INDIA

Rock and Pillar Inscriptions

- these are the edicts of Ashoka Kalinga - led by Raja Anantha An important kingdom because it controlled the trade routes with Southeast Asia. Because of that, Ashoka wanted to capture it and that is why Kalinga war happened. The sufferings that the war inflicted on the defeated people moved Ashoka to such remorse that he renounced the armed conquests. It was at this time that he became in touch with Buddhist and adopted it. Dharma - applied teachings of Buddha. Buddhism - a royal prince born in northeast India around 563 BCE, Siddharta Gautama turned his back on his wealth to develop Buddhism. Promoting an ascetic way of life and a set of moral values rather than belief in a god, Gautama (the buddha) taught that the only way to escape samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth, was to achieve moral perfection. Initially finding great success under the Mauryan ruler Ashoka in the 2nd century BCE, Buddhism became almost extinct in India, but spread into China and Japan, becoming established there from the 7th century CE.

Siddharta Gautama Gautama Samsara Moral perfection

-a royal prince born in northeast India around 563 BCE, turned his back on his wealth to develop Buddhism. Promoting an ascetic way of life and a set of moral values rather than belief in a god, _____(the buddha) taught that the only way to escape____, the cycle of death and rebirth, was to achieve_____. Initially finding great success under the Mauryan ruler Ashoka in the 2nd century BCE, Buddhism became almost extinct in India, but spread into China and Japan, becoming established there from the 7th century CE.

Huns

A wave of invasions launched by the ___, a nomadic group from central Asia, started in 480 C.E. Two decades later, Gupta kings had little territory left under their control. Around 550 C.E., the empire perished completely.

Chanakya / Dhana Nanda

According to legend, the teacher____convinced his disciple, Chandragupta Maurya, to conquer the the kingdom of Magadha (the Nanda Empire) when he was insulted by its king___

War of Kalinga

After the _____, Ashoka controlled all the Indian subcontinent except for the extreme southern part. Ashoka renounce war and embrace the propagation of dharma. Cosmic law and order, behaviors that are considered to be in accord with the order that makes life and the universe possible, including duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues, and ''right way of living." Also specifically signifies the teachings of the Buddha.

India

Apart from its many religions and sects, ___is home to innumerable castes and tribes, as well as to more than a dozen major and hundreds of minor linguistic groups from several language families unrelated to one another.

human beings, as well as animals and plants / Ashokavadana

As a Buddhist emperor, Ashoka believed that Buddhism is beneficial for all (3) , so he built a number of stupas, Sangharama, viharas, chaitya, and residences for Buddhist monks all over South Asia and Central Asia. According to the ____, he ordered the construction of 84,000 stupas to house the Buddhas relics.

5 territories / 500 war elephants

As part of the peace offering, the Maurya Empire gained ____in exchange for ___

Edicts of Ashoka/ Greek and Sanskrit

Ashoka erected the ____which state his policies and accomplishments, and which were written in both___ and ___

Seleucid Mauryan War

Chandragupta Maurya expanded the Maurya Empire north and west as he conquered the Macedonian Satrapies and won the

Dharma

Cosmic law and order, behaviors that are considered to be in accord with the order that makes life and the universe possible, including duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues, and ''right way of living." Also specifically signifies the teachings of the Buddha.

Ashoka /Kalinga

During the expansion of the Mauryan Empire, ___ led a war against a feudal state named ____ (present day Orissa) with the goal of annexing its territory, something that his grandfather had already attempted to do. The war was considered one of the most brutal and bloodiest wars in world history.

Tosali in the east Ujjain in the west Suvarnagiri in the south Taxila in the north

Enumerate 4 provinces

Chandragupta I / Samudragupta

For nearly 500 years, the various states warred with each other. In the northern territories, a new empire arose when a ruler named_____ ascended the throne in 320 C.E. He revived many principles of Mauryan government and paved the way for his son, ______, to develop an extensive empire.

Ashoka the Great

He is chiefly known from his series of rock and pillar inscriptions, which are found scattered in various parts of India and provide important information about his reign and policies. He used military strength in order to expand the empire and created sadistic rules against criminals.

Sanghamitra / Mahindra

He sent his only daughter, _____ and son, ____, to spread Buddhism in Sri Lanka (then known as Tamraparni).

Samudragupta

He set the stage for the emergence of classical art, which occurred under the rule of his son and successor Chandragupta II.​

Samudragupta

He sought to unite all of India under his rule and quickly set out to achieve this goal by waging wars across much of the Indian subcontinent.​

King Demetrius / Indo Greek Kingdom

In 180 BCE, the Greco-Bactrian____ conquered the northwestern Indian territories and founded the ____

India

It is a constitutional republic consisting of 29 states, each with a substantial degree of control over its own affairs; 6 less fully empowered union territories. With roughly one-sixth of the world's total population, _____is the second most-populous country, after China.

India

It is known from archaeological evidence that a highly sophisticated urbanized culture dominated the northwestern part of the subcontinent from about 2600 to 2000 BCE.​

Gupta Period

It was defined by creativity. Flourishing arts, fabulous literature, and stupendous scholars are just a few of the things that marked the period.

Raja Anantha Dharma

Kalinga - led by - applied teachings of Buddha.

poetry and drama

Much of the literature produced during the Gupta dynasty was ____

Samudragupta

One by one, he defeated nine kings in the north and twelve in the south. In addition to the human devastation countless horses were slaughtered to celebrate his victories.

War of Kalinga

One day after the war was over, Ashoka ventured out to roam the city and all he could see were burnt houses and scattered corpses. The _____ transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka into a stable and peaceful emperor, and he became a patron of Buddhism.

Alexander the Great and Napoleon.​

Samudragupta's reign that he has often been compared to great conquerors such as

ambassadors / Bindusara / Ashoka the Great

Several Greeks remained at the Mauryan court as ____ to the Hellenistic world. Chandragupta Maurya was succeed by his son, ____, in 298 BCE, and then by Bindusara's son, ____ in 272 BCE.

Tamraparni

Sri Lanka

Chandragupta II

The Gupta dynasty flourished immensely under___ but rapidly weakened during the reign of his two successors.​

Nanda Dynasty of Magadha/ Alexander the Great Armies

The Maurya Empire was founded in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the ____ the most prosperous state in north India, and rapidly expanded his power westward across central and western India in order to take advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal by ____

Kumara

The Mauryan Empire was divided into four provinces, each governed by the ___ who served as the king's representative.

splendid monolithic stone pillars / Sarnath Pillar

The ____on which many of Ashokan inscriptions are engraved, are among the masterpieces of Indian art, and the capital atop one of them, the _____ inspired the use of back-to-back lions that is the Indian national emblem.

Maurya Empire (Chandragupta Maurya)

The ___was founded in 321 BCE by ___, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty of Magadha, the most prosperous state in north India, and rapidly expanded his power westward across central and western India in order to take advantage of the disruptions of local powers in the wake of the withdrawal by Alexander the Great 's armies.

Kamasutra

The best-known essay of the period is the ___, which provides rules about the art of love and marriage according to Hindu laws.

Kalidasa and Aryabhatta.

Two of the most famous scholars of the era were

Ashoka The Great

Under____, the Maurya Empire expanded into the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Edicts / Sarnath Pillar

___official order or proclamation ___ crafted out of stone and an impressive structure with four lions at the top

Kumara Standing Army

a royal prince who oversaw the Mauryan provinces on behalf of the emperor. a permanent army composed of full-time soldiers that is not disbanded during times of peace.

Aryabhatta

a scientist ahead of his time, went out on a limb and proposed that earth was a rotating sphere centuries before Columbus made his famous voyage.​

Aryabhatta / 365.358 days

also calculated the length of the solar year as ____ days — only three hours over the figure calculated by modern scientists.​ Only 3 hours over the figure calculated by modern scientist.

Narrative histories, religious and meditative writing, and lyric poetry

emerged to enrich, educate, and entertain the people.

Chandragupta Maurya / Seleucid-Mauryan war

expanded the Maurya Empire north and west as he conquered the Macedonian Satrapies and won the ___ In its time, the Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world.

The Gupta dynasty

flourished immensely under Chandragupta II, but rapidly weakened during the reign of his two successors.​

Chandragupta II

gave great support to the arts. Artists were so highly valued under his rule that they were paid for their work — a rare phenomenon in ancient civilizations.​

Ashoka / Buddhism / Sunga Dynasty

highly centralized government lost power, the Maurya Empire lost control over its territories. Although different cultures and economies began to break apart, the kings maintained ____as their state religion. marks the end of the Maurya Empire.

Buddhism

lost favor when the Sunga Dynasty gained power, but remained dominant in the Ind0-Greek Kingdom.

Ashoka the Great / Greek states / Hellinistic Kingdom

maintained a massive standing army to protect the Mauryan Empire and instill stability and peace across West and South Asia. had established a single currency across India, a network of regional governors and administrators, and a civil service to provide justice and security for merchants, farmers and traders that continued throughout the Mauryan Dynasty. The Mauryan international network of trade extended to the ___states and ___ in West Asia and into Southeast Asia.

Evidence of a Buddhist university within the region

proof of the peaceful coexistence between Hindus and Buddhists.

Ashoka the Great

renounce war and embrace the propagation of dharma. ​

General Pusyamitra Sunga

staged a coup against the Maurya Dynasty in 185 BCE. As a result, he ascended the throne and founded the Sunga Dynasty.

Kalinga

state that prided itself on its sovereignty and democracy

Kalidasa

the greatest writer of the empire, brought plays to new heights by filling them with humor and epic heroism.​

Seleucid Empire

tried and failed to reconquer the northwestern part of the Maurya Empire during the Seleucid-Mauryan war, from 305-303 BCE.

Gupta Period

was not characterized by enormous material wealth or by elaborate trade activity.​

Ashoka the Great

was the third ruler of the Indian Mauryan Empire, the largest ever in the Indian subcontinent and one of the world's largest empires at its time. He ruled from 268 BCE to 232 BCE. He became a model of kingship in the Buddhist tradition.

Formal essays

were composed on subjects ranging from grammar and medicine to math and astronomy.