IB Psychology chapter 4.1-4.4
consciousness
awareness of internal and external stimuli
________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy. RBD CPAP cataplexy Insomnia
cataplexy
evolutionary psychology
discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection
stage 1 sleep
first stage of sleep; transitional phase that occurs between wakefulness and sleep; the period during which a person drifts off to sleep
stage 4 sleep
fourth stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
latent content
hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
melatonin
hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
The body's biological clock is located in the ________. hippocampus thalamus hypothalamus pituitary gland
hypothalamus
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep
The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications. sleep apnea RBD SIDS narcolepsy
narcolepsy
parinsomnia
one of a group of sleep disorders characterized by unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
lucid dream
people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content
cognitive-behavioral therapy
psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors that is sometimes used to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia
sleep spindle
rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep that may be important for learning and memory
restless leg syndrome
sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
central sleep apnea
sleep disorder with periods of interrupted breathing due to a disruption in signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing
sleep rebound
sleep-deprived individuals will experience shorter sleep latencies during subsequent opportunities for sleep
________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks. melatonin slow-wave sleep sleep deprivation growth hormone
slow-wave sleep
manifest content
storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
meta-analysis
study that combines the results of several related studies
collective unconscious
theoretical repository of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung
rotating shift work
work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids
non-REM (NREM)
period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep. pineal gland thyroid pituitary gland pancreas
pituitary gland
sleep debt
result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
stage 2 sleep
second stage of sleep; the body goes into deep relaxation; characterized by the appearance of sleep spindles
________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep. jet lag rotating shift work circadian rhythm sleep debt
sleep debt
sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
obstructive sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes when breathing stops during sleep as a result of blockage of the airway
night terror
sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
narcolepsy
sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
________ is another word for sleepwalking. insomnia somnambulism cataplexy narcolepsy
somnambulism
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep. stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 and stage 4 REM
stage 2
________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep. stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 and stage 4 REM sleep
stage 3 and stage 4
sleep
state marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness
homeostasis
tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system
stage 3 sleep
third stage of sleep; deep sleep characterized by low frequency, high amplitude delta waves
theta wave
type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 1 and stage 2 sleep
delta wave
type of low frequency, high amplitude brain wave characteristic of stage 3 and stage 4 sleep
alpha wave
type of relatively low frequency, relatively high amplitude brain wave that becomes synchronized; characteristic of the beginning of stage 1 sleep
K-complex
very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in response to environmental stimuli
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
area of the hypothalamus in which the body's biological clock is located
circadian rhythm
biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours
The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep. hypothalamus thalamus pons both a and b
both a and b or both hypothalamus and thalamus
sleep regulation
brain's control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world
An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing. central sleep apnea obstructive sleep apnea narcolepsy SIDS
central sleep apnea
wakefulness
characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours. biological circadian rotating conscious
circadian
jet lag
collection of symptoms brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment
insomnia
consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month's time
Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation. schizophrenia Parkinson's disease depression generalized anxiety disorder
depression
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
device used to treat sleep apnea; includes a mask that fits over the sleeper's nose and mouth, which is connected to a pump that pumps air into the person's airways, forcing them to remain open
pineal gland
endocrine structure located inside the brain that releases melatonin
biological rhythm
internal cycle of biological activity
cataplexy
lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, and in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles
The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream. latent manifest collective unconscious Important
latent
________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks. Light-dark exposure coffee consumption alcohol consumption napping
light-dark exposure
________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function. growth hormone melatonin LH FSH
melatonin
sleepwalking
(also, somnambulism) sleep disorder in which the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors