they will eventually become dehydrated and lead to kidney problems or diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma

Fleet enemas contain a lot of what?

Sodium

Alka-Seltzer contains a lot of what?

Sodium bicarbonate

What is the normal action of aldosterone?

Steroid hormone that acts primarily in renal collecting ducts to stimulate reabsorption of sodium as well as secretion of potassium and hydrogen

The diabetic patient will develop polyuria. Why?

The body is trying to rid itself of excess glucose in vascular space. Glucose is excreted through urine

How can ADH cause hypervolemia?

Too much ADH causes retention of too much in the vascular space (SIADH)

What will the effects be on the body if a client is producing too much ADH? What is the name of this disease?

Too much ADH causes too much retention of too much water and they may start to vomit/nausea and headache ... SIADH

What is FLUID VOLUME EXCESS?

Too much fluid in the blood which is increased wirh sodium

If a patient is hypovolemic and is just experiencing a mild fluid volume deficit, what might be done to replace fluids?

Two peripheral IV lines that's used to infuse large volumes of fluid

What is going to happen to the urine specific gravity if a patient is hypovolemic?

Urine specific gravity increases if patient is hypovolemic (>1.015) normal: 1.003-1.030

How does this polyuria affect the vascular space?

Vascular space depletes causing patient to be shocky

What happens to your veins when you're hypervolemic?

Veins become filled with fluid (distended)

Why does the hypervolemic patient develop edema?

Veins retain salt, they increase the body's total sodium content which increase your fluid content and causes edema

What happens to your veins? Explain why

Venous restriction due to lowered volume of blood.

How can fleet enemas throw you into hypervolemia?

Water follows sodium therefore client retains fluid

How can aldosterone cause hypervolemia?

When blood volume gets low the aldosterone secretions will increase and retain sodium and water this will cause the blood volume to rise

What is third spacing?

When fluid leaves the vascular space and goes into interstitial space. The interstitial space is the space in between the cells, outside of the blood vessels.The fluid leaves the vascular space and goes into the tissues

How can congestive heart failure throw you into hypervolemia or fluid volume excess?

When the heart weakens, blood flow returns to the heart slows down, backing up into the veins and causing fluid build up in tissues. Kidneys eliminate less sodium and water

Why does the hypervolemic patient develop ascites?

When the liver cannot properly store and process nutrients and filter toxins, it causes fluid retention. Buildup in abdominal area is when ascites happen

What is ascites?

accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

What is another term for fluid volume excess?

hypervolemia or fluid overload

Where is ADH stored?

pituitary gland


Related study sets

Chronic Illness and Older Adults

View Set

Aviation Management Midterm Review

View Set

8 - Florida Laws and Rules Pertinent to Insurance

View Set

World Geography Semester 2 Cumulative Exam

View Set

Microsoft Azure Administrator (AZ-104)

View Set