Hypoxia and gene regulation

What is a transcription factor and what are its major features?

Protein that controls the rate of transcription of DNA to RNA by binding to to a specific DNA

What is ertyhropoietin? How does it act and in which organ is it synthesized?

Erythropoietin is hormone that induces the production of red blood cells.

What is the O2 sensitive subunit of HIF1?

HIF-1alfa

What is a major product generated during anaerobic glycolysis?

Lactate

What is the function of VEGF?

Migration, formation of tubular structures, vasodilatation, proliferation, increase of permeability Major factor in angiogenesis: VEGF-A

Summarize/name processes allowing adaptation to hypoxia which require long-term actions/effects on gene expression?

O2 transport capacity: Hb Vessel and tissue remodelling Proliferation, apoptosis Angiogenesis Hypertrophy Matrix restructuring Metabolism

Why does the oxygen content decrease with heigth?

The air pressure is lower

What is the difference between a transcription factor and cofactor?

Transcription factor is a protein, cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion. Transcription factors mesiate gene expression, cofactors are needed as a catalyst for enzymes.

True or false: hypoxia induces EPO gene expression

True

What is the difference between angio- and vasculogenesis?

Vasculogenesis refers to the in situ differentiation and growth of blood vessels from mesodermal derived hemangioblasts. Angiogenesis refers to expansion and remodeling of this network.