important terms to know for 257 final/quizzes

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Which phase of the research process would computing what percentage of subject were clinically depressed occur in?

Analytic phase

The Institute of Medicine Report supports the relationship of improved quality of care to:

Increased levels of nursing education

There is a rapid aging of the baby boomer generation. Identify the most significant element in the continued rise in health-care costs in the United States related to this aging population.

Increasing need for chronic long-term health care

Evidence-based nursing primarily includes which of the following to answer clinical questions?

Obtaining the highest level research

According to Healthy People 2020 identify the purpose of providing services to maintain health for the general public:

Promotes the detection of illness & caring for injuries

Research designed to solve a pressing practical problem__________(as opposed to basic) research

applied

A principle that is believed to be true without proof or verification is a(n)_________.

assumption

Information gathered in a study is called

data

Which large-volume enema solution—tap water, soap suds, or polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution—results in the least mucosal irritation in patients with constipation?

foreground quesiton

What bed rest elevation for mechanically ventilated patients is maximally effective in reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?

foreground question

What is it like for patients with HIV or AIDS to adapt to changes in body weight and ensuing body image changes?

foreground question

The degree to which research findings can be applied to people who did not participate in a study concerns its_________________.

generalizability

A qualitative tradition that focuses on social psychological process within a social setting is called ______________ theory.

grounded

A clinical practice _______________based on rigorous systematic evidence is an important tool for evidence based care

guideline

The presumed influence on the dependent variable is the _____________ variable.

independent

The variable that requires an operational definition

independent and dependent variables

A ________is a worldview, a way of looking at natural phenomena.

paradigm

The qualitative research tradition that focuses on lived experience is ________________________.

phenomenology

When a new protocol or guideline is developed in an evidence-based practice (EBP) project, it should be ________________to evaluate utility

piloted

Which phase of the research process would deciding what type of design to use occur in?

planning phase

A __________________ is the entire aggregate in which a researcher is interested in.

population

The 'P' in PICO refers to ____________.

population

____________ is the world view that assumes that there is an orderly reality that can be studies objectively.

positivism

In organizational EBP projects, an important activity is pilot testing and evaluating an evidence-based innovation. t/f

true

Quantitative researchers perform___________analysis of their data sets.

statistical

_________reviews of randomized controlled trials (RTC's) are at the pinnacle of most evidence hierarchies.

systemic

In a meta-analysis, the unit of analysis is an individual study rather than an individual study participant t/f

true

In asking clinical foreground questions, there is always a "P" component, regardless of question type. t/f

true

In the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 2000 report, what was the estimated number of clients who die every year due to hospital-related mistakes?

98,000

Which of the following is an example of a systematic review? A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Nursing Research A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database A synopsis published in Evidence Based Nursing A clinical practice guideline from the National Guideline Clearing House

A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database

Construct

A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research

Data

A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research

Data analysis

A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research

Study participant

A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research

theory

A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research

Developing strategies to avoid collection of new data

An activity in neither quantitative or qualitative research

Analyzing the data for major themes or categories

An activity in qualitative research

Ending data collection once saturation is achieved

An activity in qualitative research

Gaining entry into a site and negotiating with gatekeepers

An activity in qualitative research

Choosing between an experimental or nonexperimental design

An activity in quantitative research

Developing or evaluating measurement instruments

An activity in quantitative research

Formulating hypotheses to be tested statistically

An activity in quantitative research

Disseminating research results

An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research

Doing a literature review

An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research

Taking steps to ensure protection of human rights

An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research

Another name for an outcome variable is:

Dependent variable

The variable that is the presumed effect

Dependent variable

Ethnographic research is based on the following:

Focus on the study of culture

The nurse is preparing to do a research study. Which phase of the research would be part of the conceptual phase of conducting research?

Identifying a suitable theoretical framework

Identify the most appropriate political activities for nurses at the state level.

Introduce legislation and seek sponsors

The nurse is reading a research article based on observational research. The nurse is aware that another name for this is:

Non-experimental research

Which of the following is part of qualitative research? Weekend and night outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency room Trends in hospitalizations of patients admitted with antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis Predicting risks of serious complications of abdominal surgery Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness

Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness

The profession of nursing collectively through its professional organizations must:

Maintain integrity of the profession, articulate nursing values

The Joint Commission sets mandatory National Client Safety Goals so that hospitals can improve quality & safety by:

Making these goals a priority in client care

Which phase of the research process would deciding to collect data from 300 alcoholics in treatments occur in?

Planning phase

What are the 4 components of asking a well-worded clinical question:

Population Intervention Comparison Outcome

Which demographic factor has the most significant effect on the health-care delivery system of the future?

Rapidly increasing average age of the population

Which of the following is defines the concept of emancipatory knowing

Reflection on social, cultural, and political injustice

Why is the input of nurses vital to legislators?

The majority of the legislators do not have health care backgrounds

Which of the following is a fundamental belief of those who adhere to a positivist paradigm?

The researcher assumes there is an orderly reality that is studied objectively

Informant

a term used in qualitative research

Phenomenon

a term used in qualitative research

Subject

a term used in quantitative research

Variable

a term used in quantitative research

What is the pathophysiology of Lyme disease?

background question

When do complications of pneumonia usually occur?

background question

Many studies seek to understand determinants of phenomena and are referred to as_________probing.

cause

The _____________Collaboration is a cornerstone of EBP.

chochrane

Research designed to inform nursing practice is referred to as ____________nursing research

clinical

A study that tests the effect of an intervention is a ____________________.

clinical trial

Which of the following is a cornerstone of evidence based practice?

cochrane collaboration

Which phase of the research process would Identifying a suitable theoretical framework occur in?

conceptual phase

Which phase of the research process would conducting a literature review occur in?

conceptual phase

The world view that holds that there are multiple interpretations of a reality is____________.

constructivism

another name for an outcome variable

dependent

The positivist assumption that phenomena are not random but rather have antecedent causes is called__________.

determinism

If the independent variable is the cause, the dependent variable is the __________.

effect

_______evidence refers to evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered through the senses.

empirical

Which phase of the research process would distributing questionnaires to a group of nursing home residents occur in?

empirical phase

The evidence-based practice movement originated in the United States. t/f

false

A type of qualitative research that focuses on the study of culture is________________.

ethnography

The broad class of research that involves an intervention is______________ research.

experimental

An evidence hierarchy for a "meaning" question ranks RCTs as Level II evidence. t/f

false

In the PICO acronym, the "O" component of clinical questions stands for Observation. t/f

false

Problem-focused triggers in the Iowa Model are more akin to research utilization. t/f

false

Research utilization is essentially synonymous with evidence-based practice. True False

false

Systematic reviews are always in the form of a meta-analysis. t/f

false

When asking a clinical therapy question the "I" component refers to the ____________.

intervention

Nurses have discussions in practice settings to read and evaluate studies in the context of ____________

journal clubs

Some Qualitative researchers do not undertake an up front____________________.

literature review

Another name for non-experimental research, often used in the literature is ____________research

observational

The_______________definition indicates how a variable will be measured or observed

operational

When asking a clinical question the 'O' component refers to the_____________.

outcome

_________is the repeating of a study to determine if findings can be upheld with a new groups of people.

replication

a_______is a subset of a population from whom data are gathered

sample

Data ________________is a principle used to decide when to stop sampling in a qualitative study.

saturation

A systematic abstract explanation of a phenomenon is a(n)________________.

theory

A single RCT would be level II on an evidence hierarchy for____________ questions.

therapy

A key step in an individual EBP effort is to integrate appraised research evidence with expertise and local contextual information. t/f

true

A metasynthesis integrates knowledge from multiple qualitative studies. t/f

true


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