Imperialism in Asia and Latin America

Treaty of Nanjing

"unequal treaty" to end Opium War in which China had to accept British terms for peace

Taiping Rebellion

(1850-1864) revolt against the Qing dynasty in China led by Hong Xiuquan, a convert to Christianity; over 20 million Chinese died; eventually suppressed with British and French aid

Panama Canal

A canal that crosses the isthmus of Panama connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Built by the United States between 1904 and 1914.

balance of trade

difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports

Boxer Uprising (Rebellion)

1898-1900 A group of Chinese formed a secret society called The Righteous Harmonious Fists, their goal was to drive out foreign devils who were polluting the land with non traditional [Chinese] ways.

Open Door Policy

American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China and other nations

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

zaibatsu

The large family-controlled banking and industrial groups that owned many companies in Japan before World War II.

Meiji Restoration

The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868, in which a collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, modernization, and imperialism.

Opium Wars

Wars between Britain and the Qing Empire (mid 1800s), caused by the Qing government's refusal to let Britain import Opium. China lost and Britain and most other European powers were able to develop a strong trade presence throughout China against their wishes.

regionalism

a group (often ethnic) which identifies with a particular region of a state rather than with the state as a whole

Three Principles of the People

•rights (democracy), livelihood (economic security) nationalism (end to foreign control)