IB Psych Cognitive Unit 4/20 Quiz Turnt it Up Blaze

What is evidence for working-memory model?

Quinn and McConnel imagery words and dual-task experiments

Loftus and Palmer

Reconstructive Memory

What can be learned about the relationship between the brain and memory from the Case study of HM?

hippocampus plays important role in converting STM to LTM

What was the AIM of the Loftus and Palmer research involving a car crash scene?

if leading questions affect recall in a situation for estimating speeds

What was the AIM of Bartlett's War of Ghost research?

investigate whether people's memory for a story is affected by schemas and the extent which memory is reconstructive

Principle Three Cognitive

the mind can be studied scientifically

Summarize the interaction of emotion and cognition.

they interact, but in complex ways we do not know very much of yet

According to Brown and Kulik, what is The Theory of Flashbulb Memory?

type of episodic memory and details will remain intact because of emotional arousal

When does Clive feel most alive?

when his wife visits him

What is the recency effect?

tend to remember the last thing you saw

Cole and Scribner

Cross-cultural memory study

Easterbrook

Cue Utilization Theory

Wang and Ross

Culture is a system and a process

Rogoff and Waddel

Culture, Memory, Context is key

What is evidence for multi-store memory model?

Glanzer and Cunitz free recall

Principle One Cognitive

Human beings are information processors and mental processes guide behavior

Speisman

Manipulation memory w/emotion

Brewer and Treyens

Memory, objects in a room

According to flashbulb memory, what are the six important features?

1. Place (where) 2. Ongoing Activity (what they were doing) 3. Informant (how they learned about incident) 4. Own Affect (feelings) 5. Other Affect (how other people felt) 6. Aftermath (importance)

How long should it take you to use your reliable recognition memory?

10-15 seconds

About how long is your short-term memory?

20 seconds

How many items can we hold in our short-term memory?

5-7 items

Lupien

5-year study, Cortisol,Stress

What were the results of Riniolo's research?

75% of eyewitnesses said Titanic was breaking apart during sinking

Scoville and Milner

Biology and Memory/Amesia

What is your brain's emotional center?

Amygdala

What is the connection between the brain, memory, and emotion?

Amygdala and Hippocampus

Lazarus

Appraisal Theory

What is the implication of many cross-cultural memory studies?

tasks are meaningless to non-Western people and many experiments are performed in laboratories

Palva

EEG, Working Memory Study

Damasio

Emotion and feeling differences

LeDoux

Emotional Brain Theory

Riniolo

Eyewitness, Plunge of the Titanic

Neisser and Harsch

FB Memory, Challenger Disaster

Brown and Kulik

Flashbulb Memory

Darley and Gross

Judgement based off few details

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Multi-Store Model of Memory

What is the name of the memory model described by Atkinson and Shriffrin?

Multi-store model

What is the primacy effect?

tend to remember the first thing you saw

Glazner and Cunitz

Primacy/Recency Effect

What are the strengths and limitations of reconstructive memory?

S: can explain memory distortions and supported by studies L: focuses on inaccuracy of memory and schema processing not fully understood

What are strengths and limitations of Schema Theory?

S: explains cognitive processes/explain reconstructive nature of memory W: too vague and focuses too much on inaccuracies of memory

What are the strengths and limitations of modern technology?

S: provides opportunity to see inside working brain and useful diagnosing brain disease L: scanning takes place in artificial environment and scanner studies brain map areas involved in various cognitive processes

Bartlett

War of Ghosts/Schema Theory

Baddeley and Hitch

Working Memory Model

What is the name of the memory model described by Baddeley and Hitch?

Working-memory model

Summarize what you have learned about culture and memory

ability to remember is universal, specific forms of remembering are culturally unique

What do victims assume when they are presented with a lineup? What do witnesses or victims feel they have to do when presented with a lineup?

assume person is guilty and they have to find the criminal

How does Clive describe his condition?

being dead

What is reconstructive memory?

brain doesn't remember exact event, but produces outline and fills in gap

Describe the working-memory model

challenged view that STM is unitary and information processing is passive, alternative to STM, active store, four separate components

According to Lazarus, what is Appraisal Theory?

cognitive factors can modulate stress responses

Principle Two Cognitive

cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors

What is LeDoux's theory of the emotional brain?

emotional relations are flexible due to evolutions

What were the results of the Loftus and Palmer research?

estimates of speed higher in "smashed" condition while lowest in "contacted"

Why is your memory inaccurate?

it is reconstructive and memories can be created falsely after the fact

How does Clive describe every moment?

just waking up

What were the results of Cole and Scribner?

memory strategies dependent on schooling

What is the definition of a cognitive schema?

mental representation of knowledge stored in the brain

What were the results of the Brewer and Treyens' research?

most participants recalled schematic objects and some reported objects that were expected but not present

Describe the multi-store model of memory

new approach, supported by research, assumption that memory consists of separate stores, structural components and control processes

What were the results of the Speisman research?

participants in "trauma" condition showed much higher physiological measures of stress than participants in other conditions

What were the results of Lupien's research?

participants with moderate level of cortisol had no problem restoring memory function

What were the results of Darley and Gross?

people make judgements based on few details

List two ways schemas affect memory

people remember the gist of things and tend to ignore information that is not on line with their schemas

Each time you remember something you change the brain _____ and and memory ______

physically and chemically

What is the methodological problem of many cross-cultural memory studies?

remembering may be a mean of achieving a personal goal

What does Dimaggio suggest schemas are?

representations of knowledge and mechanisms that simplify cognition through cognitive shortcuts

Results of Bartlett's War on Ghosts research

results confirm schema theory and participants remembered the main part of story but changed unfamiliar elements

What were the results of Palva's research?

results showed synchronization of neuronal activity in different brain areas related to working memory

What were the results of Cole and Scribner research?

school children in Liberia and USA used chunking

What was the AIM of Lupien's research?

see whether it was possible to reverse memory problems with a drug

According to Wang and Ross: Culture is both a _____ and a ______.

system and process