imperalism
Partition
(especially with reference to a country with separate areas of government) the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts. "the country's partition into separate states
3. missionary Spirit
* christia missionaries attempted to convert the uncivilized natives in the world by setting up churches, schools, and hospitals *europeans believed in social darwinism that whites are themost superior race *europeans believed in the white mans burden that they had a responsibility to civilize the world
results of the Treaty of Versailles
**The German and Russian empires lost much territory. The Austo-Hungarian empire disappeared. **new nation-states emerged from the lands of these three empires: Finland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary. Serbia formed Yugoslavia. **most European states were left with Ethnic minorities which would lead to many later conflicts **the Ottoman Empire was broken up **Acquisitions of Land were called MANDATES .
Matthew perry
arrived with the US navy and forced japan to sign trade treaties
what was the spark that set Europe into war?
europe was in a bad position. it had large armies and navies . the nations were tied together with an alliance. if one country went to war, they all went to war. the archduke of austria-hungary (archduke franz ferdinand was assasisinated). austria-hungary isued an ultimatum to serbia.....either allow A-H to investigate or go to war....serbia declined and A-H declared war.
members of allied powers
france, britain, russia, serbia (later italy and usa)
members of central powers
germany and austria hungary
western front
germany was going to surround the french army....but they were stopped at the battle of marne. they couldn't dislodge each other from the trenches. The western front had become bogged down in trench warfare and both sides stayed in same position for nearly 4 years! (Stretched from Belgian Coast to Switzerland)
members of the triple alliance
germany, austria-hungary, italy
bolsheviks
one of the more radical groups led by V.I. Lenin. they seized power November 6, 1917 and called themselves communist.
how did the way the US gained Alaska differ from the way the US gained Hawaii?
the US bought Alaska feom Russia in 1867. in 1888 the queen of hawaii was overthrown and in 1898 hawaii became a US territory
Motivations for the USA to enter WWI? When?
the US tried to remain neutral but Germany implemented a new effort to stop war material from reaching Britain called Unrestricted submarine warfare. this was the attack of any ship thought to be carrying war materials to Britain or France. The sinking of the ship, Lusitania in 1915 brought greater anger and opposition to germany from the american public. ***once unrestricted submarine warfare started again...the USA joined the war in April 1917
league of nations
wilson wanted to create this league to prevent future wars
1. nationalism
*each country in europe wanted to be the most important and powerful nation *having a lot of overseas colonies showed power *this turned into an all-out race for the est colonies and most numerous colonies
what effect did imperialism have on the continent of Africa?
*imperialists profited from colonial mines, plantations, and factories. *africans were hired at low wages, were not taught professional skills, were heavily taxed, tribes fought with ither tribes *as whites made new colonies in South africa the fought king shaku and the zulu tribe *whites in south africa used segregation called apartheid (legal separation of whites amdblacks) aparthied kept africans out of power for ver 100 years *over time educated africans demanded self rule by 2000 complete independence from European rule *by 1914 these two countries Ethiopia and Liberia were the only independent African nations. Liberia, ironically, was a nation created as a "homeland" for former slaves from the usual
2. economic
*the industrial revolutioj caused a huge demand for more raw material so countries could make more factory produced goods *the industrial revolution caused a hugedemand for new overseas markets to sell their finished goods
What were the three main things the Treaty of versailles did?
1-Article 231-War Guilt Clause-demanded Germany pay reparations for all damages to allied governments (Germany had to pay for war) 2-Germany had to reduce it army by 100,000 men, cut back its navy and eliminate the air force. 3-land that had been taken by the Germans (alsace and lorraine were given back to France). German land along the Rhine River was a new demilitarized zone to hopefully serve as a safety barrier to any future moves against France.
open door policy
1. the policy of admitting people of all nationalities or ethnic groups to a country upon equal terms, as for immigration. 2. the policy or practice of trading with all nations on an equal basis.
why was Asia Imperialized?
3 main reasons: economic, racism, and Religious 1. Economic: capitalists states in West looking for both markets and raw materials 2. Racism: racists falsely believed that particular races are superioror inferior 3. Religious: Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people. the crusades and the age of exploration caused interest in Asia because of the exotic goods like silk spices and gold *asia was the treasure box for explorers and imperialists
role of opium in imperilism of China
England traded opium (drug like heroine) for chinese tea, silk, porcelain, which destroyed the chinese population the chinese government was so upset they went to war against England called the Opium Wars england won and forced china to sign a unequal trade treaties
imperialism
From 1850 to 1914 the strong industrialized countries of the world (england, france, germany, usa) dominated many of theweaker countries of the world and controlled all aspects of their lives). europeans exert influence over the economic, political, and social lives of people they colonize. a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Boshevik group who renamed themselves Communists. They became a party dedicated to violent revolution. He believed that only a violent revolution could destroy capitalist system.
reasons or motivations for Imperalism
Nationalism, Economic competition, the missionary spirit
Provisional Government / alexander Kerenski
The provisional government led by Kerenski called for the removal of the Czar. This new government faced challenges of the authority councils of workers and soldiers.
What did France want?
They wanted revenge and security against future German attacks. They wanted reparations (payments) to cover cost of war and wanted Germany stripped of all weapons.
Paris Peace conference and big Four...Who were they and what did they each want
This was to determine the peace settlement. The Big Three were: US, France and Great Britain. Italy was considered one of the Big Four, however it played a smaller role than the others
monroe doctrine
US President James Monroe passed this which guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations this new plan also warned against any European intervention in the Americas
what did the US want?
Wilson wanted to create a League of Nations to prevent future wars
members of triple entente
brittain, france, russia
mandates
according to this system, a nation officially governed another nation as a mandate on behalf of the League of Nations but did not own the territory.
what did the US Gain from spain
after winning the spanish american war, the US gained Phillipnes, Guam, and Puerto Rico
how was Europe different after the Great War?
central powers redrew the map of Eastern Europe new nation-states emerged ethnic minorities were left within nations and would lead to many future conflicts acquisition of lands were called Mandates....you didnt own the land but you governed a territory.
what effect did imperialism have on Asia.
colonial policy stressed export of raw materials...peasants worked as wage laborers on foreign owned plantations *plantation owners kept wages at poverty levels...conditions were unhealthy and thousands died Colonial Rule did bring some BENEFITS: colonial government built railroads, highways plus small growers of tea, coffee, and spces began to share in profits.
types of imperalism
colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, Colony: a country Governed Internally by foreign power. Direct Control. Examples: Somaliland in East Africa, was a french colony Protectorate: a country or a territory with it's own internal government, but under control of an outside power Examples: British established protectorates over Niger River Delta sphere of influence: an area in which an outside power Claims exclusive investment or trading privileges. Examples: Liberia under The sphere of influence of the united states
Soviets
council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers. They were made up mostly of socialists and represented the more radical interests of the lower classes.
what did Stalin do for Russia?
he transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. However, he ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign.
sepoy mutiny
in 1857 a growing distrust of the British led to a revolt. this is what the British calledthis revolt. indians calls it the First War of Independence. neutral observers call it the Great Rebellion
why was the spanish american war fought
in 1895 the us went to war to help cuba get its independence from spain. when the USS Maine exploded in cuba the US media blammed Spain and was was declared
what does total war mean
involving the complete mobilization of resources and people from a country involved.
what was the schlieffen plan and what does it have to do with western front and eastern front?
it called for a two-front war with France and Russia since the two had formed a military alliance in 1894. germany would conduct a small holding action against russia while most of germany would carry out a rapid invasion of France.
how was the Great War different from previous wars?
it was a "total war"
why was africa imperialized?
little was known about Africa except its coastal until David livingston began to explore the unkown area causing a huge interst and a mad race for colonies
how did the great war affect peoples lives both in battle and on the home front?
many deaths on battlefield, war destroyed towns, farms and buildings, many countries broke because they spent all their money on war. this total war created new roles for women because all of the men had left to fight . women were asked to take over jobs they had not had before like truck drivers, farm workers, etc.
what were the four main causes of war?
militarism, nationalism, imperalism & rivalries, alliances
treaty of Brest-Litovsk
signed by Lenin on March 3, 1918, with Germany ending the Russian involvement in WWI.
significance of the panama canal
the canal linked the Pacific to the Atlantic oceans, gave the US great influence in Latin America
treaty of versailles
the final peace settlement of Paris consisted of five separate treaties with defeated nations: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey.
Romanovs
the new czar in 1613
self determination
the right of each people to have their own nation
What did Great Britain want?
they wanted the Germans to pay for this dreadful war
what was Russia like prior to WWI?
they were feared as a superpower although it was mainly a facade...its underdeveloped economy was mostly a facade.
meiji leadership
this is what the new japanese era's young emperor Mutsuhito called his reign. it was also called the enlightened rule. they knew japan must change to survive, so the embarked on a policy transform Japan into a modern industrial nation
Why was WWI a war of attrition?
this trench style fighting caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in a short time...a war based on wearing down the enemy through constant attack and heavy losses.
Boxer Rebellion
to get rid of all foreigners the boxers were upset by the foreign takeover of chinese lands. their slogan was destroy the foreigner. they especially disliked christian missionaries. boxer was a popular name given to members if a secret organization called the society of harmonious fists. members practiced shadow boxing the enemy
trench warfare/gas warfare/new weapons
trench warfare- elaborate systems of defense...miles of trenches, protected by barbed wire, supported by machine gun and other heavy artillery. this style of war caused hundred of thousands of deaths in short time. gas warfare-- new weapons-- ( machine guns, poison gas, fighter airplanes, and tanks) airplanes allowed their pilots to first observe and later attack.
Eastern Front
unlike the western front, this front was marked by mobility. russia moved into germany but was defeated in battle. russians were no longer threat to germany. germany came to aid of austria .....they defeated the russian army together. germany and austria hungary joined forces by bulgaria and attacked and eliminated Serbia. (Baltic Sea to the Black Sea)
why were nicholas II and Rasputin "problems" to many Russians?
while fighting the Germans and A-H the czar was further isolated from events when a crazy monk named Gregory Rasputin began to influence his wife, Alexandra. he was assassinated, shot three times and then thrown into the Neva River. the working class women led strikes because of the bread rationing. The czar ordered troops to shoot if necessary. A provisional government called for the removal of the czar.
what were Wilson's 14 points
wilson's basis for a peace settlement. **He wanted "self determination" the right of each people to have their own nation. **he also wanted to reduce armaments (military weapons) to a point of domestic safety **he wanted to create a general association of nations to prevent future wars
