INT MKT Ch 4 Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets
Cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index tend to
Embrace an "I" mentality.
Which of the following statements about education in terms of its context as a social institution is true?
Nationwide literacy tends to help a country grow its economy rapidly
Aesthetics
The arts, folklore, music, drama, dance, dress, and cosmetics Symbolic system that art communicates The uniqueness of a culture can be spotted quickly in symbols having distinct meanings
Culture
The human made part of the human environment the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society
Which of the following statements about cultural change is true?
A marketer assessing a society should remember that cultures are constantly changing.
Cultural Borrowing
A responsible effort to learn from others' cultural ways in the quest for better solutions to a society's particular problems, thus cultures unique in their own right are the result of imitating a diversity of others
The arts, folklore, music, drama, dance, dress, and cosmetics of a culture are known as its _________.
Aesthetics
In the context of international marketing, a feature of culture is that it
Affects the way consumer prioritize the things they desire and the things they need.
In the context of elements of cultures, which of the following is a feature of language?
Around the world, the number of spoken languages has been dwindling.
Which of the following is a misconception regarding the economic unification of Europe?
As the economies of European nations are unified, consumers there will want to buy the same products and services.
Cultural Sensitivity
Being attuned to the nuances of a culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated, must be carefully cultivated
Which types of government foundered during the 20th century?
Communism, Fascism
Mastersource Inc., an electronics manufacturer, introduces products that resemble what is already present in the market to reduce cultural resistance. This scenario illustrates cultural
Congruence
Philip Parker's work indicates that managers should
Consider the ambient temperature of a region to be a market segmentation variable.
When looking for better solutions to specific problems in a society, a responsible effort to learn from the cultural ways of others is known as
Cultural borrowing.
Paying attention to the fine distinctions of culture so that it can be studied in an open-minded way, assessed, and admired is known as
Cultural sensitivity
Which of the following is the most likely reason for governments having little influence on cultural values when compared to family, religion, school, and the media?
Cultural values are usually set before and during adolescence
Which of the following statements regarding cultural values is true?
Cultural values can help marketers predict which consumers are most apt to buy something on impulse.
_________ is the sum of the values rituals, symbols, beliefs, and thought processes that are learned and shared by a group of people, then transmitted from generation to generation.
Culture
Planned Change
Deliberately set out to change those aspects of the culture offering resistance to predetermined marketing goals
Which types of government competed globally throughout most of the 20th century?
Democracy, Communism, Colonialism, Fascism
Countries have been transitioning from agricultural to industrial to service economies. This has led to which of the following?
Drop in birthrates
True or false: The "planned change" marketing strategy involves introducing a product to an unprepared market and hoping for the best.
False
Social Institutions
Family, religion, school, the media, government, and corporations all affect the way sin which people relate to one another, organize their activities to live in harmony with one another, teach acceptable behavior to succeeding generations, and govern themselves
The Chinese practice of _________ refers to a connection between people and the universe to energy that supports life and promotes balance and peace in a person's surroundings.
Feng shui
When evaluating a situation, a Westerner is more likely to
Focus on the central figures and not see much of the background
The Masculinity/Femininity Index
Focuses on assertiveness and achievement
The Power Distance Index
Focuses on authority orientation
The Uncertainty Avoidance Index
Focuses on risk orientation
The Individualism/Collective Index
Focuses on self-orientation
Innovations most easily incorporated into a culture are those that
Generate the most interest within society.
Which of the following will cause the countries within the European Union to become increasingly similar in what they need, what they want, and how they behave in the economic market?
Global mass communications, countries depending more on each other, both economically and socially
How do social institutions affect cultural values?
Governments have little influence over cultural values when compared to school, religion, family, and the media.
Philip Parker said geography influences economics in what way?
He contended that the latitude of a country strongly affects its per capita GDP
Randy works for a large manufacturing company. Though he is in management, his anxiety and stress levels are low. He likes to brainstorm with his colleagues and is open to exploring new ideas and taking risks. Which of the following is true of Randy?
His Uncertainty Avoidance Index score is low.
Which of the following statements about the origins of culture is true?
Historic events can affect technology, social institutions, culture, and how people behave
The __________ Index denotes an inclination towards behavior that advances a person's self-interest.
Individualism/Collectivism
People who come from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores often say that power and social status are derived from
Inheritance, social roles, manipulation
In what way is the culture changing in most countries?
It favors smaller families
Which of the following statements regarding the European Union is true?
It has led marketers to the false conclusion that there is such a thing as the "European consumer"
The concept of linguistic distance revolves around the notion that
It is less expensive to do business in a foreign country where people speak a language that is similar to that of the marketer.
Which of the following statements regarding cultural heritage is true?
It is one of the basic traits of human beings
Which of the following is the geographical argument used by Jared Diamond to theorize why Euro-Asian cultures have sometimes dominated African and American cultures?
It was easier for ideas and information to travel over the Silk Road instead of crossing the Sahara or the Isthmus of Panama.
In the context of cultural sensitivity, an international marketer should
Know how people resist to change within their cultures, recognize how cultures change, understand how a culture began and what its essential beliefs are
Unlike individualism, collective societies
Link people strongly together through close-knit groups.
Cultural Congruence
Marketing products similar to ones already on the market in a manner as congruent as possible with existing cultural norms, thereby minimizing resistance
Which of the following statements about marketing is true?
Markets are in a constant state of flux
What change has happened to American culture in the context of social institutions?
People are spending time with media such as television and the internet instead of socializing with their families
How has birth control changed social institutions and cultural values?
People now have smaller families, school children are now discussing topics such as abstinence
Which of the following statements regarding cultures that score high on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is true?
Personal ambition and free will are valued and encouraged in these cultures.
The degree to which a culture will tolerate social inequality between superiors and subordinates is reckoned by the
Power Distance Index
Which of the following statements about social institutions and their effect on a country's culture is true?
Religion has an enormous effect on a society's values
In most cultures, an infant's first experience with social institution other than the home is most likely to be
Religious
Which of the following have the greatest effect on values and culture?
Schools, families, the media
Corporations alter cultures and prompt new ideas by
Skillfully distributing innovative products and services
Linguistic Distance
The idea that crossing "wider" language differences increases transaction costs
Cultural Values
The importance of things and ideas Underlying the cultural diversity that exists among countries are fundamental differences in it
A culture is most likely to accept something new when _________
The innovation will not disrupt existing beliefs and behaviors very much, people have some reason to be quite interested in the innovation
Which of the following statements about rituals is true?
The most obvious rituals take place when people are experiencing turning points in their lives.
Rituals
The patterns of behavior and interaction that are learned and repeated
Which of the following are characteristics of global marketers who understand cultural differences that affect their business operations?
They pay attention to cultural differences in markets they are attempting to enter, they anticipate changes in markets where they are presently doing business
How do social institutions affect the cultural values of people?
They teach each new generation how to act in an acceptable way, they influence people to live in peace together
Which of the following statements about individuals from cultures with high Power Distance Index scores is true?
They tend to distrust people who are not part of their groups.
Which of the following is true of people from cultures that have low Power Distance Index scores?
They usually think people should be treated equally, and they say power comes from knowledge.
An individual who scores low on the Individualism/Collectivism Index is most likely to
Think in terms of "we" instead of "I"
True or false: International marketers must remember that what appears on the surface of a culture may be different in its cultural meaning because a culture adapts and customizes borrowed cultural facets to its own needs.
True
True or false: Marketers must be aware that their own cultures affect how they perceive other cultures.
True
True or false: The beliefs of one individual can seem amusing and silly to someone else.
True
Which of the following statements regarding similarities among cultures is true?
Two cultures that speak the same language might interpret certain phrases or words in a very different way
The tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society is measured by the _________ _________ Index.
Uncertainty Avoidance
Cultures that score high on the Uncertainty avoidance Index
Value security and they to always follow the rules.
Which of the following statements regarding the practice of cultural borrowing is true?
When people are introduced to a belief or practice from another culture and they approve of it, they incorporate it into their own culture.
Which of the following features are associated with cultures that score low on the Uncertainty Avoidance Index?
Willing to take risks, not much anxiety and stress, willing to put up with people who deviate from normal behavior
Which of the following statements regarding the change in family as social institutions is true?
Women are delaying marriage, especially in Asia
Cultures that score high on the Power Distance Index
are often hierarchical
What role does the marketer play as a change agent?
constantly adjusting their efforts cultural demands of the market, whenever the product or idea being marketed as innovative, whatever the degree of acceptance, the use of something new is the beginning of culture change