Week 1 - CH 2 - CH4
thesis statement
"main point" or "main claim" which guides your readers by announcing the main point or claim of the paper
extending "move"
Extend the author's ideas in a new direction or apply them to topics and situations that the author did not consider.
system of four "moves"
illustrating, authorizing, borrowing, extending
looking at the text
When reading critically, exploring why an author made specific writing choices means that you are __________.
She is looking through the argument.
Becky is reading an argument for her psychology class. She is focusing on understanding the main point and information in this particular passage. Which part of reading critically is she currently working on for this text?
topic
To define the _________ of your document, ask, "What am I writing about?"
contextualizing the text
While reading a paper for his business class, Uri asked himself what people from the author's culture valued, how the author's sense of ethics differed from his own, and who the political leaders of the time were. What strategy of reading critically is Uri using?
purpose statement
Your __________ guides you, the writer, and identifies what you want your writing to achieve.
characteristics of informative papers
present, review, explain, describe, inform, illustrate
public presentations
tend to be much more visual than on-screen and print documents
The "believing game" is:
(1) what the author says is completely sound, interesting, and important and (2) how the author has expressed things is amazing or brilliant.
(reader) profile
Before you start writing, you should develop a reader__________, or an overview of your readers' traits and characteristics.
explain
Keoni is planning to write an informative paper about the effect of cyberbullying on college students. He is trying to write a sentence to show what he wants this paper to accomplish. What verb could Keoni use in his sentence to show that he is writing an informative paper?
podcasts or videos
needs to be concise and focused
your (paper) angle
your unique perspective or view on the issue.
rhetorical situation elements
topic, angle, purpose, readers , context
the purpose statement
explains what you want your writing to do, and it also identifies the genre you are likely to follow.
writer, reader
A purpose statement guides the _________ by helping him or her to develop ideas and draft the paper; a thesis statement guides the _______ by announcing the main point or claim of the paper.
looking at a text
the "how and why" exploring why the author or authors made particular choices, including: genre, persuasion strategies, style and diction
looking through a text
the "what" reading the words and viewing the images to figure out what the author is saying primarily paying attention to the content of each text, not its organization, style, or medium
the Five-W and How questions
Which of the following should you use when developing a brief reader profile?
A Synthesis of Perspectives
taken from the "believer" and "doubter" sides of the game and helps you to create your own personal response to the text
style and diction
Robert is looking at a text for his American literature class. He is focusing on the uses of specific words and phrasing, including metaphors, irony, and specialized terms. What area of looking at a text is Robert focusing on?
the genre of the paper
Shelly's professor told her that she should write a literary analysis on any selection in the short story unit that they had just completed. Which of the following has the professor identified for Shelly?
the place (a reader will encounter her information)
Shuo is considering the context for her document and is asking the questions "What is visible around the readers, and what can they hear?" What is Shuo analyzing by asking the above question?
Have I sharpened my topic enough to handle it in the time and space I have available?
Stephanie is writing an argument on student debt for her political science class and is trying to understand the situation. She is currently working on the topic. What question should Stephanie ask to help her understand the topic?
what the author is saying
When reading critically, looking through a text means that you are reading the words and viewing the images to figure out ____________.
informative
Which of the following choices best describes this thesis statement? Acid rain is caused by the reaction between sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions and water in the atmosphere.
What has changed that makes this topic interesting right now?
Which question can help you find a new angle on a topic?
Five W's and How in reader profile
Who are my readers What are their expectations Where will they be reading When will they be reading Why will they be reading How will they be reading
The context
__________ of a document involves the external influences that will shape how your readers interpret and react to your writing.
three argumentative proofs
appeals to reason, appeals to authority and appeals to emotion
pathos
emotion Pay special attention to the author's attempts to use emotions to sway your opinion
rhetorical situation
explains the situation writers face
Informative Papers
inform, describe, define, review, notify, advise, explain, demonstrate.
context of document
involves the external influences that will shape how your readers interpret and react to your writing
look "at" text objectives
organization, style, motives, values, design features, voice and tone, cultural references, choice of medium
Persuasive Papers
persuade, convince, argue, recommend, advocate, urge, defend, justify, support.
context
purpose + audience; conversation about the topic
paper documents
often read more closely than on-screen documents.
three influential contexts for a reader
place, medium, and social and political issues.
extended reader profile
give you a more in-depth view of the readers' needs, values and attitudes
to persuade and to inform
What are the two primary reasons for writing in college or in the workplace?
The Doubting Game
you are a harsh critic, someone who is deeply skeptical or even negative about the author's main points and methods for expressing them. Search out and highlight the argument's factual shortcomings and logical flaws.
Pick the most interesting ideas and make another concept map.
Celia was making a concept map on her topic of social media, but her map became too large for the amount of time she had available to cover her topic. What should she do?
a research paper
For her history class, Lee Ann is planning to write a paper to explain how the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was plotted and carried out. Which genre is she likely to choose for this paper?
choose an appropriate genre
Once you have your topic, angle, and purpose, you should __________.
a purpose statement
The best way to choose the genre that is appropriate for a paper is to look closely at the ___________.
writing purpose
To inform, entertain, persuade, reflect, or express yourself, creative
why is the reader reading this document
What is a question you focus on when creating a brief reader profile?
question or implied thesis
a question or open-ended comment in the intro sets up a thesis statement that appears only in the conclusion of the doc
reader profile
an overview of your readers' traits and characteristics
argumentative thesis
states a claim that your readers can choose to agree or disagree with. This kind of thesis usually has two features, an assertion and backing.
the medium
the technology that your readers will use to interact with your document.
a persuasive paper
Tuukka wrote, "In my paper, I would like to convince people of the necessity of developing and using alternative forms of energy." What type of paper is he likely writing?
recommend
A verb that indicates a persuasive purpose?
a proposal paper
As part of his criminal justice class, David needs to write a paper suggesting ways the criminal justice system could solve the problem of the increase in school violence. Which genre would be most appropriate for David's paper?
borrowing "move"
Borrow a term, definition, or idea developed by the author for thinking about the issue you're writing about.
looking "at"
Describe how the author is using various strategies, such as style, organization, design, medium, and so forth to make the argument.
an informative thesis
For a paper she wrote in her adolescent psychology class, Gemma's thesis statement was, "Cyberbullying is causing a number of teenagers to withdraw from sports teams, a greater number of depressed teenagers, and an increased number of teenage suicides." Which type of thesis statement did Gemma write for her paper?
angle
For a psychology class, Milan is writing a paper on dating. Since dating is a broad subject, he has decided to focus on how the use of apps such as Tinder and online dating sites such as Match.com have hurt the ability of people to get to know each other on a personal level. This unique perspective on the issue is Milan's ___________.
what is your purpose
It is what you want to accomplish.
looking at the article
Lila is reading an article for her political science class. While reading, she is focusing on the organization, values, voice, and tone. Which part of reading critically is she currently working on for this text?
believing and doubting game
Peter Elbow is the creator of this
Freewrite about each possible angle.
Sabrina is trying to find an angle for a paper she needs to write about eating disorders for her psychology class. She has several ideas but doesn't know whether they will work. What should Sabrina do in order to see whether one of her angles works?
illustrating "move"
Use facts, images, examples, descriptions, or stories provided by an author to explain your own views.
What experiences and expertise do I have about this topic?
What questions will help you find your unique angle on a topic?
the text's content
What should you be focused on if you are looking through a text?
their (readers') values
When analyzing her audience for a college newspaper article on personal finance, Haley decides that her readers are primarily American college students who read mostly online, who respond best to listicles and conversationally toned pieces, and who are concerned about how the Boomer generation's spending (both personally and of public money) will affect the future that they will have to live in. What aspect of her readers is she assessing?
evaluate what the author has written
When asked to respond to a text, which option will lead to the most thorough response
How did my first reaction influence my overall interpretation of the text?
When employing the critical reading strategy of analyzing your own assumptions and beliefs, what question should you ask?
playing the Believing and Doubting Game
When reading an article critically for her media class, Stephanie used a two-sided approach that had her evaluating the text sympathetically and then skeptically. This process allowed her to figure out what she believed about the text and why she believed it. Which critical reading strategy did Stephanie use for this text?
scope
When you try to figure out what is "inside" and what is "outside" your topic, you are exploring its _______________.
in the introduction
Where does a thesis statement typically first appear in a paper?
responding to a text
While reading a text for his political science class, Cory asked himself if the authors' purpose didn't line up with what he needed to achieve. Cory asked if the authors met or disrupted his expectations of the genre they used, and if the text met his original expectations. Which strategy of reading critically is Cory using?
ethos
authority Look at the ways the author draws upon her or his own authority or the authority of others
"raiding"; reading selectively for the information they need
electronic documents
brief reader profile
gives you a working understanding of the people who will be reading your text
looking "through" text objectives
main point, facts, reasoning, evidence, quotations, descriptions, definitions
7 reading critically strategies
preview the text play the believing and doubting game annotate the text analyze the proofs in the text contextualize the text analyze your own assumptions and beliefs respond to the text
lagos
reason Analyze the author's use of logical statements and examples to support their arguments
social and political influences
social trends economic trends political trends
main features of a text
title, subtitle, author, chapters and headings, visuals
evaluating reader attitudes
What is not an aspect of analyzing the context of your document?
informative thesis
an informative thesis is appropriate when your purpose is to inform readers, not to persuade them:
reader values
values involve personal beliefs, social conventions, and cultural expectations. personal values, customs of their society, cultural values
critical reading
analyzing a text closely through cultural, ethical, and political perspectives adopting an inquiring and even skeptical stance toward the text, allowing you to explore beyond its apparent meaning
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs; physiological to self-actualization
he is responding to a text
In his argument paper, Damian wrote, "At the heart of this debate is a disagreement about the nature of cyberbullying, whether it was normal childhood behavior in a new medium or an escalation of violence and scare tactics. Child psychologist Fred Weisenfluh sees it as an escalation while pediatrician Noelle Sheffield sees it as normal childhood behavior. I disagree with Sheffield. Sheffield overlooks the importance of the changing nature of place. Because it is not limited by place, cyberbullying transcends boundaries and escape mechanisms that children of past generations were able to maintain." How is Damian using critical reading to strengthen his writing?
implied thesis
In some situations, you might choose not to state your thesis explicitly. narrative patterned genres (memoirs, narrative arguments, etc.) purpose is to move readers toward thoughtful reflection rather than to inform or persuade them about a single specific point.
authorizing "move"
Use the authority, expertise, or experience of the author to strengthen your own position or to back up a point you want to make without going into a lengthy explanation.
reader's place
What are the physical features of this place? What is visible around the readers, and what can they hear? What is moving or changing in this place? Who else is in this place, and what do they want from my readers? What is the history and culture of this place, and how does it shape how people view things?
Identify the major features, purpose, and genre of the text.
Which of the following best expresses steps that you should take when previewing a text?
extending "move" example
While writing a paper for one of her classes, Antonia wrote, "While I agree generally with Ricardo's recommendations on the issue of the negative image of fraternities and sororities, I suggest he does not go far enough. For example, they should not just seek to eliminate behaviors and practices that contribute to that negative image but should also engage in volunteer activities that would project a positive image." Which move did Antonia use to respond with a text's position, terms, and ideas?
Analyzing the proofs in the text
_________ is a critical reading strategy that involves challenging an author's appeals to reason, authority, and emotion.
audience analysis
background, values, beliefs, biases
a concept map
Crista is writing a paper on child abductions for her criminal justice class. She knows that she needs to narrow that topic down to come up with a thesis statement for her paper. Which of the following is a good way for Crista to explore the boundaries of her topic to narrow it down?
basic genres types
professional, academic, creative
create an extended reader profile
Because of the controversial topic of her paper, Rochelle wants to analyze her readers' personal beliefs and culture in order to avoid any misunderstandings in her paper. She also wants to consider her readers' attitudes toward the topic before beginning her paper. What should Rochelle do before writing her paper?
creating a reader analysis worksheet
Brad is trying to figure out his readers' traits and characteristics. He has taken a sheet of paper and made a table with "Types of Readers," "Needs," "Values," and "Attitudes" written as the headings across the top. Down the side, he has written "Most Important Readers," "Second Most Important Readers," and "Third Most Important Readers." What is Brad doing as he tries to better understand his readers?
looking "through"
Describe what the text says, summarizing its main claims, facts, and ideas.
the purpose of the paper
Mike is working to completely understand the situation to which he is responding in order to be able to choose an appropriate genre. He asked himself, "What do I want my readers to believe about wind energy in Ohio after they are finished reading my research report?" By asking that question, what part of the situation is he considering?
the medium (of delivery of information)
On Podcast Alley, Charles has uploaded his podcast analyzing the behavior of parents toward youth basketball referees. What context does the use of a podcast represent?
Pick a topic related to the class that he is interested in.
Quint has to write a paper for his psychology class but has not been given a topic by his professor. What should he do in order to choose a topic for his paper?
characteristics of persuasive paper
propose, suggest, recommend, evaluate, argue, request
