INQUIZITIVE; Chapter 13
What does the map reveal about continual expansion through 1853?
Florida was purchases in 1819. It became a territory of the United States in 1822 an da state by 1845. Northern Maine was acquired from Great Britain in 1842. The territory of Texas extended beyond the contemporary state boundaries into present-day New Mexico and Colorado when it was annexed in 1845.
The Compromise of 1850 removed the slavery question from congressional debate. Yet, the new Fugitive Slave Act made further controversy inevitable. Which of the following provisions of the Fugitive Slave Act proved controversial?
Fugitive slaves who were apprehended in the North were now subject to federal commissions that decided their fate outside the control of local and state laws. The Fugitive Slave Act now prohibited state and local governments from intervening on behalf of fugitive slaves within their jurisdictions.
Texas annexation was not at the forefront of American politics until President John Tyler used it as a rallying cry for his bid for reelection in 1844. Identify the statements that describe the reactions of the nation to the annexation of Texas.
Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren, the prospective presidential candidates from both the Whig and Democratic parties, met and agreed to reject the immediate annexation of Texas on the grounds it might lead to war with Mexico. A letter by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun to President Tyler was leaked to the press and linked the idea of absorbing Texas directly to the goal of strengthening slavery in the United States.
Click on the areas of the map that were open to slavery by popular sovereignty in the 1850s.
Nebraska Territory, Utah Territory, Kansas Territory, New Mexico Territory.
The depression that began in 1837 sparked a large migration of settlers farther west. Until the 1840s, the American presence in the area had been limited to a few fur traders and explorers. But between 1840 and 1845, some 5,000 emigrants made the difficult 2,000-mile journey by wagon train along the Oregon Trail. Select on the map the start and finish points of the treacherous Oregon Trail.
On a map of the United States, the starting point of the Oregon Trail would be Independence, Missouri and the finishing point would be the Willamette Valley in Oregon (near present-day Portland, Oregon).
Senator Stephen Douglas hoped to apply the principle of popular sovereignty to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Identify what "popular sovereignty" means and how it was used in Douglas's reasoning.
Popular sovereignty is the principle that people should rule, and as such the status of slavery should be determined by the votes of local settlers and not the congress. popular sovereignty was seen as a political middle ground on the issue of slavery.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas hoped to apply the principle of popular sovereignty to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Identify what "popular sovereignty" means and how it was used in Douglas's reasoning.
Popular sovereignty was seen as a political middle ground on the issue of slavery. Popular sovereignty is the principle that people should rule, and as such, the status of slavery should be determined by the votes of local settlers and not Congress.
The Republican Party of the 1850s stood for "free labor" and "free soil." Which of the following statements describe the Republican stance on slavery and labor?
Republicans were not abolitionists; they focused on preventing the spread of slavery, not attacking it where it already existed. Republicans acknowledged that it was difficult for some white northern laborers to improve their lives and promised to help create more opportunities for them.
What does this map reveal about the U.S. railroad network in the 1850s?
The north had the highest concentration of railroad mileage in the United States. Four truck lines linked eastern industrial centers with western farming and commercial centers.
In what ways do the painting and engraving provide different viewpoints of the nation on the verge of civil war?
The painting of the three women represents a harmonious balance between two very different regions-the North and the South. The engraving of the rally in Savannah shows an uncompromising souther crowd demanding rights for their slave states.
Analyze the two presidential election maps, and then complete the following passage.
The presidential election of 1856 exposed that the nation's political parties had reoriented along sectional lines. Democrat James Buchanan won the entire South whereas Republican John C. Frémont carried the majority of the northern free states. This striking sectional divide continued four years later, as Abraham Lincoln won the presidency without a single vote from ten southern states.
As the Union unraveled, most political leaders sought for possible solutions to resolve the crisis. Among them, Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky offered a widely supported compromise plan. Identify the elements of Crittenden's plan to save the Union.
it guaranteed slaery in states where it already existed. It would extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, dividing territory "now held, or hereafter acquired" between slavery and free soil states.
Fill in the blanks to complete the passage describing the Know-Nothing Party's political stance on immigration. The Know-Nothing Party seemed to be one of contradictions: it wanted to limit the rights of immigrants, while promoting an anti-slavery agenda. Ultimately, the Know-Nothings actually accomplished very little in this regard. All European immigrants benefited from being white. These groups had the advantage of being able to vote, whereas free blacks could not.
limit, anti-slavery, vote
Slavery had a disruptive impact on the traditional political parties and immediately caused political transformation in the mid-1850s. Identify the economic and social changes that led to the rise of the Republican Party.
mass immigration from Europe. completion of the market revolution and industrialization. industrial economy.
According to the video, how were the outcomes of the gold rushes in California and Australia similar?
not outcome of the gold rush: -The diverse populations of gold rush towns resulted in racial tensions. is an outcome of the gold rush: -Immigrant populations were able to improve their social standing because of the wealth acquired quickly during these gold rushes. - They led to the massive influx of people from all over the world to Australia and California.
The Free Soil Party opposed the expansion of slavery into the newly acquired territories from Mexico. Previous attempts had been made to limit slavery. Which of these efforts provided the Free Soil Party with a strong basis to argue for congressional action?
the Northwest Ordinance the Missouri Compromise
Which of the following events that took place between 1855 and 1856 helped fuel the rise of the Republican Party?
the brutal caning of Charles Sumner. Stephen Douglass' policy of "popular sovereignty" was discredited by "bleeding Kansas.
When John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry failed and he was tried for treason, his last words before he was executed on December 2, 1859, were, "I . . . am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood." What did his quotation foreshadow?
the civil war.
How were the outcomes of the gold rushes in California and Australia similar?
the diverse populations of gold rush towns resulted in racial tensions. they led to the massive influx of people from all over the world to Australia and California
In the Supreme Court decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), Chief Justice Roger B. Taney issued a majority decision that defined who could be considered an American citizen. Which of the following arguments did Taney make when defining citizenship?
the founding fathers did not include, nor intended to include, African Americans in their definition of citizenship, therefore, African Americans are not entitled to claim the rights of being an American citizen
Brown was inspired by the global of violent resistance to slavery, exemplified by the revolt of Caribbean enslaved people in the Revolution. Additionally, Brown looked to highly publicized revolts by enslaved people in the United States, such as that of - in Virginia in 1832.
tradition Haiti nat
In 1836, Texas won its independence from Mexico. Texas joined the United States as a slave state in 1845.
true
In 1850, California applied to join the Union as a free state. This resulted in a crisis that led to the Compromise of 1850.
true
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was so controversial that in the North the Democratic Party split into two camps during the election of 1858 (pro-Douglas and pro-Buchanan) and ran two candidates against the Republican contender.
true
The Know-Nothing Party believed that only native-born Americans should hold office and the "aggression" of the Catholic Church needed to be halted.
true
The Know-Nothing Party seemed to be one of contradictions: they wanted to limit the rights of immigrants, while promoting an antislavery agenda. Why would a political party argue for limiting the rights of one group, but expanding the rights of another? While they did rally against certain groups, like Catholics, it was mainly because these groups didn't support the same ideals for which they stood, including abolition and temperance. Ultimately, the Know-Nothings actually accomplished very little in limiting the rights of immigrants. All European immigrants benefited from being white. These groups had the advantage of being able to vote, while free blacks could not.
true
The Supreme Court ruling Dred Scott vs. Sandfordheld out hope of settling the slavery controversy once and for all. Scott had accompanied his owner to Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery was illegal. Scott sued for his freedom, claiming that residence on free soil made him free. But the Supreme Court ruled that only whites could be citizens of the United States and, as a result, the Dred Scott decision declared the entire Republican platform unconstitutional for restricting slavery's expansion into the western United States.
true
Identify the arguments made by these American political figures during the Great Debate that led to the Compromise of 1850.
wanted to abandon the Wilmot Proviso if it meant sectional peace: Daniel Webster rejected any idea of compromise on slavery: John C. Calhoun argued that a "higher law" than the Constitution—the law of morality—condemned slavery, and so southerners had no right to claim that abolition was a violation of their constitutional rights: William H. Seward
By 1856, the Republican Party was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Free Soilers, and Know-Nothings. The Republicans were a mixed group, but they all opposed the further expansion of slavery and quickly rose as the major alternative to the Democratic Party throughout the North. What was the Republican Party's platform and beliefs regarding slavery?
"Free labor" northern society offered opportunity to move up in life by allowing the laborer to move up to the status of landowner or craftsman. Slavery spawned a social order only consisting of degraded slaves, poor whites with no hope of advancement, and idle aristocrats. Republicans believed that "the Slave Power," the proslavery political leadership of the South, posed a greater danger to American liberty and aspirations than immigrants and Catholicism.
Ralph Waldo Emerson predicted what the future of the United States would look like if the country tried to take over part of Mexico. Which of the following quotes resonates with his ideas?
"It will be as the man who swallows arsenic... Mexico will poison us"
Texas annexation was not at the forefront of American politics until President John Tyler used it as a rallying cry for his bid for reelection in 1844. Identify the statements that correctly describe the reactions to the annexation of Texas.
- A letter by Secretary of State John C. Calhoun to President Tyler linked the idea of absorbing Texas directly to the goal of strengthening slavery in the United States. - Prospective presidential candidates, Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren, met and agreed to reject the immediate annexation of Texas on the grounds it might lead to war with Mexico.
As the Union unraveled, most political leaders sought for possible solutions to resolve the crisis. Among them, Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky offered a widely supported compromise plan. Identify the elements of Crittenden's plan to save the Union.
- It guaranteed slavery in states where it already existed. - It would extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, dividing territory "now held, or hereafter acquired" between slavery and free soil states.
Identify the statements that describe the U.S. railroad system in the 1850s.
- Most of the new railroad construction in the 1850s occurred in Ohio, Illinois, and other states in the Old Northwest Territory. - The railroads completed the reorientation of the Northwest's trade from the South to the East. - Between 1848 and 1860, railroad workers added thousands of miles of new tracks.
Which of the following are valid statements about the election of 1844?
- President John Tyler used Texas annexation to facilitate his campaign and gain support from southerners. - Whig candidate Henry Clay rejected annexation of Texas because he did not want to inflame sectional tensions.
The Republican Party of the 1850s stood for "free labor" and "free soil." Which of the following statements describe the Republican stance on slavery and labor?
- Republicans were not abolitionists; they focused on preventing the spread of slavery, not attacking it where it already existed. - Republicans acknowledged that it was difficult for some white northern laborers to improve their lives and promised to help create more opportunities for them.
How did southerners view slavery and its expansion in the mid-nineteenth century?
- Southerners believed that slavery was like any other form of property and therefore could expand into newly acquired territory. - Southerners argued that they fought in the Mexican War and therefore earned the right to take their slaves into the newly acquired territory.
The path leading the nation to civil war culminated in the firing on Fort Sumter in April 1861. This chapter outlines the pivotal events between 1840 and 1861 leading to civil war. Place the following key events in chronological order.
1. The Mexican war2. the compromise of 18503. the Dred Scott decision4. the election of Abraham Lincoln
Analyze the following sketch from a Richmond, Virginia, cartoonist, done in April 1861, and then complete the following statement. In this cartoon, the cat, depicted as Abraham Lincoln, seeks to catch the mice, representing the seceded states, whereas the rat, symbolizing the Union lies dead, underscoring the futile effort to hold the nation together.
Abraham Lincoln, seceded states, Union
The Texas Revolt of 1835 was a chaotic affair that eventually led to the independent Republic of Texas in 1836. Identify the main battles and protagonists in relation to the Texas Revolt.
Battle of the Alamo Mexican victory over the forces of Texas Sam Houston First president and general of the Republic of Texas Battle of San Jacinto Texan victory over Santa Anna General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna president and general of the Mexican Republic
What role did abolitionists play in John Brown's war against slavery?
Black abolitionists Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman both provided financial support to John Brown's plot in addition to a group of white abolitionists known as the Secret Six.
John Brown raided the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in the hopes of starting a slave revolt. Brown became a public figure and conducted himself with great courage and dignity, winning admiration even from those who opposed his violent deeds. Which of the following statements about John Brown are true?
Brown's force that attacked Harper's Ferry on October 16, 1859, numbered only twenty-one men, five of whom were black. Brown was executed by the state of Virginia. During the Kansas civil war, Brown murdered five proslavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek in revenge for the attack on free soil.
Why did Abraham Lincoln oppose Senator Crittenden's plan to save the Union?
Correct Answer(s) Lincoln feared that Crittenden's reference to land "hereafter acquired" offered the South a thinly veiled invitation to demand the acquisition of Cuba, Mexico, and other territory suited to slavery. Lincoln refused to compromise on the issue of the expansion of slavery. Lincoln believed that the compromise undermined the results of the 1860 election. Incorrect Answer(s) Lincoln did not like that federal tax money would be used to study the suitability of newly acquired territory to slavery.
Review the author video on the expansion of slavery.
Correct Answer(s) Southerners believed that slavery was like any other form of property and therefore could expand into newly acquired territory. Southerners argued that they fought in the Mexican War and therefore earned the right to take their enslaved workers into the newly acquired territory. Incorrect Answer(s) Southerners accepted the power of the federal government and recognized its ability to ban slavery from newly acquired territories. Southerners believed that slavery degraded free labor and sought to contain it.
Analyze the presidential election of 1856 map, and then match each political party to its correct description(s). Please note that some labels or targets may not be used.
DEMOCRAT -Captured the recently admitted state of California -Gained 174 electoral college votes -Captured support in both northern and southern states AMERICAN - Gained only one state
The Mexican-American War was the first war fought by the United States entirely on foreign soil, leading to the occupation of a foreign capital. The war was seen by its detractors as a war of aggression. Identify why the following American public figures opposed the Mexican War.
Henry David Thoreau:- This public figure was jailed for refusing to pay his taxes in protest of the war and later wrote an essay defending his actions entitled "On Civil Disobedience." Abraham Lincoln:- This freshman congressman was disgusted by the behavior of the administration. James K. Polk - This president argued that mexicans had "shed blood upon american soil" Ulysses S. Grant:- This leader served with distinction in the Mexican War but referred to the conflict as "one of the most unjust (wars) ever waged by a stronger nation against a weaker nation."
Identify the statements that describe the population at the time of Mexican independence from Spain in 1821.
In california, thee were around 20,000 indians living and working on land owned by religious missions. In 1821, there were around 3200 missionaries, soldiers, and settlers living in California.
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed a resolution that came to be known as the Wilmot Proviso. Identify the statements that correctly describe the Wilmot Proviso.
It proposed that slavery be prohibited in the territories acquired from Mexico. The failure of the Wilmot Proviso led to the creation of the Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery.
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed a resolution that came to be known as the Wilmot Proviso. Identify the statements that describe the Wilmot Proviso.
It proposed that slavery be prohibited in the territories acquired from Mexico. The failure of the Ailment Proviso led to the creation of the Free Soil Party, which opposed the expansion of slavery.
Why does Lincoln believe the nation cannot exist forever half slave and half free?
Lincoln believed that the United States needed to serve as a model for the world to ensure that all men could find homes and improve their lives.
Identify the statements that describe the results of the election of 1860.
Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge carried most of the South win 18 percent of the popular vote. The Constitutional Union Party, which was quickly organized prior to the election, managed to come in third in the electoral college vote. Stephen Douglas, running as a northern Democrat, won the second-largest share of the popular vote.
How did the Confederate States of America's constitution differ from the Constitution of the United States of America?
The confederate constitution explicitly guaranteed slave property in both the states and in any newly acquired territory.
The Free Soil Party wanted to stop the expansion of slavery into the West. Identify the reasons people supported the Free Soil Party platform.
The Free Soil platform appealed to racist thinking in the North as it did not include emancipation or equal rights. The Free Soil Party would create more free states, which would break southern domination of the federal government. Northerners saw moving West as a form of economic betterment, so if the Free Soil Party blocked slavery's expansion, ordinary Americans wouldn't have to compete with plantations to have access to the land.
What arguments did southerners advocating secession from the Union put forth?
They were concerned that Republicans would l extend their party into the South by appealing to non-slaveholders. They were concerned about a Republican-dominated government and what it would mean for the South.
The areas of the map that were open to slavery by popular sovereignty in the 1850s
Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory, Nebraska Territory, Kansas Territory. Self-determination was also known as called popular sovereignty. In Kansas, people on popular sovereignty were found or flooded the territory.
Read and analyze the document from the chapter, titled "Letter to the Middletown Sentinel and Witness," derived from a letter written to a local Connecticut newspaper in 1850. In the excerpt below, six residents from Middletown, Connecticut, react to the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act. Click on the excerpts below where the residents describe their intent to disobey the new law.
When an enactment, falsely calling itself law, is imposed upon us, which disgraces our country, which invades our conscience, which dishonors our religion, which is an outrage upon our sense of justice, we take our stand against the imposition. When our sense of decency is clean gone forever, we will turn slave catchers; till then, never. Be the consequence what it may, come fines, come imprisonment, come what will, this thing you call law we will not obey.
Analyze the Voices of Freedom document in the chapter, titled Declaration of the Immediate Causes of Secession (1860). Then, complete the following statement. South Carolina's Declaration of Secession argued that South Carolina seceded from the Union because northerners have encouraged runaway slaves, elected a president hostile to slavery and its expansion, and worked to minimize the power of slave-holding states.
encouraged, hostile, minimize
Before Lincoln assumed office on March 4, 1861, seven northern states had formed the Confederate States of America, adopted a constitution, and chosen a new president.
false
The first part of Mexico to be settled by large numbers of Americans was Tijuana.
false
The Texas Revolt of 1835 was a chaotic affair that eventually led to the independent Republic of Texas in 1836. Identify the main battles and protagonists in relation to the Texas Revolt.
first president and general of the Republic of Texas Correct label: Sam Houston Texan victory over Santa Anna Correct label: Battle of San Jacinto Mexican victory over the forces of Texas Correct label: Battle of the Alamo president and general of the Mexican Republic Correct label: General Antonio López de Santa Anna
