INFS 247
Data Visualization
Graphically visualizing the answers
Data warehouse front-end applications
Indirect access data* -referred to as BI (Business Intelligence) applications -used to provide access to the data warehouse for users who are engaging in indirect use
OLAP/Bi
tools are web-based
Online transaction processing(OLTP)
updating,inserting,modifying,delting -retrieving and presenting data from databases for operational purposes
ETL infrastructure*
infrastructure that facilitates the retrieval of data from the operational databases into the data warehouses
Source systems
operational databases that provide analytically useful information for the data warehouse's subjects of analysis
Performance Reasons
performance of operational day-to-day tasks involving data use can be severely diminished if such tasks have to compete for computing resources with analytical tasks
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
pre-made, integrated, corporate information system
The Manufacturer
reader scans the tags as items leave the factory
Distribution Center
readers scan tags on arriving boxes then goes to the store
Operational CRM
supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with the customers
Data Warehouse referred to
target system to indicate the fact that it is a destination for the data from the source systems
Data mart
data store based on the same principles as a data warehouse, but with a more limited scope (FOR SINGLE ANALYSIS)
Time Horizon Difference
difference between how long the data is useful for transactional vs. analytical needs
Data mining
discovering novel and interesting patterns in large amounts of data (accurate, meaningful, understandable, actionable)
Integrated information system
enables data sharing by multiple functional areas of the organization
Market Basket Analysis
measures support and confidence
Confidence
measures the strength of the correlation, so rules with low confidence are not meaningful, even if their support is high (# of transactions containing X and Y/number of transactions containing X)
Disruptive technology
new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of the existing customer
Sustainable Technology
produces an improved product customers are eager to buy
Reasons for the creation of a data warehouse as a separate analytical database
1.Time Horizon Difference 2.Performance Reasons 3.Difference in Structuring of Data
Supply Chain 3 main links
1.materials flow from suppliers and their "UPSTREAM" suppliers at all levels <-- 2.Transformation of materials into semi0finished and finished products through the organization's own production process 3.Distribution of products to customers and their "DOWNSTREAM" customers at all levels--->
Drill Down/Drill Up
-(Down)Makes the granularity of the data in the query result finer -(Up)Makes the granularity of the data in the query result coarser
Slice and Dice
-Adds, replaces, or eliminates specified attributes (or particular value) from the already displayed result
ETL includes...*
-Extracting analytically useful data from the operational data sources -Transforming such data so that it conforms to the structure of the target data warehouse model, while ensuring the quality of the transformed data -Loading the transformed and quality assured data into the target data warehouse
ERP Systems*
-If the business process is a "commodity" - ERP module probably can support it -If the business process is original(adds competitive advantage)-ERP module probably can not support it
Accessing data in data warehouses and data marts
-OLAP/BI Tools (for direct access) -Front-End/BI Applications (indirect access) -Executive Dashboards (quick glance at data)
Pivot (Rotate)
-Reorganizes the values displayed in the original query result by moving values of a dimension column from one axis to another
Basic OLAP/BI tools
-Slice and Dice -Pivot (Rotate) -Drill Down/Drill Up
Business Intelligence
A broad term encompassing analytical use of data
Click and Mortar Business
Combo (Bloomingdales)
Legacy Data
Data system company used in your computer before starting using current system
Predictive Analytics
Using past data to predict future events
Customer Relationship Management
a business philosophy based on the premise that those organizations that understand the needs of individual customers are best positioned to achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the future
Visibility
ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain (not possible without IT)
E-commerce
buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet
Analytical database (i.e. Data warehouse)
collects and presents analytical information in support of analytical tasks
Operational database
collects and presents operational information in support of daily operational procedures and processes
Supply Chain Management
companies are expanding their focus on suppliers, assemblers, etc. to influence their supply chain
consumer behavior
companies can respond to demanding and changing customers through supply chain enhancements
RFID System Components
-Tag (microchip added to products) -Reader (radio waves) -Computer Network/System
Dependent data mart
-doesn't have its own source systems -data comes from data warehouse (Ex: Payroll)
Challenges of E-Business*
-ensuring consumer protection (security concerns) -managing consumer trust (harmful goods) -adhering to taxation rules (mostly e-commerce) -a hotly debated issue-net neutrality (potential to expose suppliers)
CRM entails
-management of sales -marketing -customer support
Data Warehouses components*
-source systems(operational databases) -extraction-transformation-load(ETL) infrastructure -data warehouse -front-end (BI) applications
Four ways to implement an integrated enterprise information system
1.As an ERP System 2.As a Best-of-Breed Collection 3.As a Custom Developed Enterprise IS 4.Mixed Approach
Five basic supply chain activities
1.Plan (prepare to manage resources/required to meet demand) 2.Source (build relationships with suppliers) 3.Make (manufacture products) 4.Deliever (LOGISTICS) (plan for transportation) 5.Return (support cust./prod. returns)
The Ultimate Business Disruptor
Is the Internet
Difference in Structuring of Data
It is often impossible to structure a database which can be used in an efficient manner for both operational and analytical purposes
Pure Play (Virtual) Business
Only Online (Amazon)
RFM
Recency (how recently cust. purchased) Frequency (how freq. cust. purchases item) Monetary (how much cust. spends on item)
Data warehouse
a typical organization maintains and utilizes a number of operational data sources (i.e. operational databases) created within an organization as a SEPARATE data store whose primary purpose is data analysis
supply chain execution (SCE) software
automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain
Support
Measures the significance of the rule, so we are interested in rules with relatively high support (# of transactions containing X and Y/# of transactions)
Brick and Mortar Business
NO E-business (Ahees)
OLAP/BI Tools
OLAP tools are know as Business Intelligence tools -designed for the analysis of data in data warehouses and data marts
Independent data mart
Stand-alone data mart, created in the same fashion as the data ware house -own source systems and ETL infrastructure
Online analytical processing(OLAP)
querying and presenting data from data warehouses and/or data marts for analytical purposes
Analytical CRM
supports back-office operations and strategic analysis and includes all systems that do not deal directly with the customers
E-business
the conducting of business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners (B2B,B2C,C2B,C2C) (i.e. customer to business)
Analytical information
the information collected and used in support of analytical tasks--based on operational (transactional) information (EX:future growth projections)
Operational information (transactional information)
the information collected and used in support of day to day operational needs in businesses and other organizations (EX:withdrawal from ATM/purchasing stocks/airline reservation)
supply chain planning (SCP) software
uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
uses electronic tags and labels to identify objects wirelessly over short distances