Immune Physiology (Connect)
Helper T cells express the marker ______ on their surface.
CD4
Cytotoxic T cells express the marker ______ on their surface.
CD8
Antigen presenting cells __________. a) are necessary for T cell recognition of antigens b) are concentrated in the internal organs c) include both B cells and natural killer cells d) remain in tissues until T cells migrate to, and destroy the antigen they mark
a
Chemokines and cytokines __________. a) stimulate the action and proliferation of the cells of the adaptive immune system b) directly destroy pathogens c) stimulate the proliferation of T, but not B, lymphocytes d) are secreted by pathogens, which attract lymphocytes to them for destruction
a
Foreign substances that elicit an immune response are termed __________. a) antigens b) aliens c) viruses d)bacteria e) antibodies
a
Which of the following are characteristics of the innate immune system? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) a) quick to act b) born with it c) memory d) very specific
a, b
Which of the following leukocytes are phagocytic? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) a) macrophages b) T cells c) neutrophils d) microglia
a, c, d
There are three major groups of phagocytic cells in the body. Some travel throughout the bloodstream, while others are unique to specific organs and keep residence there. Identify all the cells capable of phagocytosis. (Check all that apply.) a) neutrophils b) B lymphocytes c) natural killer cells d) monocytes
a, d
Allergies involve which of the following leukocytes or immune mediators? (CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY) a) mast cells b) IgA c) Th2 cells d) histamine
a,c,d
Cytotoxic T cells recognize __________. a) viral antigens and class II MHC molecules b) viral antigens and class I MHC molecules c) fragments of self-proteins of infected cells d) receptors on B cells
b
What specific type of T cell is attacked and killed by HIV? a) NK T cells b) helper T cells c) regulatory T cells d) cytotoxic T cells
b
_____________ that have sensed and/or engulfed a bacterium in a tissue secrete chemokines to recruit other cells, especially __________________. a) mast cells.... monocytes b) macrophages... neutrophils c) neutrophils.... B cells d) B cells... T cells
b
Cytotoxic T cells produce __________. a) class 2 MHC's b) antibodies, which make holes in the cell membrane of infected cells c) perforin, which makes holes in the cell membrane of infected cells d) self-proteins
c
Given the pathogenic mechanism, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) directly interferes with __________. a) local inflammatory responses b) complement activation c) adaptive immunity d) activity in primary lymphoid tissues e) innate immunity
c
The process of leukocytes exiting the bloodstream and entering a tissue is called: a) chemotaxis b) adhesion c) extravasation d) clonal selection
c
Which of the following is NOT a type of immunoglobulin? a)IgG b)IgM c)IgB d)IgA
c
An antigen-presenting cell presents an antigen to a T-helper cell __________. a) on its surface attached to an antibody b) inside a vesicle c) on its surface on a class 1 MHC molecule d) on its surface on a class 2 MHC molecule
d
Upon a second exposure to an infection (or an exposure after vaccination), the B cell response is much stronger with a greater antibody production. This is because: a) neutrophils move in to the lymph nodes and promote inflammation. b) the infection wasn't as bad the second time. c) T cells are also activated to the infection, but only the second time. d) the memory B cells have been activated and immediately start producing antibodies.
d
During phagocytosis, if the pseudopods completely surround the bacterium before the lysosomes fuse the contents of the lysosome will be released into the extracellular space. true / false
false
Macrophages and dendritic cells are considered non-professional antigen-presenting cells. true / false?
false
A person has many different clones of B cells in their body, each responding to a different antigen. true / false
true
In passive immunity, a person receives antibodies from someone else (or another animal) and these provide some immunity. true / false ?
true
The secondary immune response to a previously encountered pathogen is swifter and stronger than the primary immune response. true / false
true