IND2130 Quiz 2
American Bar
Adolf Loos Dominated by American standing bar Rich materials left in natural state Geometric shapes, coffered ceiling, leather
Modernism in Japan
After WW2 Marry universal with regional Pulling on tatami mat Wanted to create something that was distinctly their own Perriand & Maekawa
"The International Style Since 1922"
Henry Russell Hitchcock & Philip Johnson Identifies leaders of modernism, mainly European Ignores the idealism & theories of leaders Attempt to take politics out of architecture Makes modernism more palatable to designers & public Deems Wright too romantic
Villa Mairea
Interested in nature and locality Broader embrace than Franko Emphasis on light and air Plants, texture, wood
Principles of the International Style
Introduced modernism to the US
Robie House
Low broad cantilever roofs Terraces bring int out Ribbon Windows Had mortar tinted Many overlapping spaces Lower ceilings, skylights Strong horizontal scheme
Chapel for the Capuchinas Sacramentarias del Purism
Luis Barragan Uses light as architectural element Lattice window, stained glass Painted lemon color w/ golden wood Clear cut volumes
Wassily Chair
Marcel Breuer Inspired by bike handlebars Outline of club chair, design for manufacture Costly to make
Barcelona Pavilion
Meis Van der Rohe Not for living, just an exhibit Plain geometric style Influenced by FLW Asymmetrical & fluid Ostentatious materials
Barcelona Chair
Mies Van der Rohe Meant as a throne Chrome plated steel Framing almost completely handmade
Vladimir Tatlin
Monument of the Third International Never progressed past model Leaning truss Symbol of New Soviet Union
Belgium Art Nouveau
Nature & organic motifs are important Patrons see themselves rejecting tradition & conservatism Victor Horta
Henry Van de Velde
Oak and Leather Chair & Desk Tobacco Shop - painted borders at top, total work, more geometric reference, thick sweeping curves Francois Habys Barber Shop - function was exposed to be used as ornament
Alvar Aalto
Paimo Sanatorium Viipuri City Library Paimio Chair Villa Mairea
Joseph Hoffman
Palais Stoclet - Geometric, design for Belgium banker, marble tiles held by gilded metal, most important rooms protrude, interiors plain, no ornamentation, marble, onyx, teak & mosaics
Russian Constructivism
Protomodernism Envisioned an architecture propelled forward by the forces of industrialization, exploiting materials such as steel, concrete & glass Succumbed quickly to the classicism of Stalin, but had a significant impact on the Bauhaus Vladimir Tatlin
De Stjil
Protomodernism Founded in Holland by painters & architects Seeks to produce universal style Purity of form & design, straight lines, right angles Gerrit Rietveld & Piet Mondrian
Gustav Klimt
"The Kiss" - use of rich materials, worked closely with Joseph Hoffman
Walter Gropius Quote
"This is more than just a war...A world has come to an end."
Le Corbusier Quotes
"We must fight against the old-world house,which made a bad use of space.We must look upon the house as a machine for living in or as a tool." "The styles of Louis XIV, XV, XVI or Gothic, are to architecture what a feather is on a woman's head; it is sometimes pretty, though not always, and never anything more."
Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture
1) Pilotis (columns) 2) Free Plan 3) Free Facade 4) Ribbon Windows 5) Roof Garden Thought way to achieve rational functional design
Paimo Sanatorium
Alvar Aalto TB hospital All patients had access to light, fresh air, exercise Thought about the patients Adjustability to maximize patient comfort
US Art Nouveau
American's were wary of the style's association with decadence & socialism Came to dominate the decorative arts Louis Sullivan & Louis Comfort Tiffany as the most prominent practitioners
Meis Van der Rohe
Barcelona Chair Barcelona Pavilion Villa Tugendhat - Floor to ceiling glass Structure on columns
Lina Bo Bardi
Bardi's Bowl - hemisphere on top of circle, pure modernist, rejecting past Glass House - Influenced by Le Corbusier, Splits the house into several pieces, Raised on a hill solves privacy
Luis Barragan
Barragan House - Reliance on local construction Uses adobe and timber Influenced by Le Corbusier Uses pink for warm glow Picture window breaks separation
Walter Gropius
Bauhaus Connected by bridge Director's Office Rectilinear shapes White, gray, primary color influences Industrial feeling Micro to macro, using same language
Victor Horta
Belgium Art Nouveau Hotel Tassel - stylistic unity, brings in as much light as he can, total work Hotel van Eetvelde - octagonal hall w/ stained glass, whiplash curves, light, air, total work Maison de Peuple - develops curtain wall of metal & glass, skin from structure
Antonio Gaudi
Casa Battlo - Wave like facade, Glass masonry, Floral, animal & geographical motifs, No two rooms alike, Total work, Big to little windows, Dark to light tiles Casa Mila - Sandstone & iron grillwork, Sea of frozen waves, No corners, 2 light wells, No load bearing walls, Arches allow for atypical typography on roof
Hill House
Charles Mackintosh Designed from inside out, Inspired by local vernacular, very big contrast, honesty to materiality
Willow Tea Rooms
Charles Mackintosh Wanted them to be places where ladies could go, Design used to show innovation & social change, Monochromatic feel, Lined walls w/ purple silk, Artwork becomes part of design
Chaise Lounge in Bamboo
Charlotte Perriand New version Works with Japanese craftsman
Piet Mondrian
Composition Principles of abstract Primary colors Neoplasticism
Ministry of Education
Costa & Niemeyer, Brazil Allows landscape to flow underneath New addition of sun shades Curves contrast rectilinear of building
Spanish Art Nouveau
Curvilinear, organic forms Cradle of the style was Barcelona Antonio Gaudi
Paimio Chair
Designed for hospital to make breathing easier Based on Wassily Chair Most basic essence, curved edges More organic and warmer
Juan O'Gorman
Designed home & studio Diego Rivera & Frieda Khalo - Inspired by Le Corbusier Geometric profiles, metal railing Used colors Connections btwn buildings tenuous Open plan, exposed brick ceiling, wood floors, horizontal ribbon windows
International Style Characteristics
Emph on volume and mass Balance rather than axial symmetry from standardized elements Emphasis onproportions and materials Buildings display clean lines
US International Style
First introduced in the exhibition Was associated with socialism Refers to a modern architecture style
Le Corbusier
Founder of purist movement Celebration of everyday Moving beyond individualism to universalism House as a machine for living Surprise of color
Wasmuth Portfolio
Frank Lloyd Wright Presented his work to European audience High contrast, black & white Was more strict Looked more contemporary
Van de Veld's Ornament vs. Ornamentation
German Art Nouveau Logical outcome of form
Red & Blue Chair
Gerrit Reitveld Strict horizontal, vertical, and right angles Primary colors No applied ornamentation Embracing of machine
Charles Mackintosh
Glasgow School of Art - one of his 1st commissions & largest, rectilinear lines & grid, Library most famed, 3 story windows, To look like a room in a room, contrast, total work, uses color in strategic ways
Philip Johnson
Glass House Steel frame black Was a weekend house Doors on all 4 sides Had brick guest house Acknowledged his need for privacy
L'Esprit Nouveau Pavillon
Jeannette & Le Corbusier Basic 2 story system Based on modular design Double high living space Modular storage unit Purist painting on plain walls Machine for living Creates the open plan
University City Central Library
Juan O'Gorman Emph on geometry Shows scenes of revolution Stacked building Mosaics of history on side
Germany Art Nouveau
Jugenstil Rectilinear, geometric & abstract Emph on cooperation btwn designers, craftsman, & manufacturer Henry Van de Velde Ornament & ornamentation
Harumi Apartment
Kunio Maekawa One of the 1st large developments after war Free open flowing spaces, breaking down of barriers, use of concrete Honesty to materiality
Scotland Art Nouveau
Largely rejected by Britain Rectilinear forms w/ intersecting planes, occasional curve Minimal simple interiors & furnishings Contrast of light & dark The Glasgow Four - Charles Mackintosh, Margaret MacDonald, her sister & brother in law
Franko Modernism
Le Corbusier L'Esprit Nouveau Pavillon Villa Savoye
Villa Savoye
Le Corbusier Shows the 5 points of architecture Column and slab construction Brick and stuccoed over Wanted to create promenade of experiences with ramp Design as a machine for living in Industrial style interior
LC4 Chaise Lounge
Le Corbusier & Charlotte Perriand Flat steel with matte texture Seat has light padding Operated in clear & innovative way Cowboy lounging with his feet up
Scandinavian Modernism
Less of a concern w/ design theory Designs are often modest & adaptable, using natural materials & simple construct Interest in the vernacular & everyday structure Interiors are simple with minimal furnishings Alvar Aalto
Adolf Loos
Protomodernism Rejected what he felt were the superficial decorative concerns of the Vienna Secession movement His writings were central to the development to Modernism He sought beauty in form rather than ornament He opposed the idea of style & taste which he associated with women American Bar, Loos Apartment, Armoire
Vienna Secession
Protomodernism Strives to create modern style Advocates simplicity, rational construction, truth to materiality Working across the field, total work of art Rectilinear and squares Joseph Hoffman, Gustav Klimt
Bauhaus & Germany Modernism
Reaction to WWI Seeks to find universal design School brings together art & industry Want to bring good design to everyone Rejection of ornamentation Truth to materiality Emphasis on cube and open plans Walter Gropius & Meis Van der Rohe
Viipuri City Library
Rectilinear geometry Smooth plastered walls Curvilinear organic ceiling Wood warms space
Gerrit Rietveld
Red & Blue Chair Schroder House New language for architecture Flat roof, asymmetry, geometric forms Stucco over brick Total work of art Color helps define the spaces Takes open plan idea further
Neoplasticism
Reducing everything to its essence Belief that art shouldn't be the reproduction of real objects, but the expression of the absolutes of life
Art Nouveau
Rejection of the past Marking a modern age Embracing the machine Focus on the line
Protomodernism
Rejection of the use of styles Looking for universal principles of design
Mexican Modernism
Related to the Mexican Revolution Viewed in conjunction w/ revolution & democracy Juan O'Gorman & Luis Barragan Use of regional materials and reference to religion See use of mosaics
Niemeyer House
Rendition of the glass house Gave him intl presence Small lightweight concrete house Curvilinear roof Uses partitions to create volumes Inspired by Mies Responds directly to forms of nature Creates basement to have private areas Creates deep overhangs to prevent sun
Modernism
Separation of skin and structure Strives to design for the present and eliminate most traditions,forms, and elements of the past Rejection of ornament or applied decoration and a preference for abstraction, rationality, and geometric forms
Frank Lloyd Wright
Sought a uniquely American/ Midwestern style of architecture, which became known as the Prairie Style Pulled on the tradition of the Arts & Crafts movement Embraced industry and the machine Believed in a totally designed environment
Modernism in Brazil
This dictatorship instituted a state sponsored program of modernization First example of postcolonial modernism Lucio Costa & Oscar Niemeyer, Lina Bo Bardi
Louis Comfort Tiffany
Veterans'Room of the Elite Seventh Regiment's Armory Total work of art Dragonfly & Ten-light Lily Lamps - dragonflies & lilies are often used motifs, organic forms
Modern Architecture: An International Exhibition
Weren't aware there was color Only saw the geometry Monochromatic
Jugendstil
Young style German Art Nouveau
