INAG 110 midterm
Chandra is speaking with Annette about her class project. Annette looks at Chandra while she speaks and nods politely, even though she is thinking of what she's making for dinner. Chandra begins to talk about what she's making for dinner and catches Annette's attention. After a while the conversation continues and Annette thinks about all of the emails she needs to respond to. She knows she has a personal issue she needs to resolve and she can't get it off her mind. Besides Annette listening to Chandra about what she's making for dinner, the conversation has not gone well. Which part of this description indicates message overload?
After a while the conversation continues and Annette thinks about the emails she needs to respond to.
A deliberately vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way is referred to as _________________.
An Equivocation
Caroline tells Kevin she is not happy with him staying out late the night before. Kevin responds by telling Caroline that she isn't the boss of him. Caroline then responds by telling him that she thinks he's hateful. The negative dialogue continues to worsen. What does this situation exemplify?
An escalatory conflict spiral
Annie is going to present a present to her friend Janice at her going-away ceremony at work. She texts Janice to confirm she is coming. She texts, "R U coming 2 the ceremony?" The ceremony will be held in the conference room. The conference room door says "Employees Only." Which part of this description best represents the importance of phonological rules?
Annie is going to present a present to her friend Janice.
Define the term attribution and describe the perceptual errors your book mentions that can lead to inaccurate attributions
Attribution is when you perceive something and make assumptions based off of your own beliefs/meaning. The perceptual errors are that individuals are less harsh on themselves when something unwanted happened, than if it happened to other people. After a bad breakup, they might blame everything on the other person rather than thinking about their own faults. Another perceptual error is that people tend to focus on the negative comments more than the positive ones because it is instinctual for us to pay more attention to threatening situations. To add on to that, people could also experience the halo effect where if someone compliments them in a nice way, they would automatically assume that the other person is positive in all aspects. Lastly, people tend to like the people that they seem to share something common with.
Bryan's speech tends to speed up when he is nervous, and his pitch becomes higher. Which is the correct description of these nonverbal behaviors?
Both his speed and pitch are paralanguage.
__________ describe deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have precise meanings known to everyone within a cultural group.
Emblems
A pleasant term substituted for a more direct but potentially less pleasant one is referred to as _________________.
Euphamism
Alan is a fifth grade teacher. He is teaching his students about photosynthesis. He begins by reminding them that plants need sunlight to grow. Later, he continues by describing how plants are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. How is he making it easy for his students to listen?
He is transitioning from familiar to newer information.
Darius is a college student who plays video games every night for entertainment. Most of the games he enjoys portray women as weak and helpless and men as strong and independent. What does research suggest we can assume about Darius?
His beliefs about gender are stereotypical.
Even though your class discussion was lively, fun, and productive in achieving its goals, you can't remember who said what. Which option below best relates to this discussion?
It demonstrates task-oriented communication that was not interpersonal.
An important five-step organizational pattern for persuasive speeches is referred to as ___________.
Monroe's Motivated Sequence
George is introverted and finds it difficult to make face-to-face conversation. However, when George is online, he is able to compose long and highly revealing messages. This best illustrates which advantage of online communication?
Online communication can feel nonthreatening.
Amy is telling Katherine about some relationship issues she's having. Katherine really understands the feelings Amy is expressing. Katherine's understanding matches what Amy is saying. What best explains Katherine's response to Amy?
She is engaged in high-fidelity listening.
Chandra is speaking with Annette about her class project. Annette looks at Chandra while she speaks and nods politely, even though she is thinking of what she's making for dinner. Chandra begins to talk about what she's making for dinner and catches Annette's attention. After a while the conversation continues and Annette thinks about all of the emails she needs to respond to. She knows she has a personal issue she needs to resolve and she can't get it off her mind. Besides Annette listening to Chandra about what she's making for dinner, the conversation has not gone well. Which part of this description indicates psychological noise?
She knows she has a personal issue she needs to resolve and she can't get it off her mind.
Annie is going to present a present to her friend Janice at her going-away ceremony at work. She texts Janice to confirm she is coming. She texts, "R U coming 2 the ceremony?" The ceremony will be help in the conference room. The conference room door says "Employees Only." Which part of this description best represents syntactic rules?
She texts, "R U coming 2 the ceremony?"
A politician is overheard calling a constituent some very colorful names. While the conversation is not meant for the public, it is reported nonetheless and a story is run in the local paper. Many constituents are angry about what was said, but what wasn't reported was that the politician went to elementary school with the constituent and he was an old friend. How might the unknown fact change public's understanding of the words used?
The name-calling may have been playful banter amongst old friends, because meanings rest in people, not in words.
Analyze the statements below and identify the statement that exemplifies the need step establishing the problem.
The prevalence of plastic waste is cluttering waterways, endangering wildlife, and damaging scenery on our planet.
A reciprocating communication pattern in which each person's message reinforces the other's is called _______________.
a spiral
"All this talk about 'family values' is hypocritical. Take old Gubbins there, who made a speech about the 'sanctity of marriage' last year. Now it turns out he was having an affair with his secretary, and his wife is suing him for divorce." This is an example of a(n) ____________.
ad hominem fallacy
A pattern in which disconfirming messages reinforce one another, often leading to a full-blown argument is called _______________.
an escalatory conflict spiral
Friends have told Marcy that they've seen her partner on dates with other people, but Marcy doesn't seem to hear what they are saying. Marcy is most likely to be ________________.
an insulated listener
A movie star is convincing the general public about the dangers of immunizing children. This is an example of a(n) ______________.
argumentum ad verecundiam fallacy
Beatrice is a talented softball player. She has won many awards for her abilities. She often helps teens that play for the city league. They appreciate her because she helps without making them feel bad about playing poorly. What best explains why the city league players don't feel defensive about Beatrice's help?
because she wasn't acting superior
A ____________ is an expressed opinion that the speaker would like the audience to accept.
claim
Another technique for effective informative speaking is to employ ____________, which involves using precise wording and avoiding jargon.
clear, simple language
the ability to achieve goals while maintaining or enhancing a relationship in which it occurs involves __________________.
communication competence
Communication can be a tool for expressing warm feelings and useful facts, but under different circumstances the same words and actions can cause both physical and emotional pain. This is because ____________.
communication isn't always a good thing
Bella talks to Christopher about the problems she's been having with her mother. Christopher suggests she speak with her mother until they reach a solution. Which misconception of communication is Christopher most likely basing his suggestion on?
communication solves all problems
Asking yourself which interpretation of a nonverbal cue is most consistent with the sender's other nonverbal behaviors is a way of __________.
considering the context
Competent communication is _______________ communication.
effective
According to the textbook, _______________ are typically judged to be appealing and trustworthy.
effective listeners
A ____________ is an error in logic.
fallacy
Child care professionals or parents who interact with children every day are exceptionally skilled at determining if children are telling the truth.
false
A receiver's perceivable response to a message is ____________.
feedback
A socially constructed set of expectations about what it means to be "masculine" or "feminine" is referred to as ________________.
gender
According to the textbook, when women dig deep to find a matching experience or emotion to share, this can be one reason why _______________.
happiness (as well as dissatisfaction) often feels contagious
Ahmed has only been in the United States for a year and has not completely adjusted to new social norms. He notices his friend has had an acne breakout and says, "Your face looks terrible." His friend is very unhappy with the comment. What could Ahmed have done to better manage his identity to follow social rules?
he could have kept quiet and not make any comments
If you normally wear casual clothes, but dress more formally to attend a traffic court in the hope of being treated more sympathetically, you are showing that ______________.
identity management can be goal-oriented
Communication scholars use the term ____________ to describe the degree of interest and attraction we feel toward and communicate to others.
immediacy
Bill is talking to Ted when Ted interrupts him. Bill responds to the interruption by saying, "You couldn't care less about anything I have to say!" This is an example of ____________.
inference
A(n) _____________ is generally worded to stress audience knowledge, ability, or both.
informative purpose statement
Listeners that are not able to look beyond the stated words and/or nonverbal cues of a speaker to understand the real meaning are called ________________.
insensitive listeners
A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals is referred to in the chapter as _________________.
language
Luis thinks that listening is an activity like breathing, which people automatically do well. However, he tends to multitask while he's on the phone and doesn't give the callers his full attention. Which myth about listening is Luis likely subscribing to?
listening is a natural process
An example of external noise is ____________.
loud noise
Ashley told her subordinate, "Yes, I know I said I wouldn't ask you to work late again this week, but you would really be doing me a favor, and after all, you are a friend as well as an employee, and I know how much you value your loyalty to me and to this company." This demonstrates _____________.
manipulative language
Clara is a very punctual person who prefers to complete one task before starting another. Clara has a __________ orientation.
monochromic
A large national retailer uses Twitter to send messages to its customers. In this case, social media is __________________.
more like mass communication
nonverbal communicationA message expressed through nonlinguistic means is called __________.
nonverbal communication
Because you may overestimate how well you hide your anxiety, boredom, or eagerness from others, it is important to __________.
observe yourself
Mark's history professor thinks Mark is always listening to lectures because he makes eye contact, nods, and smiles. In reality, Mark is catching up with friends on Instagram. The professor doesn't realize that Mark is ________________.
pseudolistener
A _____________ conveys the affective and social relationship between two or more individuals.
relational message
A ____________________ occurs when a person's expectation of an outcome, and their subsequent behavior, make the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise have been the case.
self-fulfilling prophecy
Ashley gives a speech to the school board and stumbles on her words. The next time she speaks to the school board, she expects to stumble on her words again, which makes her nervous. Her nervousness causes her to stumble on her words again. This is likely a result of __________________.
self-fulfilling prophecy
Amy is a competent communicator. She goes to Jill's house and notices that Jill seems unhappy. She initially wonders if it's something she did, but she quickly considers that something else might have happened, or even that she may not be unhappy at all. Amy was competent in this situation because _________________.
she was cognitively complex
Because women use conversation to pursue _________________ needs, female speech often contains statements that show support for the other person, demonstrate equality, and keep the conversation going.
social
A person's name, accent, usage of powerful and powerless speech, and affiliative language can affect their ______________.
status
As neither characteristically male nor female styles of speech meet all communication needs, what does the text suggest for improving linguistic competence?
switch and combine styles
Arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator's thoughts are referred to in the chapter as _________________.
symbols
Chandra just discovered that she uses a condescending tone with people when she disagrees with them. The people she disagrees with have always known she used such a tone with them. Which area of the Johari Window represents Chandra's behavior prior to her discovery?
the blind area
A new theory of gender proposing that gender cannot be simply categorized, that social expectations can be confining, and that showing gender qualities may be related to context and mood, is called ________________.
the gender matrix
Ashley considers herself as someone fearful of public speaking. She is asked to speak to the school board about a new project she's working on. When she speaks to the school board, she is fearful and stumbles on her words. This is likely because __________________.
the self-concept influences communication with others
A person's biological category such as male, female, and intersex are referred to as ________________.
their sex
Andrew can't help noticing and being negatively impacted by an interviewer's frown as he explains to her why he left his last job. This scenario demonstrates which model of communication?
transactional
Applying the results of a study of the National Basketball Association would lead you as a college coach to encourage touching among teammates in the hope of improving your team's performance.
true
Because women have traditionally been responsible for child care, they may have learned to display and decipher nonverbal cues to better communicate with youngsters who are not yet proficient using language.
true
A ____________ is a statement that justifies the use of evidence for a particular claim.
warrant
Anton is the dependable employee at his job. He is always focused and serious at work. When he's with his friends, he's considered a carefree jokester who is chronically late. What below might best explain the difference?
we have multiple identities
Before committing yourself to helping another person
welcome