INFS 247

Data Visualization

Graphically visualizing the answers

Data warehouse front-end applications

Indirect access data* -referred to as BI (Business Intelligence) applications -used to provide access to the data warehouse for users who are engaging in indirect use

OLAP/Bi

tools are web-based

Online transaction processing(OLTP)

updating,inserting,modifying,delting -retrieving and presenting data from databases for operational purposes

ETL infrastructure*

infrastructure that facilitates the retrieval of data from the operational databases into the data warehouses

Source systems

operational databases that provide analytically useful information for the data warehouse's subjects of analysis

Performance Reasons

performance of operational day-to-day tasks involving data use can be severely diminished if such tasks have to compete for computing resources with analytical tasks

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

pre-made, integrated, corporate information system

The Manufacturer

reader scans the tags as items leave the factory

Distribution Center

readers scan tags on arriving boxes then goes to the store

Operational CRM

supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with the customers

Data Warehouse referred to

target system to indicate the fact that it is a destination for the data from the source systems

Data mart

data store based on the same principles as a data warehouse, but with a more limited scope (FOR SINGLE ANALYSIS)

Time Horizon Difference

difference between how long the data is useful for transactional vs. analytical needs

Data mining

discovering novel and interesting patterns in large amounts of data (accurate, meaningful, understandable, actionable)

Integrated information system

enables data sharing by multiple functional areas of the organization

Market Basket Analysis

measures support and confidence

Confidence

measures the strength of the correlation, so rules with low confidence are not meaningful, even if their support is high (# of transactions containing X and Y/number of transactions containing X)

Disruptive technology

new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of the existing customer

Sustainable Technology

produces an improved product customers are eager to buy

Reasons for the creation of a data warehouse as a separate analytical database

1.Time Horizon Difference 2.Performance Reasons 3.Difference in Structuring of Data

Supply Chain 3 main links

1.materials flow from suppliers and their "UPSTREAM" suppliers at all levels <-- 2.Transformation of materials into semi0finished and finished products through the organization's own production process 3.Distribution of products to customers and their "DOWNSTREAM" customers at all levels--->

Drill Down/Drill Up

-(Down)Makes the granularity of the data in the query result finer -(Up)Makes the granularity of the data in the query result coarser

Slice and Dice

-Adds, replaces, or eliminates specified attributes (or particular value) from the already displayed result

ETL includes...*

-Extracting analytically useful data from the operational data sources -Transforming such data so that it conforms to the structure of the target data warehouse model, while ensuring the quality of the transformed data -Loading the transformed and quality assured data into the target data warehouse

ERP Systems*

-If the business process is a "commodity" - ERP module probably can support it -If the business process is original(adds competitive advantage)-ERP module probably can not support it

Accessing data in data warehouses and data marts

-OLAP/BI Tools (for direct access) -Front-End/BI Applications (indirect access) -Executive Dashboards (quick glance at data)

Pivot (Rotate)

-Reorganizes the values displayed in the original query result by moving values of a dimension column from one axis to another

Basic OLAP/BI tools

-Slice and Dice -Pivot (Rotate) -Drill Down/Drill Up

Business Intelligence

A broad term encompassing analytical use of data

Click and Mortar Business

Combo (Bloomingdales)

Legacy Data

Data system company used in your computer before starting using current system

Predictive Analytics

Using past data to predict future events

Customer Relationship Management

a business philosophy based on the premise that those organizations that understand the needs of individual customers are best positioned to achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the future

Visibility

ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain (not possible without IT)

E-commerce

buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet

Analytical database (i.e. Data warehouse)

collects and presents analytical information in support of analytical tasks

Operational database

collects and presents operational information in support of daily operational procedures and processes

Supply Chain Management

companies are expanding their focus on suppliers, assemblers, etc. to influence their supply chain

consumer behavior

companies can respond to demanding and changing customers through supply chain enhancements

RFID System Components

-Tag (microchip added to products) -Reader (radio waves) -Computer Network/System

Dependent data mart

-doesn't have its own source systems -data comes from data warehouse (Ex: Payroll)

Challenges of E-Business*

-ensuring consumer protection (security concerns) -managing consumer trust (harmful goods) -adhering to taxation rules (mostly e-commerce) -a hotly debated issue-net neutrality (potential to expose suppliers)

CRM entails

-management of sales -marketing -customer support

Data Warehouses components*

-source systems(operational databases) -extraction-transformation-load(ETL) infrastructure -data warehouse -front-end (BI) applications

Four ways to implement an integrated enterprise information system

1.As an ERP System 2.As a Best-of-Breed Collection 3.As a Custom Developed Enterprise IS 4.Mixed Approach

Five basic supply chain activities

1.Plan (prepare to manage resources/required to meet demand) 2.Source (build relationships with suppliers) 3.Make (manufacture products) 4.Deliever (LOGISTICS) (plan for transportation) 5.Return (support cust./prod. returns)

The Ultimate Business Disruptor

Is the Internet

Difference in Structuring of Data

It is often impossible to structure a database which can be used in an efficient manner for both operational and analytical purposes

Pure Play (Virtual) Business

Only Online (Amazon)

RFM

Recency (how recently cust. purchased) Frequency (how freq. cust. purchases item) Monetary (how much cust. spends on item)

Data warehouse

a typical organization maintains and utilizes a number of operational data sources (i.e. operational databases) created within an organization as a SEPARATE data store whose primary purpose is data analysis

supply chain execution (SCE) software

automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain

Support

Measures the significance of the rule, so we are interested in rules with relatively high support (# of transactions containing X and Y/# of transactions)

Brick and Mortar Business

NO E-business (Ahees)

OLAP/BI Tools

OLAP tools are know as Business Intelligence tools -designed for the analysis of data in data warehouses and data marts

Independent data mart

Stand-alone data mart, created in the same fashion as the data ware house -own source systems and ETL infrastructure

Online analytical processing(OLAP)

querying and presenting data from data warehouses and/or data marts for analytical purposes

Analytical CRM

supports back-office operations and strategic analysis and includes all systems that do not deal directly with the customers

E-business

the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners (B2B,B2C,C2B,C2C) (i.e. customer to business)

Analytical information

the information collected and used in support of analytical tasks--based on operational (transactional) information (EX:future growth projections)

Operational information (transactional information)

the information collected and used in support of day to day operational needs in businesses and other organizations (EX:withdrawal from ATM/purchasing stocks/airline reservation)

supply chain planning (SCP) software

uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances