imperialism

archipelago

A large group of islands within a limited area

Samoan Islands

Remote Pacific site of a naval clash between the United States and Germany in 1889

nation-state

The modern form of political organization in which the government coincides exactly with the single national territory and population having a distinctive culture, language, history, and so on

scorched-earth policy

The policy of burning and destroying all the property in a given area so as to deny it to an enemy

C and E. The Cuban revolt against Spain

aroused strong sympathy from most Americans

C and E. The Venezuelan boundary dispute

strengthened the Monroe doctrine and made Britain more willing to accommodate the US interests

The platt amendment provided that

the united states had the right to intervene with troops and maintain military bases in Cuba

how was us overseas imperialism in 1898 similar and diff from earlier us continental expansion or "manifest destiny"

very similar- we had the same hunger for it but there were more opposing gparties- anti imperialist league

list in order: -American rebels in Hawaii seek annexation by the United States, but the American president turns them down -A battleship explosion arouses fury in America and leaves the nation into a "splendid little war" with Spain -A South American boundary dispute leads to aggressive American assertion of the Monroe doctrine against Britain -Americans grant Cuba self government but retain naval bases and the right to intervene -The US Senate merrily approves a treaty giving the United States a major colony off the coast of Asia

1. American rebels in Hawaii seek annexation by the United States, but the American president turns them down 3. A battleship explosion arouses fury in America and leaves the nation into a "splendid little war" with Spain 2. A South American boundary dispute leads to aggressive American assertion of the Monroe doctrine against Britain 5. Americans grant Cuba self government but retain naval bases and the right to intervene 4. The US Senate merrily approves a treaty giving the United States a major colony off the coast of Asia

President William McKinley based his decision to make the Philippines in American colony on

A combination of religious piety and material economic interests

A privilege granted by the government to another government, private company, or individual

A privilege granted a the government to another government, private company, or individual

Teller Amendment

Amendment to the declaration of war with Spain that stated the United States would grant Cubans their freedom

USS Maine

American battleship sent on a "friendly" visit to Cuba that ended in disaster and war

Josiah Strong

American clergyman who preached Anglo-Saxon superiority and called for stronger U.S. missionary efforts overseas

Walter Reed

American doctor who led the medical efforts to conquer yellow fever during the US occupation of Cuba

Alfred thayer Mahan

American naval officer who wrote influential books emphasizing sea power and advocating a big navy

Grover Cleveland

American president who refused to annex Hawaii on the grounds that the native ruler had been unjustly deposed

Americans first became concerned with the situation in Cuba because

American sympathized with Cuban rebels in their fight for freedom from Spanish rule

Platt Amendment

American-imposed restriction written into the constitution of Cuba that guaranteed American naval bases on the island and declared that the US had a right to intervene in Cuba

Richard Olney

Belligerent U.S. secretary of state who used the Monroe Doctrine to pressure Britain in the Venezuelan boundary crisis

The final result of Venezuela-Guiana crisis with Britain was

British retreat and growing American-British friendship

rough riders

Colorful volunteer regiment of the Spanish-American War led by a militarily inexperienced but politically influential colonel

yellow fever

Deadly tropical disease conquered during the Spanish-American War by Dr. Walter Reed and other American medical researchers

T or F. Alfred T Mahan argued in his book that the control of colonies to provide raw materials in markets was the key to world history

False

T orF. The Hearst press worked to promote a peaceful, negotiated settlement involving Cuban self government under Spanish rule

False

T or F. President McKinley tried to resist the pr sure for war with Spain coming from business people and Wall Street financiers

False. wall st financiers did not want war

In the Venezuelan boundary conflict, which nation gained more of the disputed territory in the final settlement

Great Britain

Anti-Imperialist League

Group that battled against American colonization of the Philippines, which included such influential citizens as Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie

William James

Harvard philosopher and one of the leading anti-imperialists opposing U.S. acquisition of the Philippines

Theodore Roosevelt

Imperialist advocate, aggressive assistant navy secretary, Rough Rider

William Jennings Bryan

Leading Democratic politician whose intervention narrowly tipped the Senate vote in favor of acquiring the Philippines in 1899

C and E. Theodore Roosevelt's orders to Commodore Dewey

Led to the surprising US victory over Spain at Manila Bay

Manila Bay lies off the coast of which island of the Philippine archipelago

Luzon

Leonard Wood

Military commander of the Rough Riders in Cuba, who later organized the efficient American military government of Cuba

Queen Liliuokalani

Native Hawaiian ruler overthrown in a revolution led by white planters and aided by US troops

george E. Dewey

Naval commander whose spectacular May Day victory in 1898 opened the doors to American imperialism in Asia

what two prime naval harbors did the United States acquire in Samoa and Hawaii

Pago Pago harbor and pearl harbor

even after the maine exploded, the United States was slow to declare war on Cuba because

President McKinley was reluctant to get into a war

William McKinley

President who initially opposed war with Spain but eventually supported U.S. acquisition of the Philippines

Which of the two Spanish on the Caribbean islands conquered by the United States in 1898 was by this from Florida

Puerto Rico

in addition to Cuba, American forces successfully seized the Spanish-owned Caribbean colony of

Puerto Rico

which of the two battle spot by Rough riders - San Juan Hill and El Caney - occurred nearer Santiago Harbor

San Juan Hill

"Butcher" Weyler

Spanish general whose brutal tactics against Cuban rebels outraged American public opinion

Insular cases

Supreme Court cases of 1901 that determined that the U.S. Constitution did not apply in al territories under the American flag

T or F. America remains concerned about Chi international developments in the 1870s and 1880s.

T or F. America remained concerned about key international developments in the 1870s and 1880s.

Emilio Aguindo was

The leader of Filipino insurgents against Spanish rule

which of the following was not among the factors propelling America toward overseas expansion in the 1890s The desire to expand overseas agricultural and manufacturing exports The yellow press of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst The need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials for American industry The ideologies of Anglo-Saxon superiority and social Darwinism

The need to find new African and Asian sources of raw materials for American industry (not)

reconcentration

The policy of forcibly removing a population to confined areas in order to deny support to enemy forces

President McKinley was partially motivated by religion and his decision to keep the Philippines

True

T or F. Admiral Dewey's squadron attacked Spanish forces in the Philippines because of secret orders give by Assistant Navy Secretary Theodore Roosevelt

True

T or F. American forces were aided in capturing Manila by native Filipinos who were rebelling against Spain

True

T or F. Americans strongly sympathized with the Cubans' revolt against imperialist Spain

True

T or F. The Spanish-American war made the United States a full-fledged power in east Asia

True

William R. Hearst

Vigorous promoter of sensationalistic anti-Spanish propaganda and eager advocate of war

President Grover Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because

White planters had illegally overthrown Queen Lilioukalani against the wishes of most native Hawaiians

even before the sinking of the Maine, the American public's indignation at Spain had been whipped into a frenzy by

William Randolph Hearst's sensational newspaper accounts of Spanish atrocities in Cuba

hostage

a person or thing forcibly held in order to obtain certain goals or agreements

atrocity

a specific act of extreme cruelty

jingoist

aggressively patriotic and warlike

proviso

an article or cause in a statute, treaty, or contract establishing a particular stipulation or condition affecting the whole document

reciprocity

an exchange of equal privileges between two governments

Alfred thayer Mayhan promoted American overseas expansion by

arguing that sea power was the key to world domination

The largest cause of American deaths in Cuba was

bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions

Our Country (its passive future)

book written by protestant minister that proclaimed the superiority of anglo-saxon civilization

what were causes and signs of america's sudden turn toward international involvement at end of 19th century

causes- patriotism, economics, need to prove american military strategic dominance signs- assertion of the monroe doctrine in boundary dispute between britain and venezuela

c and e. The maine explosion

created an emotional and irresistible public demand for war with Spain

C and E. The confusion and weakness of Spains army and navy

enabled Americas unprepared military forces to gain quick and easy victories

C and E. The Spanish-American war

enhanced American national pride and made the United States an international power in east Asia

T or F. The American military conquest of Cuba was efficient, but very costly in battlefield casualties

false

T or F. The Supreme Court decided in the insular cases that American constitutional law and rights applied fully in the US colonial possessions of Puerto Rico and the Philippines

false

T or F. The Venezuelan boundary dispute was resolved when the United States backed away because of its growing conflict with Germany

false

T or F. The treaty to annex the Philippines was approved by a wide margin in the Senate

false. Not a wide margin - unpopular

T or F. The South American boundary dispute in 1895 to 1896 nearly resulted in a US war with Venezuela

false. US war with Britain*

What were key arguments for and against US imperialism?

for- would expand us markets, more natural resources, cultural superiority, expand naval army, country has a right to expand (strengthen economy, expand military, country's duty to civilize world) against- morally wrong, despotism, US entangled in political and military conflicts that are not its own, racist

as soon as the US declared war on Spain, commodore George Dewey sailed to the Philippine islands because

he had been ordered to do so by assistant Navy secretary Theodore Roosevelt

Emilio Aguinaldo

leader of the filipino insurgents who aided americans in defeating spain and taking Manila

among prominent americans who opposed annexation of the philippines were

mark twain and william james

what role did press and public opinion play in the origin, conduct, and results of spanish american war

mckinley was very aware of the public's opinion and he gave into their demands, press stimulated peoples emotions and sympathies for the Cubans fight for independence

Pro-imperialist Americans argued that the Philippines should be seized because of

patriotism and economic opportunities

monroe doctrine

principle of american foreign policy invoked by Secretary of State Olney to justify american intervention in a Venezuelan boy dry disputed

how did US get into spanish american war over initial objections of mckinley

public wanted war badly, Hearst yellow journalism, use maine explosion, Debm letter against McKinley

C and E. McKinleys decision to keep the Philippines

set off a bitter debate about imperialism in the Senate and the country

C and E. The white planter revolt against queen Lilioukalani

set off the first debate about wisdom and rightness of American overseas imperialism

what were some of the short and long term results of us acquisition of the Philippines and puerto rico

short- cleaned up puerto rico, health and control long- investment and immigration to the us cause probles

Chile

south american nation that nearly came to blows with the US in 1892 over an incident involving the deaths of american sailors

Manila Bay

sure of the dramatic american naval victory that led to US acquisition of rich, Spanish-owned Pacific islands

yellow press

term for the sensationalistic and jingoistic pro war journalism practiced by W.R. Heart and joseph pulitzer

puerto rico

the caribbean island conquered from spain in 1898 that became an important american colony

C and E. W. J. Bryan's last-minute support for the treaty acquiring the Philippines

tipped a narrow Senate vote in favor of imperialist acquisition of the Philippines

T or F. President Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because he believed that the white planters there had unjustly deposed Queen Lilioukalani

true

C and E. economic expansion, the yellow press, and competition with other powers

turned America away from isolationism and toward international involvements in the 1890s

pearl harbor

valuable naval base acquired by the US from the hawaiian govt in 1887