Immune System Quiz
Aids, measles, and mumps.
Name 3 viral diseases.
TRUE
TRUE or FALASE bacteria can develope resistance to antibiotics.
B cells
made in bone marrow; "patrol squad". produce proteins called antibodies. hook onto antigen and clump them together so they can be destroyed by phagocytes
macrophage
"eat" pathogens and starts the immune response; activate the helper T cells
active immunity
a person's own immune system produces antibodies in response to the pressure of a pathogen.
passive immunity
antibodies come from another source other than one's own response (shots, mother). It is short lived protection.
prions
are infectious proteins that convert regular celled proteins into phons
weakened
A vaccine is made from a _________ form of a virus.
TRUE
A virus cannot function on its own.
TRUE
A virus is not a cell. It does not have cytoplasm or organelles.
fungi
single or multicelled organism that feed on organic material, includes yeast and molds. have rigid walls and no chlorophyll. (ringworm, athlete's feet)
external body defenses
skin; breathing passages; mouth and stomach; watery eyes.
virus
smallest pathogen, nonliving, change rapidly, reproduces by using a living body cell.
Third line of defense
the immune system's specific response
reproduction
the only life function viruses can preform is ______________.
fever
the response of chemicals produced during inflammitory response. high temps kill pathogens
Examples of third line of defense
B Cells (patrol squad); NK cells or killer cells (finish off virus); T cells (tag virus); antigens and antibodies (clump viruses together so they can be eaten)
Bacteria
Prokaryotic single-celled organisms in the domain Bacteria or archea.
lysoganic cycle
This cycle puts DNA/RNA in a host cell. then replicating as host cell divides.
interferon and antibodies
Two natural defenses the body has against viruses are ________________.
protein
Viruses consist of nucleic acids covered by a coat of _________.
viruses
are small paeticles that change rapidly
bacteria
bacteria; are in the domain Bacteria and Archaea; have no nucleus; does have plasma membrane and cell wall.
First line of defense
barriers that block pathogens
immunity
body's ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease.
protists
cause malaria (Anopheles mosquito); African sleeping sickness (tsetse fly) and Giardia
antigen
chemical structure unique to pathogen
Pathogen
disease- causing agent that spreads communicable diseases.
T cells
helper cells; killer cells; responsible for identifying pathogen by identifying their antigen. signals B cells into action.
protozoa
single celled organism more complex than bacteria. have no specialized tissue, catch all group.
Second line of defense
immune system's nonspecific response
Examples of second line of defense
inflammation (tells body where pathogen is); fever (body temp rises and kills pathogens); interferon (tells other cells about virus)
internal body defenses
inflammatory response and immune response
noncommunicable
or chronic, are not spread by pathogens and are preasant either continuously or for a long time: caused by genetics, lifestyle or environment.
How pathogens are spread
physical or airborne contact with infected person; soil food and water; contaminated objects like towels, silverware, needles; infected animals (rabies, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, West Nile Virus)
interferon
protein made from infectious cells.
histamine
released by most cells in the tissue and basophils in blood; help inflammation to happen and triggers your body to fight invader.
memory B cells
remember what to do it attacked again and respond more quickly
inflammation
result of blood vessels widening and fluid leaking into nearby tissue to prevent spread of disease
bacilli
rod shaped, take in nutrients easily, dry out easily( tetaneus/lockjaw-toxin)
ricketisa
similar to bacteria but multiply like virus, smaller than bacteria.
bacteria
single celled microorganisms, over 1000 kinds but only 100 known cause disease
Antibiotic
substance that kills or shows the growth of bacteria
Examples of first line of defense
tears (carry them away); skin (sweat carries them away); saliva (collects them); stomach acid (destroys them); mucous membrane or breathing passages (sneeze/cough them out)
antibodies
their shape is specialized to match an antigen like a key fits a lock.
communicable
type of disease in which the pathogen can be passed to a person from another person, animal, or object.
cells
viruses, unlike bbacteria, are not composed of _____.
vaccines
weakened or dead form of a virus that triggers an immune response so the body makes antibodies to fight the virus. Booster shots may be necessary. Immune system remembers virus and kills it before it spreads.
lytic cycle
what cycle maufactures viruses
DNA
what is found in a wart or chicken pox virus.
RNA
what is found in colds, flu, or HIV.
capsid
what is the name of the protein coat that covers a virus. `
spacecraft virus shape
what shape of a virus attacks bacteria.
spheres virus shape
what shape of a virus represents the influenza and HIV
crystals virus shape
what shape of a virus represents the pollio disease.
cylinders virus shape
what shape of a virus represents the tabaco mosaic virus
thymus gland
where T cell development is completed
inside
where do scientists find DNA and RNA on the capsid.
phagocytes
white blood cells, engulf pathogens and destroy them
