Image Production- Chapter 2 Review
Name the 6 types of energy
1. Mechanical 2. Chemical 3. Heat (Thermal) 4. Electrical 5. Nuclear 6. Electromagnetic
What are the 3 basic atomic particles?
1. Nucleus 2. Electrons 3. Protons
What formula is used to determine the maximum number of electrons can be in a given shell?
2n² Example: 7th Shell- Q Shell- 2(7)²= 98
What is the smallest particle of an element that possesses chemical properties of the element?
Atom
What distinguishes one element from another by the number of protons in the element?
Atomic Number (Z#)
Protons + Neutrons = ?
Atomic mass (A) of an element
What type of energy is released during a chemical reaction?
Chemical
What are some important atoms related to Radiology?
Copper, Tungsten, Barium, Aluminum, Molybdenum, Silver, Iodine, Lead, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
What energy is the result of electron movement?
Electrical
What energy is formed as the result from electric and magnetic disturbances in space? Includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and x-rays.
Electromagnetic
What is a simple substance that cannot be further broken down into simpler substances?
Element
What is the ability to do work?
Energy
The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the ______ the binding energy of the electron.
Greater
What energy is the result of motion of atoms and molecules and is measured by temperature?
Heat or thermal
It will take more energy to knock an electron out of the K shell of a _____ atomic number element than a _____ atomic number element.
High; Low
As the atomic number of an element increases the K shell binding energy _______.
Increases
What is it called when you add or remove electrons from an atom, called ionization, and gives the element its charge?
Ion
What kind of radiation does radiology use?
Ionizing Radiation
Same element, different number of neutrons is called what?
Isotope
What is the standard unit of mass for energy?
Joule
What is the first shell called and how many electrons are in it?
K shell; 2 electrons
What is the standard unit of mass?
Kilogram
What is the energy of motion?
Kinetic
What is the second shell called and how many electrons are in it?
L shell; 8 electrons
The further away the electron is to the nucleus, the _____ the binding energy of the electron.
Lower
What is the quantity of matter contained in an object?
Mass
What type of energy uses machines or physical motion?
Mechanical
What are two or more molecules chemically united called?
Molecule
What charge does an electron have?
Negative
What charge will occur when an atom gains an electron (because there are more electrons than protons)?
Negative charge
What charge does a neutron have?
Neutral
What energy is store in the nucleus of an atom?
Nuclear
What is the center of an atom called that contains protons and neutrons, and has electrons that orbit around it?
Nucleus
What charge does a proton have?
Positive
What charge will occur when an atom loses an electron (because there are more protons than electrons)?
Positive charge
What energy is stored in an object due to position until converted to another type of energy?
Potential
Electrons orbit the nucleus in what?
Shells
What rule states that the outer shell of an atom does not want to exceed 8 electrons?
The Octet Rule
What happens when an atom has the same number of protons and electrons?
The atom is said to be neutral and stable.
What happens if the atomic number of an atom changes?
The element changes, happens in radioactive decay.
What is determined by the number of electrons in the outer- shell?
The valence of an electron Ex. H₂O (2H + 1O)= H has 1 electron each, O has 6 electrons in its outer shell so when 2 H combines with 1O, O has 8 electrons in the outer shell and H has 2 in its K shell so all of the atoms are satisfied.
Name 2 examples of molecules
Water and Salt
8 electrons in the outer shell means the element is...
stable and inert like the Noble Gases
If an atom loses an outer electron...
the element is unstable and reactive until it gains the electron back or combines with another element to satisfy the Octet Rule.
