International Organization TLaw215
Liberal international relations theory includes two important subsets:
"interest-group liberalism" and "regime theory"
How many non-permanent members are there in the UN Security Council?
10
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is composed of:
15 independent judges, elected for their expertise.
3 Ontologies
Actor,Forum, Resource
Constructivism
An international relations theory concludes that states behave toward the world around them in ways that are shaped by their ideas about the world based on past interactions. Roots in social sciences "Socially constructed" History of interactions per state The past controls how a state acts Ex: UK=Ally, NK=Enemy; UK can have nukes, NK can't
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
An organization (such as the UN and its agencies) whose members are state governments.
United Nations
An organization of nearly all world states, created after WWII to promote collective security. International organization committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.
Regional IGOs
European Union, Association of South East. Other kind of IGO.
Liberalism
Focus on choice States act based on cost/benefit ratio
Which of the following is referred to as a predecessor to the World Trade Organization (WTO)?
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
Actor
Int'l legal personality (rights and obligations) Agency in autonomy (decision making ability, ability to set their own course)
International Organizations (IOs)
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) such as the UN and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) such as the International Comittee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Forum
Places, meetings, and conferences Exist to bring states together
According to the UN Charter, the use of force is:
Prohibited unless it is authorized by the Security Council or an act of self-defense.
Secretariat (UN)
Purpose: Carry out daily operations Membership: Secretary general (Ban Ki-moon), 5 yr term Functions: Administer Programs
Secretariat
Th UN's executive branch, led by the secretary-general The officials or office entrusted with administrative duties, maintaining records, and overseeing or performing secretarial duties, especially for an international organization.
UN Charter
The founding document of the United Nations; it is based on the principles that states are equal, have sovereignty over their own affairs, enjoy independence and territorial integrity, and must fulfill international obligations. The Charter also lays out the structure and methods of the UN.
General Assembly of UN
The main deliberative, policy-making and representative body Every state gets a voice, everyone is represented 1 vote per delegation, 2/3 vote to pass resolution Decisive power over UN expenditure budget
Marxism
Unequal power between poor and rich Power in UN based off power and wealth in nation
The headquarters of the World Bank are located in:
Washington, DC, USA.
World Bank
Works to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity by providing financial and technical assistance to developing countries
Which of the following is not one of the international economic institutions that were created soon after the end of World War II?
World Trade Organization (WTO).
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World Trade Organization. International organization that deals with the rules of trade between nations. The goal is to help producers, consumers, exporters, and importers conduct their business.
Which World Trade Organization (WTO) body first hears a trade dispute?
a WTO panel of three trade experts.
The decisions of the International Court of Justice (ICJ):
are legally binding only on the parties to the case and on with respect to the case in question.
The case study on the UN in Haiti:
illustrates that the UN's legal status and immunity protects it from being sued in local courts.
There are three pathways for a case to arrive at the International Criminal Court (ICC). They are:
referral by a state party, referral by the UN Security Council, and through the ICC Prosecutor's Office.
The regional organization that most clearly reflects the impact of the de-colonization movement and an emphasis on state sovereignty is:
the African Union (AU).
The source of obligations for UN member states is:
the UN Charter.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has jurisdiction over cases where:
there is a legal dispute between states that have consented to the jurisdiction of the Court.
The UN Secretary General heads which principal organ of the United Nations?
Secretariat
Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) work primarily through:
symbolic politics, information politics, leverage politics, and accountability politics.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) hears cases involving:
systematic attacks or large-scale programs of violence.
There are three particularly important obligations for members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). They are:
the idea of 'bound' tariffs, the rule of most-favored nation, and the rule of national treatment.
The purposes of the UN include:
the maintenance of international peace and security, and the development of friendly relations among nations.
The functions of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) include all of the following except:
to fund development projects.
The International Criminal Court (ICC):
was created by treaty and began its work in 2002.
General Assembly
where representatives of all states sit together in a huge room, listen to speeches, and pass resolutions. The General Assembly coordinates a variety of development programs and other autonomous agencies through the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
Ontology
A way of thinking about the nature of being what something is
When channels of access to the state and its domestic actors are blocked for local non-governmental organizations (NGOs), they may bypass the state and engage international organizations to put pressure on the state from outside. This strategy is called:
the 'boomerang' pattern of activism.
The smallest and least developed regional organization is:
the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
The European Union (EU) follows a 'co-decision' system, which means that:
the European Parliament must also approve decisions of the Council of the EU.
The regional organization with the strongest claim to being a truly supranational organization with autonomous legal authority is:
the European Union (EU).
The six principal 'organs' of the UN are:
the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice, the Security Council, the Secretariat, the Economic and Social Council, and the Trusteeship Council.
The regional organization that has suspended member states based on form of government is:
the Organization of American States (OAS).
The regional organizations generally do not have a subsidiary body similar to the UN's Security Council. The exception is:
the Peace and Security Council of the African Union (AU).
International Labor Conference
All member states Meets once a year to draft new labor standards, set the organization's budget and finances, admit new member states, and provide a general forum for the discussion of labor issues
Governing Body of ILO
56 of the delegates in ILC Meet more frequently than ILC Each delegation has 4 members: 2 from government, 1 from labor, 1 from employer groups
Organs of UN
6 of them 1. Security Council 2. General Assembly 3. Secretariat 4. ICJ 5. Economic and Social Council(ECOSOC) 6. Trusteeship Council (basically gone)
Security Council
A body of 5 great powers (which can veto resolutions) and ten rotating member states that make decisions about international peace and security including the dispatch of UN peacekeeping forces. US, Britain, Russia, France, China, and 10 non-permanent. Need all 5 + 4 non permanent
Transnational advocacy network (TAN)
A set of individuals and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) aiming to bring about social and political change ex: media, foundations & philanthropic organizations
Sovereignty
A state's right, at least in principle, to do whatever it wants within its own territory; traditionally, sovereignty in the most important international norm.
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
A transnational group or entity (such as the Catholic Church, Greenpeace, or the International Olympic Committee) that interacts with states, multinational corporations (MNCs), other NGOs, and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs).
European Union
An economic and political partnership between 27 European countries.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
An organization working to promote monetary (money) cooperation, secure financial stability, promote international trade, high employment, economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
UN Purpose
Is closest thing to a world Govt. w/out actually being one. The UN helps strengthen world order but is not designed to force states or conflicts towards anything but to provide a global institutional structure through which states can sometimes settle conflicts with less reliance.
Resource
Political ________ (how does it benefit a country)
Sanctions
Political interference in markets is most explicit when governments apply these against economic interactions of certain kinds or between certain actors. Political power then prohibits an economic exchange that would otherwise have been mutually beneficial.
Security council
Purpose: Maintain peace and security Functions and powers: Investigate/mediate disputes (with a binding decision) Apply political and econ. sanctions Take military action when necessary
Econ & Social council
Purpose: Promote higher standard of living and progress in this field Membership: 54 members (regional representation), 5 yr terms, 1 vote per nation Functions: Identifies solutions to int'l issues in this field Consults w/ academics, business sector reps, and many registered non-gov orgs
ICJ
Purpose: Settle disputes of int'l law (between states) Membership: 15 justices, elected by the GA and SC 9 year terms Functions/Powers: Settle legal disputes submitted by member states (in accordance to int'l law)
Trusteeship Council
Purpose: Supervise the administration of trust territories placed under the trustee system Membership: 5 permanent members
Realism
States are motivated by insecurities Focus on military dominance and preparation Two views: Imperial, Normative. For the realist theoretical approach, power is understood in terms of material, military resources such as tanks and bombs, and in the contribution of these to the power or security of a country.
Which principal organ of the UN has suspended its operations since 1994?
Trusteeship Council.
Tripartism is:
a feature of the ILO intended to enhance compliance by giving a formal role to non-governmental delegates from business groups and trade unions.
"Bound" tariff
agreed tariff tax rate broken down into very small sub categories
The International Criminal Court (ICC) generally will not proceed with a case if there is a domestic court case on the same matter. However, the ICC has the legal authority to override domestic courts when they have failed to make a genuine effort at investigation or prosecution in a case. This important principle is called:
complementarity.
States must consent to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). States can consent by:
explicitly referring a dispute to the Court, by agreeing in a treaty that the Court has jurisdiction over disputes regarding the treaty, or by a declaration accepting jurisdiction.
What issues are addressed in the eight International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions that are considered to be of fundamental importance?
forced labor, child labor, freedom of association and the right to organize, and the elimination of discrimination.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) has jurisdiction over a limited number of international crimes. They include:
genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.
The UN General Assembly:
has decisive power over the UN expenditure budget and the allocation of costs among member states.
The World Bank has a mandate to reduce poverty by lending the money of rich countries to poor countries for specific development projects, and by providing technical assistance. Its lending practices have been criticized for:
ideological demands, such as requiring 'structural adjustment' of borrowing countries' economies, and a lack of attention to corruption.
boomerang model
internal groups repressed by their own states can turn to TANs to put pressure on other states and those states then put pressure on the repressive state from the outside. in short, repression against internal groups can boomerang back and cause new external pressure on the repressive state
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has authority to:
issue binding decisions on the parties, issue advisory opinions, and order provisional measures.
The Organization of American States (OAS):
links 35 countries of North, South and Central America; is heavily influenced by the priorities of the United States; and has taken on a role in policing democratic governance.
The International Labour Organization (ILO) has responded to allegations that Myanmar (Burma) uses forced labour by:
negotiating with the government to improve its practices.
The difference between 'peacekeeping' and 'peace-enforcement' missions is:
peace-enforcement missions are coercive invasions of countries by a UN-authorized force, intent on eliminating or mitigating a threat to international peace and security; peacekeeping missions are negotiated between the UN and states and have the consent of the government in the state where they are operating.
State Sovereignty
states are the final authority over their territory and the people within it; they are not subject to any higher political or legal authority.
The European Union (EU) is bound by a principle that says it shall only act in matters outside its exclusive competence if member states are unable to do so themselves. This principle is called:
subsidiarity.