Info Sec Final Review
Threats cannot be removed without requiring a repair of the vulnerability. a. True b. False
False
A user ticket is opened when a user calls about an issue. __________
False - trouble False - help desk False - support
WLAN stands for "wide local area network." __________
False - wireless
A password should be difficult to guess. __________
True
A __________ is the recorded condition of a particular revision of a software or hardware configuration item. a. state b. version c. configuration d. baseline
b
. CERT stands for "computer emergency recovery team." __________
False - response
The __________ commercial site focuses on current security tool resources. a. Nmap-hackerz b. Packet Storm c. Security Laser d. Snort-SIGs
b
Rehearsals that use plans as realistically as possible are called __________ games.
war
The __________ vulnerability assessment is designed to find and document vulnerabilities that may be present in the organization's public network.
Internet
The __________ is a statement of the boundaries of the RA. a. scope b. disclaimer c. footer d. head
a
A primary mailing list for new vulnerabilities, called simply __________, provides time-sensitive coverage of emerging vulnerabilities, documenting how they are exploited and reporting on how to remediate them. Individuals can register for the flagship mailing list or any one of the entire family of its mailing lists. a. Bugs b. Bugfix c. Buglist d. Bugtraq
d
Which type of IDPS works like antivirus software? a. network-based b. anomaly-based c. host-based d. signature-based
d
A cryptographic method that incorporates mathematical operations involving both a public key and a private key to encipher or decipher a message. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
f
As the help desk personnel screen problems, they must also track the activities involved in resolving each complaint in a help desk __________ system.
information
__________ is the process of reviewing the use of a system, not to check performance but to determine if misuse or malfeasance has occurred.
Auditing
A general guideline for performance of hard drives suggests that when the amount of data stored on a particular hard drive averages 95% of available capacity for a prolonged period, you should consider an upgrade for the drive. a. True b. False
False
An effective information security governance program requires no ongoing review once it is well established. a. True b. False
False
An intranet vulnerability scan starts with the scan of the organization's default Internet search engine. a. True b. False
False
Documentation procedures are not required for configuration and change management processes. a. True b. False
False
Technical controls alone, when properly configured, can secure an IT environment. a. True b. False
False
The "something a person has" authentication mechanism takes advantage of something inherent in the user that is evaluated using biometrics. a. True b. False
False
The internal monitoring domain is the component of the maintenance model that focuses on identifying, assessing, and managing the physical security of assets in an organization. a. True b. False
False
The target selection step of Internet vulnerability assessment involves using the external monitoring intelligence to configure a test engine (such as Nessus) for the tests to be performed. a. True b. False
False
Wireless vulnerability assessment begins with the planning, scheduling, and notification of all Internet connections, using software such as Wireshark. a. True b. False
False
management model such as the ISO 27000 series deals with methods to maintain systems. a. True b. False
False
Boundary controls regulate the admission of users into trusted areas of the organization. __________
False - Access
US-CERT is a set of moderated mailing lists full of detailed, full-disclosure discussions and announcements about computer security vulnerabilities. It is sponsored in part by SecurityFocus. __________
False - Bugtraq
Intense packet inspection is a firewall function that involves examining multiple protocol headers and even content of network traffic, all the way through the TCP/IP layers and including encrypted, compressed, or encoded data. __________
False - Deep
The internal vulnerability assessment is usually performed against every device that is exposed to the Internet, using every possible penetration testing approach. __________
False - Internet
Specific warning bulletins are issued when developing threats and specific assets pose a measurable risk to the organization. __________
False - attacks
A bollard host is a device placed between an external, untrusted network and an internal, trusted network. __________
False - bastion
A smart chip is an authentication component, similar to a dumb card, that contains a computer chip to verify and validate several pieces of information instead of just a PIN. __________
False - card
The action level is a predefined assessment level of an IDPS that triggers a predetermined response when surpassed. __________
False - clipping
Tracking monitoring involves assessing the status of the program as indicated by the database information and mapping it to standards established by the agency. __________
False - compliance
In some organizations, asset management is the identification, inventory, and documentation of the current information system's status—hardware, software, and networking configurations. __________
False - configuration
In wireless networking, the waveprint is the geographic area in which there is sufficient signal strength to make a network connection. __________
False - footprint
The primary goal of the external monitoring domain is to maintain an informed awareness of the state of all the organization's networks, information systems, and information security defenses. __________
False - internal
To be put to the most effective use, the information that comes from the IDPS must be integrated into the inventory process. __________
False - maintenance
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is the overall process of developing, implementing, and retiring information systems through a multistep approach—from initiation to use. __________
False - maintenance to disposal
The NIST SP 800-100 Information Security Handbook provides technical guidance for the establishment and implementation of an information security program. __________
False - managerial
In e-commerce situations, some cryptographic tools can be used for misrepresentation in order to assure that parties to the transaction are authentic, and that they cannot later deny having participated in a transaction. __________
False - nonrepudiation
A semialphabetic substitution cipher is one that incorporates two or more alphabets in the encryption process. __________
False - polyalphabetic
The final process in the vulnerability assessment and remediation domain is the maintenance phase. __________
False - remediation
An effective information security governance program requires constant change. __________
False - review
An affidavit is used as permission to search for evidentiary material at a specified location and/or to seize items to return to an investigator's lab for examination after being signed by an approving authority. __________
False - search warrant
A validity table is a tabular record of the state and context of each packet in a conversation between an internal and external user or system. __________
False - state
You can document the results of the verification of a vulnerability by saving the results in what is called a(n) profile. __________
False - trophy
__________ interconnections are the network devices, communications channels, and applications that may not be owned by the organization but are essential to the organization's cooperation with another company.
Partner
. A(n) war game puts a subset of plans in place to create a realistic test environment. __________
True
A firewall is any device that prevents a specific type of information from moving between the untrusted network and the trusted network. a. True b. False
True
A packet filtering firewall is a networking device that examines the header information of data packets that come into a network and determines whether to drop them (deny) or forward them to the next network connection (allow), based on its configuration rules. __________
True
A wireless access point is a device used to connect wireless networking users and their devices to the rest of the organization's network(s). __________
True
All systems that are mission critical should be enrolled in platform security validation (PSV) measurement. a. True b. False
True
An example of the type of vulnerability exposed via traffic analysis occurs when an organization is trying to determine if all its device signatures have been adequately masked. __________
True
Biometrics are the use of physiological characteristics to provide authentication of an identification. __________
True
CM assists in streamlining change management processes and prevents changes that could detrimentally affect the security posture of a system before they happen. __________
True
External monitoring entails forming intelligence from various data sources and then giving that intelligence context and meaning for use by decision makers within the organization.
True
For configuration management and control, it is important to document the proposed or actual changes in the system security plan. __________
True
If an organization deals successfully with change and has created procedures and systems that can be adjusted to the environment, the existing security improvement program will probably continue to work well. a. True b. False
True
In an IDPS, a sensor is a piece of software that resides on a system and reports back to a management server. __________
True
In some instances, risk is acknowledged as being part of an organization's business process. a. True b. False
True
Intelligence for external monitoring can come from a number of sources: vendors, CERT organizations, public network sources, and membership sites. a. True b. False
True
Inventory characteristics for hardware and software assets that record the manufacturer and versions are related to technical functionality, and should be highly accurate and updated each time there is a change. a. True b. False
True
Major planning components should be reviewed on a periodic basis to ensure that they are current, accurate, and appropriate. a. True b. False
True
Organizations should have a carefully planned and fully populated inventory of all their network devices, communication channels, and computing devices. __________
True
Over time, external monitoring processes should capture information about the external environment in a format that can be referenced across the organization as threats emerge and for historical use. a. True b. False
True
Over time, policies and procedures may become inadequate due to changes in the organization's mission and operational requirements, threats, or the environment. a. True b. False
True
Policy needs to be reviewed and refreshed from time to time to ensure that it's providing a current foundation for the information security program. a. True b. False
True
Rehearsal adds value by exercising the procedures, identifying shortcomings, and providing security personnel the opportunity to improve the security plan before it is needed. a. True b. False
True
Remediation of vulnerabilities can be accomplished by accepting or transferring the risk, removing the threat, or repairing the vulnerability. a. True b. False
True
Secure Shell (SSH) provides security for remote access connections over public networks by creating a secure and persistent connection. a. True b. False
True
The CISO uses the results of maintenance activities and the review of the information security program to determine if the status quo can adequately meet the threats at hand. __________
True
The KDC component of Kerberos knows the secret keys of all clients and servers on the network. a. True b. False
True
The basic function of the external monitoring process is to monitor activity, report results, and escalate warnings. __________
True
The best method of remediation in most cases is to repair a vulnerability. __________
True
The false accept rate is the rate at which fraudulent users or nonusers are allowed access to systems or areas as a result of a failure in the biometric device. __________
True
The process of identifying and documenting specific and provable flaws in the organization's information asset environment is called vulnerability assessment (VA). __________
True
The vulnerability database, like the risk, threat, and attack database, both stores and tracks information. a. True b. False
True
US-CERT is generally viewed as the definitive authority for computer emergency response teams. a. True b. False
True
When possible, major incident response plan elements should be rehearsed. __________
True
A private, secure network operated over a public and insecure network. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
a
A step commonly used for Internet vulnerability assessment includes __________, which occurs when the penetration test engine is unleashed at the scheduled time using the planned target list and test selection. a. scanning b. subrogation c. delegation d. targeting
a
In which cipher method are values rearranged within a block to create the ciphertext? a. permutation b. Vernam c. substitution d. monoalphabetic
a
The __________ Web site is home to the leading free network exploration tool, Nmap. a. insecure.org b. Packet Storm c. Security Focus d. Snort-sigs
a
The __________ vulnerability assessment is a process designed to find and document selected vulnerabilities that are likely to be present on the organization's internal network. a. intranet b. Internet c. LAN d. WAN
a
The __________ vulnerability assessment is designed to find and document vulnerabilities that may be present in the organization's wireless local area networks. a. wireless b. phone-in c. battle-dialing d. network
a
The process of obtaining the plaintext message from a ciphertext message without knowing the keys used to perform the encryption is known as __________. a. cryptanalysis b. cryptology c. cryptography d. nonrepudiation
a
To evaluate the performance of a security system, administrators must establish system performance __________. a. baselines b. profiles c. maxima d. means
a
What is the organized research and investigation of Internet addresses owned or controlled by a target organization? a. footprinting b. content filtering c. deciphering d. fingerprinting
a
Which of the following is NOT a method employed by IDPSs to prevent an attack from succeeding? a. sending DoS packets to the source b. terminating the network connection c. reconfiguring network devices d. changing the attack's content
a
Which of the following is true about symmetric encryption? a. It uses a secret key to encrypt and decrypt. b. It uses a private and public key. c. It is also known as public key encryption. d. It requires four keys to hold a conversation.
a
Which of the following is used in conjunction with an algorithm to make computer data secure from anybody except the intended recipient of the data? a. key b. plaintext c. cipher d. cryptosystem
a
Which of the following provides an identification card of sorts to clients who request services in a Kerberos system? a. ticket granting service b. authentication server c. authentication client d. key distribution center
a
Which type of device can react to network traffic and create or modify configuration rules to adapt? a. dynamic packet filtering firewall b. proxy server c. intrusion detection system d. application layer firewall
a
__________ is used to respond to network change requests and network architectural design proposals. a. Network connectivity RA b. Dialed modem RA c. Application RA d. Vulnerability RA
a
__________ penetration testing is usually used when a specific system or network segment is suspect and the organization wants the pen tester to focus on a particular aspect of the target. a. White box b. Black box c. Gray box d. Green box
a
__________, a level beyond vulnerability testing, is a set of security tests and evaluations that simulate attacks by a malicious external source (hacker). a. Penetration testing b. Penetration simulation c. Attack simulation d. Attack testing
a
A process called __________ examines the traffic that flows through a system and its associated devices to identify the most frequently used devices. a. difference analysis b. traffic analysis c. schema analysis d. data flow assessment
b
Detailed __________ on the highest risk warnings can include identifying which vendor updates apply to which vulnerabilities as well as which types of defenses have been found to work against the specific vulnerabilities reported. a. escalation b. intelligence c. monitoring d. elimination
b
In IPSec, an encryption method in which only a packet's IP data is encrypted, not the IP headers themselves; this method allows intermediate nodes to read the source and destination addresses. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
b
One approach that can improve the situational awareness of the information security function is to use a process known as __________ to quickly identify changes to the internal environment. a. baselining b. difference analysis c. differentials d. revision
b
The rate at which authentic users are denied or prevented access to authorized areas as a result of a failure in the biometric device is known as the __________. a. reset error ratio b. false reject rate c. crossover error rate d. false accept rate
b
To maintain optimal performance, one typical recommendation suggests that when the memory usage associated with a particular CPU-based system averages __________% or more over prolonged periods, you should consider adding more memory. a. 40 b. 60 c. 10 d. 100
b
What tool would you use if you want to collect information as it is being transmitted on the network and analyze the contents for the purpose of solving network problems? a. port scanner b. packet sniffer c. vulnerability scanner d. content filter
b
Which of the following access control processes confirms the identity of the entity seeking access to a logical or physical area? a. identification b. authentication c. authorization d. accountability
b
Which of the following is a commonly used criterion for comparing and evaluating biometric technologies? a. false accept rate b. crossover error rate c. false reject rate d. valid accept rate
b
Which tool can best identify active computers on a network? a. packet sniffer b. port scanner c. trap and trace d. honey pot
b
Which type of IDPS is also known as a behavior-based intrusion detection system? a. network-based b. anomaly-based c. host-based d. signature-based
b
Which type of device exists to intercept requests for information from external users and provide the requested information by retrieving it from an internal server? a. dynamic packet filtering firewall b. proxy server c. intrusion detection system d. application layer firewall
b
Which type of firewall keeps track of each network connection established between internal and external systems? a. packet filtering b. stateful packet inspection c. application layer d. cache server
b
A __________ configuration is a current record of the configuration of the information system for use in comparisons to future states.
baseline
Control __________ baselines are established for network traffic and for firewall performance and IDPS performance. a. system b. application c. performance d. environment
c
In an IDPS, a piece of software that resides on a system and reports back to a management server is known as a(n) __________. a. agent b. sensor c. Both of these are correct. d. Neither of these is correct.
c
The bastion host is usually implemented as a __________, as it contains two network interfaces: one that is connected to the external network and one that is connected to the internal network, such that all traffic must go through the device to move between the internal and external networks. a. state-linked firewall b. screened-subnet firewall c. dual-homed host d. double bastion host
c
The intermediate area between trusted and untrusted networks is referred to as which of the following? a. unfiltered area b. semi-trusted area c. demilitarized zone d. proxy zone
c
Was developed by Netscape in 1994 to provide security for online e-commerce transactions. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
c
What is an application that entices individuals who are illegally perusing the internal areas of a network by providing simulated rich content areas while the software notifies the administrator of the intrusion? a. port scanner b. sacrificial host c. honey pot d. content filter
c
Which of the following biometric authentication systems is the most accepted by users? a. keystroke pattern recognition b. fingerprint recognition c. signature recognition d. retina pattern recognition
c
Which of the following is NOT among the three types of authentication mechanisms? a. something a person knows b. something a person has c. something a person says d. something a person can produce
c
Which of the following is NOT one of the administrative challenges to the operation of firewalls? a. training b. uniqueness c. replacement d. responsibility
c
Which of the following is a Kerberos service that initially exchanges information with the client and server by using secret keys? a. authentication server b. authentication client c. key distribution center d. ticket granting service
c
Which technology employs sockets to map internal private network addresses to a public address using one-to-many mapping? a. network-address translation b. screened-subnet firewall c. port-address translation d. private address mapping
c
Which technology has two modes of operation: transport and tunnel? a. Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol b. Secure Shell c. IP Security Protocol d. Secure Sockets Layer
c
__________ allows for major security control components to be reviewed on a periodic basis to ensure that they are current, accurate, and appropriate. a. System review b. Project review c. Program review d. Application review
c
The analysis step of an Internet vulnerability assessment occurs when a knowledgeable and experienced vulnerability analyst screens test results for __________ vulnerabilities logged during scanning.
candidate
The process of collecting detailed information about devices in a network is often referred to as __________.
characterization
A(n) __________ item is a hardware or software item that is to be modified and revised throughout its life cycle. a. revision b. update c. change d. configuration
d
An integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, protocols, legal agreements, and third-party services that enables users to communicate securely through the use of digital certificates. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
d
Common vulnerability assessment processes include: a. Internet VA b. wireless VA c. intranet VA d. all of these
d
In the _________ firewall architecture, a single device configured to filter packets serves as the sole security point between the two networks. a. state-managed firewall b. screened-subnet firewall c. single-homed firewall d. single bastion host
d
The __________ is a center of Internet security expertise and is located at the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development center operated by Carnegie Mellon University. a. US-CERT b. Bugtraq c. CM-CERT d. CERT/CC
d
The __________ mailing list includes announcements and discussion of a leading open-source IDPS. a. Nmap-hackers b. Packet Storm c. Security Focus d. Snort
d
The __________ process is designed to find and document vulnerabilities that may be present because there are misconfigured systems in use within the organization. a. ASP b. ISP c. SVP d. PSV
d
The combination of a system's TCP/IP address and a service port is known as a __________. a. portlet b. NAT c. packet d. socket
d
The optimum approach for escalation is based on a thorough integration of the monitoring process into the __________. a. IDE b. CERT c. ERP d. IRP
d
What is most commonly used for the goal of nonrepudiation in cryptography? a. block cipher b. digital certificate c. PKI d. digital signature
d
What is the next phase of the pre-attack data gathering process after an attacker has collected all of an organization's Internet addresses? a. footprinting b. content filtering c. deciphering d. fingerprinting
d
When an information security team is faced with a new technology, which of the following is NOT a recommended approach? a. Determine if the benefits of the proposed technology justify the expected costs. b. Include costs for any additional risk control requirements that are mandated by the new technology. c. Consider how the proposed solution will affect the organization's risk exposure. d. Evaluate how the new technology will enhance employee skills.
d
Which of the following biometric authentication systems is considered to be truly unique, suitable for use, and currently cost-effective? a. gait recognition b. signature recognition c. voice pattern recognition d. fingerprint recognition
d
Which of the following characteristics currently used for authentication purposes is the LEAST unique? a. fingerprints b. iris c. retina d. face geometry
d
Which of the following is true about firewalls and their ability to adapt in a network? a. Firewalls can interpret human actions and make decisions outside their programming. b. Because firewalls are not programmed like a computer, they are less error prone. c. Firewalls are flexible and can adapt to new threats. d. Firewalls deal strictly with defined patterns of measured observation.
d
__________ are a component of the "security triple." a. Threats b. Assets c. Vulnerabilities d. All of the above
d
A(n) __________ analysis is a procedure that compares the current state of a network segment (the systems and services it offers) against a known previous state of that same network segment (the baseline of systems and services).
difference
An attacker's use of a laptop while driving around looking for open wireless connections is often called war __________.
driving
Almost all aspects of a company's environment are __________, meaning threats that were originally assessed in the early stages of the project's systems development life cycle have probably changed and new priorities have emerged.
dynamic
Public key container files that allow PKI system components and end users to validate a public key and identify its owner. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
e
A cryptographic technique developed at AT&T and known as the "one-time pad," this cipher uses a set of characters for encryption operations only one time and then discards it. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
g
A cryptographic operation that involves simply rearranging the values within a block based on an established pattern. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
h
A software program or hardware/software appliance that allows administrators to restrict content that comes into or leaves a network—for example, restricting user access to Web sites with material that is not related to business, such as pornography or entertainment. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
i
Proven cases of real vulnerabilities can be considered vulnerability __________.
instances
The primary goal of the __________ monitoring domain is an informed awareness of the state of all the organization's networks, information systems, and information security defenses.
internal
The organized research and investigation of Internet addresses owned or controlled by a target organization. a. VPN b. transport mode c. SSL d. PKI e. digital certificate f. asymmetric encryption g. Vernam cipher h. transposition cipher i. content filter j. footprinting
j
The objective of the external __________ domain within the maintenance model is to provide early awareness of new and emerging threats, threat agents, vulnerabilities, and attacks that the organization needs in order to mount an effective and timely defense.
monitoring
As each project nears completion, a(n) __________ risk assessment group reviews the impact of the project on the organization's risk profile.
operational
The __________ tester's ultimate responsibility is to identify weaknesses in the security of the organization's systems and networks and then present findings to the system owners in a detailed report.
penetration
Organizations should perform a(n) __________ assessment of their information security programs.
periodic
The __________ step in the intranet vulnerability assessment is identical to the one followed in Internet vulnerability analysis.
record-keeping
The primary goal of the vulnerability assessment and __________ domain is to identify specific, documented vulnerabilities and remediate them in a timely fashion.
remediation
The primary goal of the readiness and __________ domain is to keep the information security program functioning as designed and improve it continuously over time.
review
The primary objective of the planning and __________ domain is to keep a lookout over the entire information security program
risk assessment
A(n) __________ risk is one that is higher than the risk appetite of the organization.
significant
In __________ selection, all areas of the organization's premises should be scanned with a portable wireless network scanner.
target
When an organization uses specific hardware and software products as part of its information security program, the __________ external intelligence source often provides either direct support or indirect tools that allow user communities to support each other.
vendor
The __________ vulnerability assessment is designed to find and document vulnerabilities that may be present in the organization's wireless local area networks.
wireless
