Integumentary System Worksheet

Distinguish between a hair and a hair follicle

A hair is made of a tough protein called keratin. A hair follicle anchors each hair into the skin. The hair bulb forms the base of the hair follicle. In the hair bulb, living cells divide and grow to build the hair shaft.

Do the following descriptions refer to sebaceous, sudoriferous, or Apocrine glands: A. Sweat glands: B. If this gland's duct becomes blocked by sebum, it can lead to acne: C. Present in: the axillary and genital areas of body and function during puberty

A. Apocrine B. Sebaceous C. Sudoriferous

The color of human skin depends upon... A. Whether the blood within the skin is well oxygenated B. The number of underlying blood vessels C. The kind and amount of pigment D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which is not a function of the skin? A. Protection against mechanical injury B. Protection against foreign invaders C. Regulation of body heat D. All of the above are functions

D. All of the above are functions

The layer of skin that lacks blood vessels is... A. Subcutaneous B. Dermis C. Integument D. Epidermis

D. Epidermis

Distinguish between eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

Eccrine glands occur over most of your body and open directly onto the surface of your skin. Apocrine glands open into the hair follicle, leading to the surface of the skin.

Epidermis contains a few distinct cell types. Fill in the name of the cell type that fits each description: A. Most numerous cell type, this cell produces keratin which helps to waterproof skin: _________________________ B. This type of cell produces the pigments which give skin its color: __________________________.

A. Kerantinocytes B. Melanocytes

The amount of melanin produced in the skin is determined by the... A. Number of melanocytes B. Activity of melanocytes C. Diet D. Proximity of blood vessels to the skin

A. Number of melanocytes

Answer these question about glands. A. Where in the body would you most likely find sebaceous glands? B. What are the functions of these glands?

A. Sebaceous glands are found in most of the skin (except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet). B. The normal function of sebaceous glands is to produce and secrete sebum, a group of complex oils including triglycerides and fatty acid breakdown products, wax esters, squalene, cholesterol esters and cholesterol. Sebum lubricates the skin to protect against friction and makes it more impervious to moisture.

Which epidermal layer is closest to a blood supply? A. Stratum basale B. Stratum spinosum C. Stratum granulosum D. Stratum corneum

A. Stratum basale

The epidermis is ________________________; that is it has no blood supply of its own, similar to epithelial tissue.

Avascular

Which layer of epidermis would be gradually shed through bathing? A. Stratum granulosum B. Stratum corneum C. Stratum basale D. Stratum lucidum

B. Stratum corneum

What is a body membrane? What are the 2 types and what are included within these subtypes?

Body membranes are thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover body organs within the cavities in hollow organs. Two main types are epithelial and connective tissue membranes. Sub-categories include mucous membranes, serous membranes, synovial membranes, and meninges.

The dermis is primarily composed of which tissue type? A. Nervous B. Muscle C. Connective D. Epithelial

C. Connective

The dermis does not contain ... A. Sebaceous glands B. Hair follicles C. Mucous glands D. Nerves

C. Mucous glands

Match the following disease or disorder with the description that best describes the condition: A. Acne B. Athletes Foot C. Burns D. Cancer E. Boils & Carbuncles _____________Uncontrolled cell growth. _____________A fungus infection that invades and lives off of the dead outer layers of the skin. _____________A sometimes hereditary, chronic condition characterized by reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry, silvery scales. _____________An inflammatory condition of infected sebaceous glands _____________Tissue injury caused by thermal, electrical, chemical or radioactive sources.

Cancer, athletes foot, boils and carbuncles, acne, and burns

Distinguish between the epidermis and the dermis

Epidermis is the outermost layer, which protects the internal structures of the body. Dermis is found below the epidermis. It contains blood vessels and nerve ends. The main difference between dermis and epidermis is the structure and function of each type of structure in the body.

The outer layer of skin is the _______________ layer. The inner layer is the ________________ layer. Which layer is the thickest? ___________________. What is the subcutaneous layer?

Epidermis, dermal, dermis, the connective tissue that attaches to underlying organs

List the Epithelial membranes (3) and give a brief description of each

Epithelial membranes are formed from epithelial tissue attached to a layer of connective tissue. There are three types of epithelial membranes: mucous, which contain glands; serous, which secrete fluid; and cutaneous which makes up the skin.

Explain what happens to epidermal cells as they undergo keratinization

Keratinocytes thicken and develop many desmosomes and begin to harden. As a result, many layers of tough, tightly packed dead cells accumulate in the epidermisforming stratum corneum.

Describe the function of melanocytes

Melanocytes are cells of neural crest origin. In the human epidermis, they form a close association with keratinocytes via their dendrites. Melanocytes are well known for their role in skin pigmentation, and their ability to produce and distribute melanin has been studied extensively.

Skin may be one of the most underestimated organs in the body. List six functions your skin performs while it is "just lying there"

Protection, regulate body temperature, reception of stimuli, excretion, synthesis of vitamin D, immunological function

What structures are included in the integumentary system?

Skin, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands

The dermis is composed of (connective/epithelial) tissue. Describe the dermis and the 2 major regions that the dermis consists of

The dermis is divided into two layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is the superficial layer, lying deep to the epidermis. The papillary dermis is composed of loose connective tissue that is highly vascular.

Distinguish between serous and mucous membranes

The serous membrane lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior. Mucous membrane lines a body cavity that does open to the exterior.

Explain the Importance of vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Vasoconstriction is important for minimizing acute blood loss in the event of hemorrhage as well as retaining body heat and regulating mean arterial pressure. Dilation, or opening of blood vessels, is termed vasodilation. Vasodilation occurs through relaxation of smooth muscle cells within vessel walls.

Explain how sweat glands help regulate body temperature

When internal temperature rises, the eccrine glands secrete water to the skin surface, where heat is removed by evaporation.