Industrial Revolution Test

Compare the impacts of technology on society THeN + Now?

- Technology today is more specialized now is so used to technology - Society so advancements don't shift our lifestyles much - Medical advancements ave huge -Technology isn't taking people out of jobs sa much - AI is first tech. that's really stopping pol Is medical technology always good? -Lower class doesn't get full access to hew technology (especially medical) -*Medical tech = bigger population -Can we suppor t&carry &bilionppl? -Over population happened really last -Workers were treated poorly b/C you could easily replace them

What was slavery abolished?

1. Economic reasons 2. Moral reasons 3. Actions of Africans

What did different technology, cause?

2.) ma y - Chemical technology: - •pharmeceuticals, explosives, technolog sfertilizer; etc. - Transportation. -> pollution 8 climate change - Technology caused pollution but also efficiency - Agriculture advances helped supply the growing population with food - More people = more yield

How did a change in energy transform the world?

A change in energy transformed the world by creating inequality. People who had access to resources like coal, oil, and gas had a valuable resource that they could use while people who didn't had to do more work for energy.

Who was the father of capitalism?

Adam Smith

What are examples of forces driving change during the Industrial Revolution?

Agriculture / Farming: Farming became more productive. New equipment made it easier to plant seeds and harvest crops. Because of this, YIELD WENT UP (yield is the amount of crops you can produce on a certain area of land). During this time, large-scale farming became common. This means that smaller farms were swallowed up into one huge megafarm.

What are new technologies causing today?

Al is taking people outs of jobs - Technology. is. making. people lazier' - More technology =more child labor: to produce (ex. cell phones laptops). -Is Al ethically wrong? - Developing country citizens had, to scrape internet content to produce Al. - RI = limiting manual labor - Today = limiting mental: labor

Urbanization:

As industries grew, there was a massive migration of people from rural areas to cities in search of employment in factories. This led to the rapid growth of urban centers.

Energy

Because of a shortage of wood in England, people began to use coal as a source of energy. Coal is what powered steam engines, the most important piece of technology in the Industrial Revolution. James Watt was one of the first inventors of the modern steam engine, which powered ships and factories.

How does John Green argue that Indian textiles spurred the Industrial Revolution?

Because of the agriculture in india, laborers were supported at low costs. Their cotton textiles guided the revolutions as manufacturer invested in machines to make the product be produced even more.

How did England's pre-industrial wool industry help it to industrialize?

Britain already had a HUGE wool industry before the Industrial Revolution. 70% of British exports were wool in the 1700's. It was a short step to move from small scale to large scale textiles production for England.

What does John Green list as Britain's advantages over China?

Britain could easily mine their masses of coal for a cheap price. They also had steam engines which helped them a lot to maintain their cheap coal which led to railroads, steel, and other positive innovations. Britain had cheap fule and high wages meaning it was economically efficient leading other companies to invent technologies that switched out coal for labor.

How did Britain's financial system help launch new industrial ventures?

Britain had lots of merchants who financed the Industrial Revolution. British lords were friendly to new ventures, and banks helped out too. The availability of money and laws protecting new businesses made Britain a great place to take risks and start new industries.

What global forces influenced the development of industrialization in Britain?

Britain was located in the Atlantic Ocean. It had colonies in North America that provided it with labor, land, and market. Silver from the Americas was used to trade with China.

What Euro-centric explanations does John Green give for why the Industrial Revolution started in Europe?

Britians superiority that they are better than others. They also had innovation and science making these inventions possible. They had lenient political governments that encouraged innovation. Europe also had a small population which means less labor.

How does John Green refute those Euro-centric explanations?

By saying that they apply to China & India too. He explains how its unfair to call china inferior to europe economically when they exported significant goods (silk & china), made paper money, and had the biggest population growth. They also created printing, paper, gunpowder, and compasses.

How did the steam engine transform industry? (Describe at least four ways.)

Can make more cotton and do it faster Pump water out of mines so they could collect coal Revolutionized travel - people can go farther away and get there quicker. Trade increased because you can move products faster

In what ways is capitalism a "cultural system"?

Capitalism is a cultural system rooted in the needs of private investors to turn a profit. They need people to take risks.

At the end of the video, John Green raises the question of whether capitalism is natural. Using evidence from this and earlier eras, make and defend a claim about whether capitalism is natural.

Capitalism is natural because people are consumers so you need producers. During the Industrial Revolution, people were making money so they wanted to buy more goods so you needed more factories to make more goods

Chemicals

Certain industries needed new chemicals, like the textile industry while needed new chemicals to bleach cotton. Other chemicals were needed for fertilizer and medicines. Germany became the chemical leader in the Industrial Revolution.

List possible reasons why the Industrial Revolution did not begin in China.

China had dry coal that was not wet Large population so people needed work. Confucian religion that believed in things staying the same

What was the problem according to Marx?

Class struggle proletariat (working class) - bourgeoisie He thought industrialization made workers into labor He wondered if a revolution to end the class struggle?

How did coal and other environmental factors help Britain industrialize first?

Coal made new steam engines possible. These engines powered ships and factories. Britain had a unique set of environmental factors, such as large coal deposits located near the surface, so they were easy to mine. Some mines were filled with water, but steam engines pumped water out of the mines. Also, since Britain is flat, canals were easily built to move coal around.

Metallurgy

During the Industrial Revolution, new techniques for making metals were discovered, such as making wrought iron. This new type of iron was better than earlier types for making machinery and other tools. So, machinery became more efficient and cheaper.

Factory System:

Factories emerged as the central hubs of production, replacing cottage industries and small-scale workshops. Workers gathered in factories to operate machines and produce goods on a much larger scale.

Why did the poet William Blake describe the factories of Britain's Industrial Revolution as "Dark Satanic Mills."

He felt life was really hard for the workers. They were exploited and the move to the cities gave them a terrible life.

Technological Advancements:

In addition to steam and coal power, advancements in transportation (like the steam locomotive and later the internal combustion engine) and communication (such as the telegraph) played crucial roles in the Industrial Revolution, making the movement of goods and information easier.

How was global wheat production revolutionized in order to feed English wage laborers?

In the early nineteenth century, bread prices soared. People working in the factories depended on cheap bread. British capitalists funded railroads in Russia, Argentina and California and transformed them into leading wheat producing regions around the world.

How did land ownership change in Britain in this period, and how did this affect production and distribution?

Land owners would reclaim and privatize their fields that for centuries had been held in common because of multi tenants. This impoverished many tenant farmers.

Textiles (Textiles is a fancy word for FABRICS)

Large textile factories replaced small family-run shops. It was much more efficient (meaning, more $$$) to do everything in one giant factory.

According to Marx, what is the significance of conflict and Struggle?

Marx believed struggle is what makes classes into themselves. Through conflict, classes develop a sense of themselves and without conflict , there is no such thing as class consciousness.

What's the difference between mercantile and industrial capitalism?

Mercantile capitalism is a global phenomenon that helped move goods from a market where they are cheap to a market where they are expensive. Industrial capitalism is a an economic system that relies on investment in machines and technology that are used to increase productions of goods.

Transportation

New ways of getting around the world were built during the Industrial Revolution. Canals were built which shortened distances between countries and continents. Steam engines powered railroads and ships, and railroads became one of the world's leading industries.

List possible reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain.

Not enough wood for use in making fire. Wet coal mines so they had to come up with a way to get water out of mines People interested in business

Mechanization:

One of the most defining features of the Industrial Revolution was the widespread use of machinery and automation in manufacturing processes. Innovations such as the steam engine, spinning jenny, power loom, and mechanized textile production allowed for more efficient and large-scale production of goods.

What led to the spread of the Industrial Revolution?

People from other countries would memorize the designs and take them home to spread the Industrial Revolution ideas.

According to the video, what global factors may have fed Britain's industrialization?

Profits made from the slave trade may have helped Britain industrialize. Fishing from the British colonies in America may have helped too. Natural resources like timber and cotton from the colonies helped too.

How might high wages in Britain have contributed to industrialization there?

Since wages were so high in Britain, it was too expensive to hire many people, so business owners looked for machines to do the work for...free!!

What was the result of reform movements that protested these working conditions?

Some results of reform movements were children were not allowed to work, working conditions became safer, workers were given a minimum wage, and were limited to an eight hour work day.

How was the mining of copper influenced by these new global trade connections?

Steamships made it possible to import copper from the Caribbean, South America, Australasia, Africa, the US and Canada. Copper was needed for the steam engine components and it was essential to sugar refining.

How did this influence the work of Friedrich Engels, causing him to write The Condition of the Working Class in England?

The I.R. influenced Engels to write about what he saw. He thought people were not being treated fairly like humans. He called humans machines. He felt it destroyed communities and cultures.

In summary, how did the Industrial Revolution in Britain transform life for people around the world?

The Industrial Revolution brought global connections through three industries - sugar, wheat and copper that depended on the British steam engine, financial system and wage laborers. This changed communities around the world, trade networks and lives of workers.

Globalization:

The Industrial Revolution had a global impact, as it led to increased international trade and the colonization of new territories to secure resources and markets.

Social Impact:

The Industrial Revolution had profound social consequences. It led to changes in labor practices, working conditions, and the emergence of labor unions as workers sought better wages and working conditions. It also brought about significant changes in family life, as many people moved away from agrarian lifestyles to work in factories.

What was the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution was a period of economic, technological, and social change that began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It marked a significant shift from agricultural economies to industrial and manufacturing-based economies. Several key features characterize the Industrial Revolution:

What are the patterns and trends in the data presented that might have importance for other studies or later history

The patterns and trends in the data that were presented were there is conflict and then solutions. There were demands and then people found a way to produce goods and make money. When people want to make money, they will find ways to get the goods. If you have poor working conditions, conflict arises.

What two types of socialism were there? How did they differ?

The two types of socialism were utopian and revolutionary. The utopian rejects violence as the answer. Revolutionary was more about communism.

How did urban wage labor provide social mobility for some people?

The urban wage labor gave people jobs and money to become middle class. People moved out of rural areas and into cities to make a living.

How did different people in different places experience the changes of the Industrial Revolution in different ways?

The wealthy and middle class in Northwestern Europe became richer. The people in Europe's colonies felt painful exploitation as European imperialists made more money. The working poor had a bad situation because of the terrible working conditions and moving to the cities gave them shorter life expectancies.

How does John Green define the Industrial Revolution?

Today, everything is an industrial revolution. That the revolution brought out the use of machines causing increase in production by utilizing new energy. The industrial revolution is not capitalism.

What role did food and agriculture play in the rise of industrial capitalism?

When food prices rise it is profitable for farmers to invest in agricultural technologies which increases production of food crops.

Describe the impact of the Industrial Revolution through the trade of sugarcane.

When slave trade was outlawed, sugar plantations in the Caribbean became less profitable. The Dutch forced colonized people in Indonesia to build sugar production facilities. This devastated Caribbean societies that relied on sugar.

How did coal mining change over the course of the Industrial Revolution?

When technology progressed, coal was able to be mined deeper and deeper. New engines could pump more water out of the ground.

What were some problems with industrial capitalism? What were two different responses to these problems?

Working conditions were horrible, days were long, workers lived in conditions that people living today would consider this to be poverty. One of the responses was organizing labor unions and the other was socialism.

What were the consequences (positive and negative) of industrialization?

industrialized countries like Britain started using colonies and the people in these colonies. Britain took natural resources from the colonies for its own use. One positive effect of industrialization was that people live longer now. They don't have to labor physically as much as before. They can use machines instead.

What fields improved by The Industrial Revolution?

labor (work), production, and resource use.

enclosure

making land private

What did Adam Smith believe in?

market economy market determined pirce laissez-faire - "let it be"

Here are the characteristics of the Industrial Revolution?

mechanization, technolgoical advancements, factory system, urbanization

What did capitalism lead to?

people taking risks

What was the impact of new products on society?

small businesses ---->factories - people lost jobs - more bottom = = more slave trade - more cotton - more chemical demand - transportation helped. businesses & culture community > corporate world