Indian Removal

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3 leaders that signed the Treaty of New Echota

1. Elias Boudinot 2. Major Ridge 3. John Ridge

Reasons for the First Seminole War 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

1. Retaliation against the Seminole Indians for their murders along the frontier 2. To recover escaped slaves 3. To recover lost property 4. To gain American access to the Gulf of Mexico 5. To gain Florida -- Manifest Destiny 6. National Security

During the removal act, at least ______ of the Choctaw died before they reached the Indian Territory

1/4

One year after Benjamin Parks' discovery, _________ miners were panning for gold

15,000

Sequoyah began to work on the Cherokee written language around ________

1809

In _____, _______ sent ________ into Florida with a group of militia to stabilize the situation between the Seminoles and the US, which led to __________

1817, President James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, the First Seminole War

By the ________, the only option was to remove the Native Americans to somewhere west of the Mississippi River

1820s

The Cherokee Nation officially adopted hand written language in ________

1825

Andrew Jackson became president in _______

1828

The constitution went into effect in _______

1828

in _____, a Georgia deer hunter, __________ was rambling wilderness near what is today Dahlonega

1828, Benjamin Parks

Georgia's governor after the War of 1812 was ________ who reminded the federal government that it had made a promise to remove Natives from Georgia's land

George Troup

Which Georgia governor was the cousin of a Creek chief?

George Troup

Just as ____ was the Georgia governor associated with ____, _____ will be the Georgia governor associated with _______

George Troup, Creek Removal, Governor Gilmer, Cherokee Removal

Black Hawk refused to leave _________ and remove to Indiana Territory

Illinois

In terms of what to do with the Native Americans, Jefferson hoped for _________

incorporation

______________, had specifically told Jackson not to bother the Spanish garrisons.

Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun (During the First Seminole War)

Jackson fought the _________ in ______ and took ________ from ______ in the process

Seminoles, 1818, Florida, Spain

The Indians down in Florida (Mostly North Florida) were called ______, meaning "_______."

Seminoles, Renegade

In 1821, _______, a cherokee silversmith, developed the Cherokee written language.

Sequoyah

The Creek lost land despite aiding Americans with the Redstick due to _________ which they were forced to sign by Jackson

The Treaty of Fort Jackson

Big Warrior was the mice of the ________ and owned a plantation with slaves

Tuckabatchee

After the ________, many problems emerged between the Seminoles and the US. These were: 1. 2.

War of 1812, 1. They harbored escaped slaves 2. Conducted raids into South Georgia and southern Alabama to steal horses and livestock

Troup's first cousin was _________, the noted leader of the lower Creeks

William McIntosh

The Treaty of New Echota was ratified by congress by ______ in _____ and became the basis for the __________

a single vote, 1836, Cherokee Trail of Tears

Between 1831 and 1834, most of the Choctaw were forced west at the point of a ______

bayonet

A _______ had developed between the Seminoles and _____ in the ______

border war, Frontiersmen, South

The Louisiana Purchase was a large area of land purchased by what?

Jefferson bought it from the The French

The Cherokee protested loudly to the "______"

great intrusion (The Dahlonega Gold Rush)

________ served with the _______ and ________ served with the ________ in the Black Hawk war

Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky Militia, Jefferson Davis, Mississippi militia

Inside St. Marks were two British citizens, ________ and ________ and hung them for being spies

Alexander Arbuthnot, Robert Ambrister (During the First Seminole War)

Who was president during the Cherokee Nation v Georgia case?

Andrew Jackson

Along the _______, Jackson's forces surrounded ______ with ______ escaped slaves. From there, he moved westward, towards _________. Then he turned his army back to toward the Spanish Garrison of __________, below present day _________

Apalachicola River, Negro Fort, 300, Gainesville, St. Marks, Tallahassee (During the First Seminole War)

Benjamin Parks, told his story of the gold to the _________

Atlanta Constitution in 1894

During the 1800s, who was the Indian agent promoting the civilization plan?

Benjamin Hawkins

The most important agent in the Southeast and Creek specifically for the United States' civilization plan was _______

Benjamin Hawkins

Who was the deer hunter that found gold near present day Dahlonega?

Benjamin Parks

The _________ began in May 1832 and lasted _____ months

Black Hawk War, 4

In the __________, a scene of many earlier Indian rebellions in American history, some Indian tribes absolutely refused to remove

Northwest

What was the southern border of the Cherokee lands and Georgia?

Chattahoochee River

Georgia politicians were pressured to remove Natives from the ______

Chattahoochee River Basin

_________ had made the most efforts to adopt civilization

Cherokee

The first Indian Newspaper in history - the _________

Cherokee Phoenix

In the ________ and __________ Rivers, miners began to dredge the bottom

Chestatee, Etowah

The Cherokee operated grist mills and tanning mils. ___________ for example, ran both a ferry and an inn along the _______ just across the ________ from newly created _______

Chief James Vann, Old Federal Road, Chattahoochee River, Hall County

__________ issued the court ruling the the case of Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia

Chief Justice John Marshall

about the case of Worchester vs. Georgia, __________ said: 1.___ 2.___ 3.___ 4.___

Chief Justice Marshall said: 1. The Cherokee were a Nation 2. Georgia's laws did not apply to the Cherokee Nation 3. The Cherokee had a legitimate title to their land 4. Georgia's laws were "repugnant" to the Constitution

The first to be removed under the Indian Removal Act were the ______

Choctaw

What agreement required Georgia to give up its western land claims in exchange for the removal of its Indians?

Compact of 1802

The document that made a promise was the ________ and was promised during Jefferson's presidency if Georgia would give up its western claims which ran all the way to the ________

Compact of 1802, Yazoo River

Jackson had battled the ______ and defeated them at _________

Creeks, Horseshoe Bend

The _________ was the first gold rush in the history of the United States

Dahlonega Gold Rush

The editor of the Cherokee Phoenix

Elias Boudinot

Who was the first editor of the Cherokee Phoenix?

Elias Boudinot

Benjamin Hawkins maintained a home in what area?

Flint River Agency

Who was the president during Tecumseh's rebellion?

James Madison

Who was the first president to consider Indian Removal?

Jefferson

What did Jefferson hope to do with with the Indians?

Incorporation

The front entrance of Jefferson's home was referred to as __________

Indian Hall

Congress, with the full support of president Jackson passed the __________ in________

Indian Removal Act, 1830

The ________ is listed as an entry in the ___________

Indian Removal Act, Dictionary of Genocide

By 1830, many Indians had already moved out west to "___________" - an area in the ________ of the ____________ specifically set aside for this issue

Indian Territory, western part, Louisiana Purchase region

________ was the greatest reason for the failure of the civilization program

Indians possessed lands that settlers coveted

What did the Treaty of Washington do?

It reversed Indian Springs II and angered Troup

What is a "frontier hate" in regards to Native Americans?

It's used to describe Jackson's hate for Native Americans as it was like that of those living in the frontiers or in the South. It was formed from his past experiences as both child and adult.

Seminole villages were scattered from the area around ______ in the _____ all the way to ______ in the _______

Jacksonville, East, Pensacola, west

Over time, Indian Territory will eventually become the state of __________

Oklahoma

Who was the president that reversed the Treaty of Indian Springs II?

John Quincy Adams

Who was the driving force behind the Cherokee constitution?

John Ross

________ , a half-breed Cherokee, was the driving force behind the cherokee constitution

John Ross

________ was elected the first president of the Cherokee Nation

John Ross

President __________ sued the United States for failing to uphold its treaties and protect the Cherokee in the case of _______________

John Ross, Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia (1831)

_______ and __________ towards Native Americans kept tensions high between the two cultures

Land hunger, white racism

The group of Creek warriors that were put together to punish Creek who sold tribal lands.

Lawmenders

Some of the Cherokee held out in the mountains of ________ who were given a reservation and became the _______. Those who removed became the _________

North Carolina, Eastern Branch, Western Branch

________ and good will to the Natives failed because of preconceived stereotypes in the minds of Americans

Philanthropy

_________ tried his best to get the Senate to void the treaty

President Ross

________ was a minister and _________ who came to Cherokee. He worked with the Cherokee Phoenix editor, _______. They ________ into the Cherokee language. Seeing this, Georgia made it illegal for whites to live among Cherokees. He was arrested then released because he was a ___________ at ______, the Cherokee capital. ___________ wanted him jailed. He refused to leave Cherokee and was sentenced four years of hard labor at the ________ at________. So he sued Georgia in the case of ________.

Samuel Worchester, Christian missionary, Elias Boudinot, translated the Bible, federal postmaster, New Echota, Georgia's Governor George Gilmer, Georgia Penitentiary, Milledgeville, Worchester vs. Georgia

During the spring of 1832, a group of Indians joined _______ warrior _________ (1767-1838) in his defiance to the Indian Removal Act

Sauk, Black Hawk

What was Jefferson's "real motive" for his decision on Native Americans?

Save the Indians from extinction (humane act)

Jackson's attitudes towards Natives were fed by his personal experiences while in the ____________

South Carolina and Tennessee Frontier

After the capture of St. Marks, Jackson's army turned westward, toward the __________. By late _____, Jackson had taken all of Florida

Spanish Capital of West Florida at Pensacola, 1818 (During the First Seminole War)

Like the Creeks, the Cherokee's fate became entangled in the issue of ________

State's Rights

Madison had to deal with not only ________, but the __________

Tecumseh's rebellion, Creek Civil War

__________________ announced that no more ancestral land would be sold by the Creeks to anyone

The Creek National Council

All the Five Civilized Tribes had adopted __________ by the 1820s but it did not save them from removal

The trappings of civilization

What did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in regards to the Cherokee and their relationship to the United States?

They were a "domestic dependent nation"

Seminoles included remnants of _______, _________,________ and others.

Timucuans, Yamasee, Apalachee

The _______ applied to all indians who were forced to remove to Indian Territory

Trail of Tears

What do we call the collective march of various Native American tribes out of their traditional homelands (most often associated with Cherokee)?

Trail of Tears

A small group of Cherokee leaders signed _______ giving up their lands in exchange for new lands east of the ______

Treaty of New Echota, Mississippi River

The treaties had made the Cherokee a "______________" and they were therefor under the protection of the United States

domestic dependent nation

Jackson loathed indians with "_________" hatred

frontier

Jackson believed that his removal policy was humane and would contribute to America's __________

security on the frontier

Jackson was known as ______ by the time he took Florida by force

sharp knife (During the First Seminole War)

In the Cherokee territory during the 1820s, the Indians owned ________ and _________

slaves, plantations

there was a __________ outbreak among the Cherokee, probably because of the blankets given to the during the Trail of Tears

smallpox

To Jackson, removing the Indians from the _______ was absolutely necessary for _________

southeast, national security

Native American's referred to written word on paper as "___________"

talking leaves

Jackson was famous because of his exploits in _______, for defeating the ___________, and for defeating _____________

the War of 1812, Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in 1814, the Spanish at the Battle of Orleans in 1815


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