IB Psych Cognitive Unit 4/20 Quiz Turnt it Up Blaze
What is evidence for working-memory model?
Quinn and McConnel imagery words and dual-task experiments
Loftus and Palmer
Reconstructive Memory
What can be learned about the relationship between the brain and memory from the Case study of HM?
hippocampus plays important role in converting STM to LTM
What was the AIM of the Loftus and Palmer research involving a car crash scene?
if leading questions affect recall in a situation for estimating speeds
What was the AIM of Bartlett's War of Ghost research?
investigate whether people's memory for a story is affected by schemas and the extent which memory is reconstructive
Principle Three Cognitive
the mind can be studied scientifically
Summarize the interaction of emotion and cognition.
they interact, but in complex ways we do not know very much of yet
According to Brown and Kulik, what is The Theory of Flashbulb Memory?
type of episodic memory and details will remain intact because of emotional arousal
When does Clive feel most alive?
when his wife visits him
What is the recency effect?
tend to remember the last thing you saw
Cole and Scribner
Cross-cultural memory study
Easterbrook
Cue Utilization Theory
Wang and Ross
Culture is a system and a process
Rogoff and Waddel
Culture, Memory, Context is key
What is evidence for multi-store memory model?
Glanzer and Cunitz free recall
Principle One Cognitive
Human beings are information processors and mental processes guide behavior
Speisman
Manipulation memory w/emotion
Brewer and Treyens
Memory, objects in a room
According to flashbulb memory, what are the six important features?
1. Place (where) 2. Ongoing Activity (what they were doing) 3. Informant (how they learned about incident) 4. Own Affect (feelings) 5. Other Affect (how other people felt) 6. Aftermath (importance)
How long should it take you to use your reliable recognition memory?
10-15 seconds
About how long is your short-term memory?
20 seconds
How many items can we hold in our short-term memory?
5-7 items
Lupien
5-year study, Cortisol,Stress
What were the results of Riniolo's research?
75% of eyewitnesses said Titanic was breaking apart during sinking
Scoville and Milner
Biology and Memory/Amesia
What is your brain's emotional center?
Amygdala
What is the connection between the brain, memory, and emotion?
Amygdala and Hippocampus
Lazarus
Appraisal Theory
What is the implication of many cross-cultural memory studies?
tasks are meaningless to non-Western people and many experiments are performed in laboratories
Palva
EEG, Working Memory Study
Damasio
Emotion and feeling differences
LeDoux
Emotional Brain Theory
Riniolo
Eyewitness, Plunge of the Titanic
Neisser and Harsch
FB Memory, Challenger Disaster
Brown and Kulik
Flashbulb Memory
Darley and Gross
Judgement based off few details
Atkinson and Shiffrin
Multi-Store Model of Memory
What is the name of the memory model described by Atkinson and Shriffrin?
Multi-store model
What is the primacy effect?
tend to remember the first thing you saw
Glazner and Cunitz
Primacy/Recency Effect
What are the strengths and limitations of reconstructive memory?
S: can explain memory distortions and supported by studies L: focuses on inaccuracy of memory and schema processing not fully understood
What are strengths and limitations of Schema Theory?
S: explains cognitive processes/explain reconstructive nature of memory W: too vague and focuses too much on inaccuracies of memory
What are the strengths and limitations of modern technology?
S: provides opportunity to see inside working brain and useful diagnosing brain disease L: scanning takes place in artificial environment and scanner studies brain map areas involved in various cognitive processes
Bartlett
War of Ghosts/Schema Theory
Baddeley and Hitch
Working Memory Model
What is the name of the memory model described by Baddeley and Hitch?
Working-memory model
Summarize what you have learned about culture and memory
ability to remember is universal, specific forms of remembering are culturally unique
What do victims assume when they are presented with a lineup? What do witnesses or victims feel they have to do when presented with a lineup?
assume person is guilty and they have to find the criminal
How does Clive describe his condition?
being dead
What is reconstructive memory?
brain doesn't remember exact event, but produces outline and fills in gap
Describe the working-memory model
challenged view that STM is unitary and information processing is passive, alternative to STM, active store, four separate components
According to Lazarus, what is Appraisal Theory?
cognitive factors can modulate stress responses
Principle Two Cognitive
cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors
What is LeDoux's theory of the emotional brain?
emotional relations are flexible due to evolutions
What were the results of the Loftus and Palmer research?
estimates of speed higher in "smashed" condition while lowest in "contacted"
Why is your memory inaccurate?
it is reconstructive and memories can be created falsely after the fact
How does Clive describe every moment?
just waking up
What were the results of Cole and Scribner?
memory strategies dependent on schooling
What is the definition of a cognitive schema?
mental representation of knowledge stored in the brain
What were the results of the Brewer and Treyens' research?
most participants recalled schematic objects and some reported objects that were expected but not present
Describe the multi-store model of memory
new approach, supported by research, assumption that memory consists of separate stores, structural components and control processes
What were the results of the Speisman research?
participants in "trauma" condition showed much higher physiological measures of stress than participants in other conditions
What were the results of Lupien's research?
participants with moderate level of cortisol had no problem restoring memory function
What were the results of Darley and Gross?
people make judgements based on few details
List two ways schemas affect memory
people remember the gist of things and tend to ignore information that is not on line with their schemas
Each time you remember something you change the brain _____ and and memory ______
physically and chemically
What is the methodological problem of many cross-cultural memory studies?
remembering may be a mean of achieving a personal goal
What does Dimaggio suggest schemas are?
representations of knowledge and mechanisms that simplify cognition through cognitive shortcuts
Results of Bartlett's War on Ghosts research
results confirm schema theory and participants remembered the main part of story but changed unfamiliar elements
What were the results of Palva's research?
results showed synchronization of neuronal activity in different brain areas related to working memory
What were the results of Cole and Scribner research?
school children in Liberia and USA used chunking
What was the AIM of Lupien's research?
see whether it was possible to reverse memory problems with a drug
According to Wang and Ross: Culture is both a _____ and a ______.
system and process