INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Ace your homework & exams now with Quizwiz!

Epidermal Derivatives (Skin Appendages)

Hair: Nails: Exocrine glands:

Under normal conditions, some interstitial fluids slowly escape through the epidermis via a process called ______ water loss.

transepidermal

. Dermis

1. Middle layer 2. composed of dense irregular and areolar connective tissues 3. Contains nerve endings, hair follicles, & glands 4. Dermal papillae (projections of the dermis into the epidermis)

. Epidermis: (epi=on, derma=skin)

1. Outer layer 2. composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 3. Avascular 4. Thick skin = 5 layers Thin skin = 4 layers

nails

1. formed from stratum corneum 2. Function: protection and grasping

Stratum Lucidum:

2-3 layers of dead, anucleated, keratinized, clear cells, only found on thick skin.

Stratum Corneum:

20-30 layers of dead, keratinized, anucleated cells (cornified = brittle, hardened); outer cells are constantly shed

. Melanocytes:

2nd most numerous; found in stratum basale w/ processes extending into the stratum spinosum. Produce melanin

Stratum Granulosum:

3-5 layers of flattened cells with visible granules; cells undergo keratinization here (keratinization = the process by which the nucleus shrivels up, cell dies, and cell fills up with the protein keratin)

Tactile Cells:

3rd most numerous; found only in the stratum basale; provide information regarding tactile (light touch) sensation

Epidermal Dendritic Cells:

4th most numerous; found primarily in the stratum spinosum; phagocyte

The integument accounts for about _____% of the body weight.

8

Layers of the Integument

Epidermis and Dermis

Which best describes the differences between sensible and insensible perspirations produced by sweat glands in the skin?

Insensible is in the form of water vapor and cannot be seen while sensible contains water and salts and can be seen. Insensible can be visible while sensible cannot.

Cells of the Epidermis

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Tactile Cells, Epidermal Dendritic Cells

A. Hair:

Made by the hair follicle . 3 parts: bulb, root, and shaft 2. Arrector pili muscle 3. Function: protect from sun damage and trauma. Also for heat retention.

Layers of the Dermis

Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer

Exocrine glands:

Sebaceous glands, Sweat (sudoriferous) glands,

Integumentary system =

Skin + Exocrine glands + Hair + Nails + associated nerves + associated blood vessels

Layers of Epidermis

Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum

Which are functions of the subcutaneous layer? Select all that apply.

Thermal insulation Protection Energy reservoir

Which of the following cells is found only in the stratum basale and is a light touch receptor?

a. Tactile Cell

Sebaceous glands = Oil (= sebum) glands

a. associated with hair follicles b. Functions: soften the skin & bactericidal

2. Mammary glands

a. modified sweat glands b. produce milk

Ceruminous glands (cerumen = earwax)

a. modified sweat glandsb. in external auditory canal c. cerumen can trap foreign particles and small insects, and it helps to keep the eardrum "soft'

The two types of connective tissue in the dermis are ______.

areolar and dense irregular

There are no blood vessels in the epidermis. The term for lack of blood vessels is ______.

avascular

The predominant type of protein fiber found in the dermis is ______.

collagen

Integument =

covering= skin (largest organ of body)

Another name for the skin is the ______ membrane.

cutaneous membrane

Reticular Layer:

deepest; composed of primarily dense irregular C.T., contains blood vessels; sensory receptors (neurons); secretory portions of glands; hair follicles; duct of glands

middle layer

dermis

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called ______.

epidermal ridges

outer layer

epidermis

The skin is made up of two distinct layers, the _____ and the _____.

epidermis, dermis

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

fingerprints

b. Apocrine

i. axillary and pubic regions ii. Secretes onto hair roots iii. Releases odorous secretions called pheromones

a. Merocrine

i. found everywhere ii. releases perspiration (sweat) for thermoregulation. (regulates temp)

Keratinocytes:

most numerous; found in all layers; produce keratin

Subcutaneous layer (= hypodermis; superficial fascia)

not considered part of the integument. · Below dermis · Stores fat and anchors upper layers to other tissues · Composed of areolar CT and adipose CT

The ______ layer of the dermis contains areolar connective tissue and dermal papillae.

papillary

Stratum Spinosum:

several layers of polygonal-shaped cells with spines. Small degree of mitosis here.

Stratum Basale:

single layer of columnar/cuboidal cells resting on the basement membrane; cells are very mitotic

Papillary Layer:

uppermost; composed of areolar C.T. and dermal papillae; contains blood vessels; sensory receptors (neurons); portions of the ducts of glands and hair roots.


Related study sets

Government Funded Health Insurance Plans

View Set

Spanish Recipricos and Reflexivos

View Set

Environmental Biology/BIOL-2306/Chapter 01

View Set

Psychology 100.001 Modules 10-15,31

View Set

Chapter 6 Big Data and Analytics

View Set