integrated life science
According to the reading, the Comparative method provides strong evidence for what phenomenon?
evolution
the Mid-Atlantic ridge is an example of which of the following?
A Divergent boundary
Which of the following is the equation for average Velocity?
Average V=Δd/Δt
Which of the following provides evidence for Plate tectonic theory (Please select all that apply)
-The distribution of similar fossils in places now separated by large distances and large bodies of water. -Changes in the direction of magnetic fields in rocks formed at different times in Earth's history. -The matching of coastlines on continents
A lever is used to lift an object weighing 490 Newtons (the metric unit for weight -- remember, Grams are the metric unit for mass) the force necessary to do this is 3,920 Newtons. What is the mechanical advantage of this lever?
0.125
Place the structures below into the proper order that blood flows through them in human circulation, starting from the Vena Cava, which carries de-oxygenated blood into the heart via the right atrium. It then goes into...
1. RV 2. PA 3. Lungs 4. PV 5. LA 6. LV 7. Aorta
Use Newton's second law to calculate the acceleration of an object that has a mass of 10 kg and is pushed forward with a force of 20 Newtons.
2 m/s2
An object is moving with an initial velocity (V0) of 20 m/s. The net result of all forces acting on the object is an acceleration of 0m/s2 What is the velocity of this object after 5 seconds of this acceleration?
20 m/s
What percentage of all species that have ever lived have gone extinct, according to the reading?
99%
Review: Chamber A has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of Carbon Dioxide, while Chamber B has a low Oxygen concentration and a high carbon dioxide concentration. Which of the following will result if diffusion is allowed to occur between the two chambers? (select all that apply)
A net movement of Carbon dioxide from Chamber B to Chamber A A net movement of Oxygen from Chamber A to Chamber B
Microevolution occurs at which of the following scales?
A population
The term "Concentration gradient" refers to:
A region in which the concentration of a substance changes
The main, energy bearing product of Aerobic cellular respiration is:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Match each process below to the statement that best matches it.
Aerobic cellular respiration- Produces a large amount of ATP. Glycolysis- Produces a small amount of ATP. Fermentation- Produces No ATP directly.
A sound wave is driven by sinusoidal variation in what physical feature?
Air Pressure
For an object to be in equilibrium:
All forces on the object must be balanced by an equal force in the opposite direction
According to the reading, Technology is best defined as:
All types of human-made systems and processes
You find an organism and, after studying it for a while, discover that both its haploid cells and its diploid cells undergo mitosis at different points in the life cycle. Which kind of life cycle does the organism possess?
Alternation of generations life-cycle
The main function of the external ear is to:
Amplify sounds entering the auditory canal
Nitrogen Fixation refer to various processes that chemically convert Nitrogen from forms that are not amenable to use by biological systems (like N2) into forms that are usable by biological systems (like ammonium ions NH4+, or nitrate ions, NO3-). Which of the following ways of fixing nitrogen is caused by lightning breaking apart N2?
Atmospheric fixation
In the example using the golfer in the reading, why does the truck accelerate much less than the golf ball?
Because the truck has a much larger mass than the golf ball.
Why does the pyramid of Biomass largely reflect the pyramid of energy?
Biomass is roughly correlated with energy in an organism
In the example provided in the reading, which process accounts for most of the difference between gross production and net production, regardless of trophic level?
Cellular Respiration
Which of the following processes returns carbon to the atmosphere from living systems.
Cellular respiration
There are five basic tasks that simple machines can do, though not all simple machines can do all five of them. Below, Identify the five things that simple machines can do: You must select all five to receive full credit.
Change the direction of a force Change the magnitude of a force Change the distance over which a force acts Change the location of a force Change the speed with which a force acts.
Which of the following are the two types of weathering? (must answer both correctly to receive credit)
Chemical weathering Mechanical weathering
Your sense of hearing relies on energy transfer of which of the following types (Check all that apply)
Conduction
The motion of continental crust central to the idea of plate tectonics is thought to be caused largely by energy supplied by what?
Convection cells below the Earth's crust
Match each of the three types of heat transfer below with the description that best fits it: This question is worth 1.5 pts: partial credit will be awarded.
Convection- The transfer of energy due to motion within a fluid. Conduction- The transfer of energy within a material due to collisions of molecules within the material. Radiation- The transfer of energy through Electromagnetic waves.
Linear Mountain chains generally occur along what features of the earth?
Convergent boundaries
Which of the following is always necessary for speciation to be complete
Correct answer: A genetically based barrier to gene flow
Which of the following best distinguishes macroevolution from microevolution?
Correct answer: Microevolution is the evolution that occurs within a species, while macroevolution is evolution above the species level
Many of the NGSS standards in the life sciences, physical sciences and Earth and space sciences begin with an engineering process.
True
Which of the following best summarizes the main purpose of engineering as envisioned by the NGSS?
Designing solutions to human problems
Select the three phrases below that exemplify the core ideas of Engineering design
Designing solutions to problems Optimizing design solutions Defining and delimiting problems
The Main function of the Semicircular Canals is to:
Detect balance
In animals, the Gametes are called: (answer all correct to receive credit)
Eggs Sperm
Although we usually talk about heat flowing from warm objects to cool objects, heat actually moves in both directions: heat moves from the warm object to the cool object, and also from the cool object to the warm object. However, since heat flows faster from the warm object than from the cool object, the net heat transfer is from the warm object to the cool object. Knowing this, think about what will happen if there are two objects with the same temperature, and nothing else to consider: which term best applies to this situation?
Equilibrium
Speciation requires geographic isolation
False
Students in grades K-2 are not expected to compare different solutions to a problem.
False
The species can be defined as "a group of individuals that actually or potentially interbreed in nature", and this definition applies clearly to all species.
False
The uptake and return of carbon to the atmosphere is in balance.
False
Which of the following statements about fitness is most accurate.
Fitness is relative. What is fit in one time or place may or may not be fit in another time or place
Why does the amount of energy in a trophic level get smaller as you move from producers through primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers?
The efficiency of conversion from one trophic level to the next is less than 100%
Which of the following must be true for any simple machine to function?
The effort (input) work must equal or exceed the resistance (output) work.
With the exception of the zygospore, the nuclei of fungal cells are:
Haploid
What are the three main types of rock (must answer all 3 to receive credit)
Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Sedimentary Rock
Which of the following statements regarding the intent of including engineering in the science standards is correct according to the engineering design appendix?
It is intended to emphasize the key knowledge and skills that all students need in order to engage fully as workers, consumers, and citizens in 21st century society
Sweat is able to cool you off on a hot day because:
It takes a lot of energy to vaporize the water in your sweat , and when the water evaporates, the energy leaves with it.
The ossicles in the ear (technically the auditory ossicles) are three bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus and stapes (a.k.a. the hammer, anvil & stirrup). Together, these bones act as what kind of simple machine to perform their function of sound amplification/suppression?
Levers
Which of the following best explains why living systems do not violate the second law of thermodynamics (Entropy always increases in an isolated system).
Life does not violate the second law of thermodynamics because although living systems produce order from disorder, they are not isolated systems: they use energy inputs (usually from either from food or the sun) from outside the system to produce order.
Which of the following statements regarding mechanical advantage is true?
Mechanical advantage can never be less than zero
Which of the following processes can result in production of a haploid cell from a diploid cell?
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction involves alternation between which cellular-level processes? (must select all to receive full credit)
Meiosis Fertilization
Which of the following best describes the pattern of Density as one moves from the Earth's Core to the Crust?
Most dense at the inner core, density decreases as you move toward the crust.
An adaptation is produced by which of the following processes?
Natural Selection
Which process produces adaptations?
Natural Selection
Which of the following are methods of science? Please select all that apply.
Observational Experiments Mathematical Models Discovery science The Comparative method
Organisms that acquire energy from sunlight are often referred to as:
Photoautrophs
Which of the following processes is characteristic of most autotrophs, and lacking in all consumers (primary, secondary, etc.)?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following processes removes carbon from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis
Which of the following statements is true? You must select all correct answers to receive credit
Plants conduct Aerobic cellular respiration Animals conduct Aerobic cellular respiration Plants conduct photosynthesis
Which of the following is the accurate equation for the pressure of an object sitting on a surface?
Pressure=Force/Area
Your sense of sight relies on energy transfer of which of the following types (Check all that apply)
Radiation
Which of the following best describes the basic problem with mitosis that meiosis solves?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusing of two cells into one cell. Sexually reproducing organisms that relied only on mitosis would double of the number of chromosomes in each cell every generation.
Which of the following is considered to be the key feature that explains why sexual reproduction is so common in multicellular organisms?
Sexual reproduction results in greater genetic diversity among offspring than asexual reproduction does
Which law below explains why you can set the effort/input Work equal to the resistance/output work in simple machines?
The 1st law of thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy).
The structure(s) responsible for equalizing the pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere is:
The Eustachian Tube
Which of the following geological features is the result of a Transform Boundary?
The San Andreas fault
A small truck with low mass collides head on with a large truck with a higher mass. Which of the following is true?
The force on the large truck and the force on the small truck are equal.
Most materials stay in roughly the same concentration as they move from one trophic level to the next, but some do not. What characteristic best indicates that a particular material is likely to increase in concentration as it moves from producers to tertiary consumers?
The material returns to the environment from living tissues very slowly.
When small molecules are combined to build larger molecules, which of the following is usually true?
The reaction requires an input of energy from the environment
According to the class reading, which of the following types of simple machines can be considered as modified inclined planes? (please answer all that apply to receive credit)
The wedge The screw
Which of the following is true of the four different happy face spiders shown in the reading, and why?
They all belong to the same species because they can interbreed.
A selectively impermeable membrane (also known as a semi-permeable membrane) has which of the following properties?
They allow some substances to diffuse through them and prevent others
When two different substances are diffusing at the same time, each substance diffuses in response to its own concentration, without regard for the concentration of the other substance.
True
According to the reading, what are the three requirements for evolution by natural selection? (Please select all that apply to receive credit)
Variation Heredity Differential reproduction
Which of the following cannot be used to test a hypothesis?
discovery science
The Berkeley evolution library defines evolution simply as "Descent with modification". However, to really understand this, what specifically needs to be modified?
gene frequency
What important method in science has several types, that include physical, functional, conceptual, and mathematical?
models
Which of the following types of organisms is best considered to be a producer?
plants
Measurement-based approaches to science do not lead to true experiments, though they can sometimes lead to tests that look a lot like experiments.
true