Insy
A 'black hole' error on a DFD is when a process creates output without an input.
False
A control module can also be called a library module and is a set of reusable code.
False
A diamond on a structure chart shows sequence - like a baseball player would go to first base, then second, third and home.
False
A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs.
False
A structure chart is often completed in one attempt.
False
A structure chart shows sequence, selection and data flows.
False
According to the authors "Process modeling - and the creating of PMPs in particular - is one of the most important skills needed by systems analysts".
False
An effective process is an output process on a structure chart.
False
Because project teams rely more on packaged software, program design is no longer needed.
False
Couples in structure charts always show two modules that are executed together and are drawn with horizontal lines at the top and bottom.
False
Data (like Year-to-date totals) that come from a data store and are used in a process (like 'Calculate YTD Totals') and then the updated amounts are written back to the data store - can be drawn on a DFD model as a two-headed arrow.
False
Data cannot go from one process to another process without going to a data store first.
False
Data flow diagrams (as the name implies) focus on the physical data in a system.
False
Data flows are named with verb phrases (like 'Move Payroll Information to Payroll Database').
False
Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a 'data stream'.
False
Fan-In describes the number of subordinates that communicate with the control module.
False
Generally, transaction structures occur at lower levels of a structure chart.
False
It is possible to decompose level 1 processes even farther, so for example, process 2.1 on a Level 1 DFD might become 2.1A, 2.1B, 2.1C, etc.
False
Iterations are not used in good DFD design.
False
Many of the data stores in the logical DFD will be changed into encrypted word processing documents when a physical DFD is developed.
False
Process models are only used to document the current system (that is, the "as-is" system), since that is the system the users know and is the system that will be modified.
False
Processes in DFDs are shown as circles in the Gane and Sarson notation.
False
Structured English uses complete sentences to describe the work that a process performs in a system.
False
The Human-Machine boundary is part of the Human-Computer Interface into usability systems.
False
The data stores on the DFD correspond to Major Steps Performed on a use case.
False
The level 0 diagram shows all the major processes (at the first level of numbering - like 1 through 4), the data stores, data flows, but does not show external entities.
False
When drawing the human-machine boundary, all processes in the physical DFD will be automated, so only external entities will be excluded.
False
A good indication of needing a transaction structure on a structure chart occurs when a DFD shows a single data flow entering a process that produces multiple data flows as outputs.
True
A repository for data in DFDs is called a 'data store'
True
A signal of poor cohesion could be the presence of control flags that are passed down to subordinate modules.
True
A structure chart is composed of modules that work together to form a program.
True
A temptation when moving from analysis to design of a system is to jump right into coding.
True
A transaction structure in a structure chart contains a control module that calls subordinate modules and frequently occur with menus.
True
A well-constructed use case makes developing a data flow diagram fairly straightforward.
True
An afferent process is an input process on a structure chart.
True
An audit control / audit logfile might be a system related process, data flow and data store that would be added when creating physical DFDs.
True
Because (a) preexisting code needs to be understood, organized, and pieced together; and (b) it is still common for the project team to have to write some code and adapt packages to the business environment, it is therefore good for analysts to fully understand program design.
True
Children processes collectively make up the parent process.
True
Context diagrams show the entire system in context with the environment (like external entities).
True
Control couples show the passing of parameters or system related messages between modules (like 'end-of-file').
True
Data couples are shown by arrows with empty circles and show how data flows between modules.
True
Data flow diagramming is a tool for doing process modeling.
True
Data stores are named with nouns and have an identification number and description.
True
Every process has a unique identification number, a name, and a description.
True
Every process on a DFD must have at least one input data flow.
True
External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it.
True
Factoring is the process of separating out a function from a module in order to create a module of its own.
True
Functional, coincidental, and temporal are all types of cohesion.
True
In general, all process models will have as many level 1 diagrams as there are processes on the level 0 diagram.
True
Jim is working from a leveled DFD and creating structure charts. He is finding that the lower levels of the DFD generally correspond to transform structures.
True
Many business processes are too complex to be explained in one DFD.
True
Micah is adding implementation resources to change a logical DFD into a physical DFD. He should describe databases, files, tables, and processes as they will be implemented on the computer.
True
One important principal in process modeling with DFD's is the decomposition on the business processes into a series of DFD's.
True
Process models can be used with either 'as-is' systems or 'to-be' systems.
True
Processes should be named with a verb and ending with a noun (like Calculate Sales Tax).
True
Project teams usually use process modeling tools or CASE tools to draw process models.
True
The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow diagrams).
True
The purpose of the Level 0 DFD is to show all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated.
True
The second law of conservation of data states: "Processes cannot consume or create data".
True
The three basic kinds of processes on a process module are afferent, central, and efferent.
True
There are some 'system-related' data stores, data flows and processes that must be added when creating the physical DFD.
True
When creating the physical DFD, you may want to capture system information like date and time of update and user-id of the person who did the update.
True
While there is no one right way to begin, the authors have found it useful to first build the context diagram showing all the external entities to the system.
True
On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like: a) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 b) 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 c) 2A, 2B, 2C d) 2-A, 2-B, 2-C e) 2-initial, 2-main, 2-end
a) 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be: a) A process b) A data flow c) A data store d) An external entity e) A process relationship
a) A process
When changing a logical DFD into a physical DFD, it might be necessary to ________. a) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes b) Normalize the logical DFD into 3NF c) Create the user-interface with smaller fonts d) Change the system architecture to three-tiered architecture e) Delete extraneous data stores and delete extraneous data flows
a) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes
A process is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single piece of data within a system c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason
Andre has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a: a) Context diagram b) Use case diagram c) Level 0 diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
a) Context diagram
Which Data Flow Diagram does not have data stores? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagrams d) Level 2 diagrams e) Process Diagram
a) Context diagram
As a structure chart is constructed, it is generally best to build modules with: a) High cohesion b) Highly coupled c) High fan-out d) Have the word "and" in the module title e) A high level of coincidental cohesion
a) High cohesion
Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is: a) Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level b) Making sure that each data store has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow c) Making sure that each process has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow d) Making sure that all processes start with action verb phrases e) Making sure that all data flows have noun names
a) Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level
Generally, transform structures on a structure chart will have: a) Many afferent processes b) Many efferent processes c) Many data couples d) Many control couples e) Many conditional couples
a) Many afferent processes
Logical process models are: a) Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted b) Coded logic models c) Models based upon implementing the if-then-else programming structure d) Developed by the infrastructure analyst e) Created in the system walkthough
a) Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted
In a structure chart, the purpose of a control couple is to: a) Pass parameters from a subordinate module to the control module b) Pass parameters from the control modules to a subordinate module c) Pass data from a subordinate module to the control module d) Pass data from the control module to a subordinate module e) Chaperone the dance for programmers on the project
a) Pass parameters from a subordinate module to the control module
Thomas is trying to change his Use Case into a Data Flow Diagram. He has found that a use case step generally is the same as a ________ on the Level 1 Data flow diagram. a) Process b) External Entity c) Data flow d) Internal Entity e) Data store
a) Process
Ramesh has drawn a set of DFD's that are not properly balanced. This is probably a: a) Syntax error b) Semantic error c) Modeling error d) First law of conservation of data error e) Second law of conservation of data error
a) Syntax error
The fifth step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows
a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository
Pseudocode is: a) A language popularized by Feinstein and Longenecker in the 1990's b) A detailed outline of the lines of code that need to be written c) A 'pretend' syntax inherent in all CASE tools d) The translation of code into ASCII e) A dialect of Visual Basic only used in program design
b) A detailed outline of the lines of code that need to be written
Which of the following would be a 'black hole' error on a DFD? a) A process has no input b) A process has no output c) A process has four inputs and only three outputs d) Data moves directly from a data store from an external entity e) Two processes send data flows to the same data store
b) A process has no output
A data flow is: a) An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason b) A single fact c) A collection of data within a system d) A person, organization or system that is external to the system e) A combination of function and the data it acts upon
b) A single fact
Pseudocode is: a) The same as structured English b) A technique similar to structured English c) A subset of the Java programming language d) A coding environment sponsored by Oracle e) The term for designing language prototyping screens with Visual Basic or HTML
b) A technique similar to structured English
Decomposing a DFD means: a) Balancing the processes so that each process has three and only three sub-processes b) Breaking complex processes into a structured set of detailed diagrams c) Doing a walk through on the entire DFD structure with all the analysts on the project team d) Taking lower levels of process refinement and aggregating them into a major system e) Making sure that all data stores are shown on each child DFD diagram
b) Breaking complex processes into a structured set of detailed diagrams
The second step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows
b) Draw a human-machine boundary
A general suggestion about using couples in drawing structure charts is: a) The use of many couples clarify the processing b) It is best to be conservative when applying couples to your diagram c) To use 'combination' couples when both data couples and control couples are needed d) You should have at least twice as many afferent couples as efferent couples e) Use only data couples and no control couples
b) It is best to be conservative when applying couples to your diagram
Generally, transaction structures on a structure chart will have: a) Many afferent processes b) Many efferent processes c) Many data couples d) Many control couples e) Many conditional couples
b) Many efferent processes
Which is NOT true of structure charts? a) They show sequence b) They show the user interface c) They show couples d) They show selection e) They emphasize structure and reusability
b) They show the user interface
By definition, external entities on the DFD: a) Are used as the starting point for the physical data flow diagram b) Are outside the scope of the system c) Will be the top of the structure chart d) Will become database table entries e) Are updated with metadata to become part of the physical DFD
b)Are outside the scope of the system
In determining if a process is to be automated, the project team will do all of the following EXCEPT: a) Weigh the costs b) Redraw the logical DFD as a combined logical/physical DFD c) Determine benefits d) Evaluate the efficiency e) Consider the integrity of the process to the system
b)Redraw the logical DFD as a combined logical/physical DFD
____ refers to how well the lines of code within each module in a structure chart relate to each other. a) calculation b) cohesion c) control d) coupling e) fan-in
b. cohesion.
A payroll data flow diagram has a data store called Accumulated Salary Data. At one stage in the DFD, a process "Calculate YTD-Taxes" gets data from that data store, updates it in the process, and writes it back out. The diagram should show: a) A single line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details b) A dashed line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details c) A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details d) Two separate data flow lines but each with the same name YTD Payroll Details e) Two dashed lines but each with the same name of YTD Payroll Details
c) A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details
The three types of basic processes on a process model: a) Sequence, selection and iteration processes b) Navigation, status and work processes c) Afferent, central and efferent processes d) Batch, online and real time processes e) Singular, bilateral and library processes
c) Afferent, central and efferent processes
Every part of a system that is not automated will: a) Be ignored in the implementation of the system b) Be drawn as only logical DFDs not physical DFDs c) Be outside the human-machine boundary d) Go back through the analysis phase to become automated e) Will be drawn as diamond shapes on the structure charts
c) Be outside the human-machine boundary
Which of the following is NOT correct? a) Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram b) Every process is wholly and completely described by the processes on its children DFD's c) Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams d) Every data store has at least one input data flow someplace in the entire DFD system e) Every process has a unique name that is an action oriented verb phrase
c) Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams
Which would be the normal order of tasks? a) Requirements gathering, creating DFDs, creating use cases b) Creating use cases; creating DFD, holding JAD sessions c) Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams d) Doing BPR, analyzing documents, creating DFDs, creating use cases e) Doing activity elimination, doing use cases, doing DFDs
c) Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams
The Human-Machine Boundary a) Is the keyboard and screen b) Builds on research in ergonometry c) Is a line drawn on the physical DFD to separate human action from automated processes d) Is a part of developing the HCI interface e) Separates where manual processes are separated by human completed processes
c) Is a line drawn on the physical DFD to separate human action from automated processes
What diagram will have processes with one decimal place (like 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) and might have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Level 1 diagram d) UML state diagram e) Level 0 diagram
c) Level 1 diagram
Carlos has a Level 0 DFD diagram where one of the external entities is the "Internal Revenue Service" - and he has a data store called "Tax Rate Table". He has drawn a data flow arrow from the Internal Revenue Service to the data store as the data has been loaded into the Tax Rate Table prior to the processing. What would be true? a) This is correct b) This is incorrect, 'data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process' so he needs a process (like 'load Tax Rate Table') first in this system c) This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process) d) This is almost correct. The correct diagram would be a dashed line indicating that the loading of the data was implied prior to the start of this process e) This is incorrect. What should happen is an 'external process' should be called at the start of the process - like "Call IRS for data load"
c) This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process)
Data flow diagrams are: a) Usually created by users and reviewed by analysts b) Usually jointly created by analysts and users c) Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness d) Usually created by the project champion and reviewed by the project team e) Usually created by business analyst and reviewed by the infrastructure analyst
c) Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness
In a structure chart, the element that communicates that a message or a system flag is being passed from one module to another is known as a(n) _____. a) conditional line b) connector c) control couple d) data couple e) loop
c) control couple
Reusable modules, which are represented in the structure chart as rectangles with vertical lines on both sides, may often appear several times in a structure chart. These are called _____ modules. a) conditional b) control c) library d) loop e) off-page connector
c. library
When you are updating the data elements in the data flows (when creating a physical DFD) you might need to: a) Return to users to interview them about the physical data flows b) Update the original cost/benefit analysis to reflect the physical storage c) Do a technology analysis d) Add physical data elements to the metadata descriptions in the CASE repository e) Do formal benchmarking of the data flows
d) Add physical data elements to the metadata descriptions in the CASE repository
The third step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows, and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows
d) Add system-related data stores, data flows, and processes
Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown? a) Process b) Data flow c) UML Stage d) Data store e) External Entity
d) Data store
James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data? a) Move withholding to YTD storage b) Transfer fed taxes to YTD storage c) Calculation Result d) Federal Withholding Taxes e) Add amounts to YTD total
d) Federal Withholding Taxes
In most automated cases, data stores from logical DFDs will be converted to: a) Binary tables b) CD Rom disks c) Paper files d) Into database files / tables e) Encrypted hexadecimal values
d) Into database files / tables
Which of the following is NOT true? a) Analysts design programs in the design phase of the SDLC, programmers code programs in the Implementation phase b) Analysts can use structure charts to design programming logic c) Analysts can build in the three structures of sequence, selection and iteration into structure charts d) Programmers can take the logical DFDs and directly implement into code by compiling the metadata in the CASE tools e) Physical DFDs show additional details, such as what tables in the database replace data stores on the logical DFD
d) Programmers can take the logical DFDs and directly implement into code by compiling the metadata in the CASE tool
The context diagram shows: a) Detailed processing logic b) All major processes c) All the data stores in the system d) The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process e) The system in context with all other systems in that department (for example, accounts payable, accounts receivable, etc.)
d) The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process
Beth is considering a simple process for immediate orders. When processing an immediate order, a phone clerk writes the order on a paper form. Which of the following might be a reason NOT to automate this process? a) The clerk could make errors when writing the information wrong on the paper form b) The paper form could be lost when sent to the order filling /shipping area c) The writing on the paper form could be hard to decipher d) The costs to automate might be significantly higher than doing it manually e) The time to get the paper form from the clerk's desk to the order filling / shipping area is one day or longer
d) The costs to automate might be significantly higher than doing it manually
Which is NOT true of Structure Charts when designing programs? a) They show all the components of code that must be included in a program at a high level b) They are arranged in a hierarchical format that implies sequence c) They help analysts create programs that are easy to understand and maintain d) They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules e) They may have on-page and off-page connectors
d) They are generally implemented with control flags that pass from the control modules to the subordinate modules
In a structure chart, a transaction structure _____. a) contains a control module that calls several subordinate modules in sequence, after which something "happens" b) contains a control module that calls subordinate modules, each handling a particular transaction c) contains a transactional loop d) is a subordinate module that handles a particular transaction e) is subordinate to subordinal modules
d) contains a control module that calls subordinate modules, each handling a particular transaction
In a structure chart, the element that is drawn as an empty circle with an attached arrow is known as a(n) _____. a) conditional line b) connector c) control couple d) data couple e) module
d) data couple
There are two symbols that describe special types of control in a structure chart. They are a curved arrow and a diamond. These symbols represent _____ and _____. a) connector, conditional line b) control, subordinate c) library module, conditional line d) loop, conditional line e) loop, connector
d) loop, conditional line
What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc.) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? a) Context diagram b) Level 0 diagram c) Gantt diagram d) Level 1 diagram e) Level 2 diagram
e) Level 2 diagram
Mark has a data store called 'Items' and it includes all the items sold in a convenience store - sorted by UPC code with the retail price of the item. He has only one data flow called 'Item Details' that flows from the data store to the Process Checkout process. What will be true in this case? a) This is incorrect as every data store must have both inputs and outputs b) This is incorrect as every process must have both inputs and outputs c) This is incorrect as the data flow should have a verb phrase like 'Get Item Details' d) This is incorrect as there is no way to update the 'Items' data store e) This is correct
e) This is correct
The fourth step in creating a Physical Data Flow Diagram is a) Update the metadata in the CASE repository b) Draw a human-machine boundary c) Add implementation references d) Add system-related data stores, data flows and processes e) Update the data elements in the data flows
e) Update the data elements in the data flows