important terms to know for 257 final/quizzes
Which phase of the research process would computing what percentage of subject were clinically depressed occur in?
Analytic phase
The Institute of Medicine Report supports the relationship of improved quality of care to:
Increased levels of nursing education
There is a rapid aging of the baby boomer generation. Identify the most significant element in the continued rise in health-care costs in the United States related to this aging population.
Increasing need for chronic long-term health care
Evidence-based nursing primarily includes which of the following to answer clinical questions?
Obtaining the highest level research
According to Healthy People 2020 identify the purpose of providing services to maintain health for the general public:
Promotes the detection of illness & caring for injuries
Research designed to solve a pressing practical problem__________(as opposed to basic) research
applied
A principle that is believed to be true without proof or verification is a(n)_________.
assumption
Information gathered in a study is called
data
Which large-volume enema solution—tap water, soap suds, or polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution—results in the least mucosal irritation in patients with constipation?
foreground quesiton
What bed rest elevation for mechanically ventilated patients is maximally effective in reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia?
foreground question
What is it like for patients with HIV or AIDS to adapt to changes in body weight and ensuing body image changes?
foreground question
The degree to which research findings can be applied to people who did not participate in a study concerns its_________________.
generalizability
A qualitative tradition that focuses on social psychological process within a social setting is called ______________ theory.
grounded
A clinical practice _______________based on rigorous systematic evidence is an important tool for evidence based care
guideline
The presumed influence on the dependent variable is the _____________ variable.
independent
The variable that requires an operational definition
independent and dependent variables
A ________is a worldview, a way of looking at natural phenomena.
paradigm
The qualitative research tradition that focuses on lived experience is ________________________.
phenomenology
When a new protocol or guideline is developed in an evidence-based practice (EBP) project, it should be ________________to evaluate utility
piloted
Which phase of the research process would deciding what type of design to use occur in?
planning phase
A __________________ is the entire aggregate in which a researcher is interested in.
population
The 'P' in PICO refers to ____________.
population
____________ is the world view that assumes that there is an orderly reality that can be studies objectively.
positivism
In organizational EBP projects, an important activity is pilot testing and evaluating an evidence-based innovation. t/f
true
Quantitative researchers perform___________analysis of their data sets.
statistical
_________reviews of randomized controlled trials (RTC's) are at the pinnacle of most evidence hierarchies.
systemic
In a meta-analysis, the unit of analysis is an individual study rather than an individual study participant t/f
true
In asking clinical foreground questions, there is always a "P" component, regardless of question type. t/f
true
In the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 2000 report, what was the estimated number of clients who die every year due to hospital-related mistakes?
98,000
Which of the following is an example of a systematic review? A randomized controlled trial published in the Journal of Nursing Research A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database A synopsis published in Evidence Based Nursing A clinical practice guideline from the National Guideline Clearing House
A meta-analysis from the Cochrane database
Construct
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Data
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Data analysis
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Study participant
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
theory
A term used in both quantitative and qualitative research
Developing strategies to avoid collection of new data
An activity in neither quantitative or qualitative research
Analyzing the data for major themes or categories
An activity in qualitative research
Ending data collection once saturation is achieved
An activity in qualitative research
Gaining entry into a site and negotiating with gatekeepers
An activity in qualitative research
Choosing between an experimental or nonexperimental design
An activity in quantitative research
Developing or evaluating measurement instruments
An activity in quantitative research
Formulating hypotheses to be tested statistically
An activity in quantitative research
Disseminating research results
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Doing a literature review
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Taking steps to ensure protection of human rights
An activity in both quantitative and qualitative research
Another name for an outcome variable is:
Dependent variable
The variable that is the presumed effect
Dependent variable
Ethnographic research is based on the following:
Focus on the study of culture
The nurse is preparing to do a research study. Which phase of the research would be part of the conceptual phase of conducting research?
Identifying a suitable theoretical framework
Identify the most appropriate political activities for nurses at the state level.
Introduce legislation and seek sponsors
The nurse is reading a research article based on observational research. The nurse is aware that another name for this is:
Non-experimental research
Which of the following is part of qualitative research? Weekend and night outcomes of patients admitted to the emergency room Trends in hospitalizations of patients admitted with antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis Predicting risks of serious complications of abdominal surgery Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness
Lived experience of nursing students dealing with chronic illness
The profession of nursing collectively through its professional organizations must:
Maintain integrity of the profession, articulate nursing values
The Joint Commission sets mandatory National Client Safety Goals so that hospitals can improve quality & safety by:
Making these goals a priority in client care
Which phase of the research process would deciding to collect data from 300 alcoholics in treatments occur in?
Planning phase
What are the 4 components of asking a well-worded clinical question:
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
Which demographic factor has the most significant effect on the health-care delivery system of the future?
Rapidly increasing average age of the population
Which of the following is defines the concept of emancipatory knowing
Reflection on social, cultural, and political injustice
Why is the input of nurses vital to legislators?
The majority of the legislators do not have health care backgrounds
Which of the following is a fundamental belief of those who adhere to a positivist paradigm?
The researcher assumes there is an orderly reality that is studied objectively
Informant
a term used in qualitative research
Phenomenon
a term used in qualitative research
Subject
a term used in quantitative research
Variable
a term used in quantitative research
What is the pathophysiology of Lyme disease?
background question
When do complications of pneumonia usually occur?
background question
Many studies seek to understand determinants of phenomena and are referred to as_________probing.
cause
The _____________Collaboration is a cornerstone of EBP.
chochrane
Research designed to inform nursing practice is referred to as ____________nursing research
clinical
A study that tests the effect of an intervention is a ____________________.
clinical trial
Which of the following is a cornerstone of evidence based practice?
cochrane collaboration
Which phase of the research process would Identifying a suitable theoretical framework occur in?
conceptual phase
Which phase of the research process would conducting a literature review occur in?
conceptual phase
The world view that holds that there are multiple interpretations of a reality is____________.
constructivism
another name for an outcome variable
dependent
The positivist assumption that phenomena are not random but rather have antecedent causes is called__________.
determinism
If the independent variable is the cause, the dependent variable is the __________.
effect
_______evidence refers to evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered through the senses.
empirical
Which phase of the research process would distributing questionnaires to a group of nursing home residents occur in?
empirical phase
The evidence-based practice movement originated in the United States. t/f
false
A type of qualitative research that focuses on the study of culture is________________.
ethnography
The broad class of research that involves an intervention is______________ research.
experimental
An evidence hierarchy for a "meaning" question ranks RCTs as Level II evidence. t/f
false
In the PICO acronym, the "O" component of clinical questions stands for Observation. t/f
false
Problem-focused triggers in the Iowa Model are more akin to research utilization. t/f
false
Research utilization is essentially synonymous with evidence-based practice. True False
false
Systematic reviews are always in the form of a meta-analysis. t/f
false
When asking a clinical therapy question the "I" component refers to the ____________.
intervention
Nurses have discussions in practice settings to read and evaluate studies in the context of ____________
journal clubs
Some Qualitative researchers do not undertake an up front____________________.
literature review
Another name for non-experimental research, often used in the literature is ____________research
observational
The_______________definition indicates how a variable will be measured or observed
operational
When asking a clinical question the 'O' component refers to the_____________.
outcome
_________is the repeating of a study to determine if findings can be upheld with a new groups of people.
replication
a_______is a subset of a population from whom data are gathered
sample
Data ________________is a principle used to decide when to stop sampling in a qualitative study.
saturation
A systematic abstract explanation of a phenomenon is a(n)________________.
theory
A single RCT would be level II on an evidence hierarchy for____________ questions.
therapy
A key step in an individual EBP effort is to integrate appraised research evidence with expertise and local contextual information. t/f
true
A metasynthesis integrates knowledge from multiple qualitative studies. t/f
true
