Interpersonal Communications Final

CMC Rules and Norms

"Nettiquette" governs what is considered acceptable and polite.

Relationship Dialectics

"Pushes and pulls" of relationships

Social Presence Theory

"the degree to which we as individuals perceive another as a real person and any interaction between the two of us as a relationship."

Which of William K. Rawlins' friendship characteristics is the one marked by issues of emotional connection? A. Affective B. Equality C. Mutual D. Personal E. Voluntary

A. Affective

Relationship Characteristics: Goals

Expectations of the relationship

Language Use

Formal: adheres to strict conventions of grammar Informal: more colloquial or common in tone; it contains simple, direct sentences; uses contractions and abbreviations, and allows for a more personal approach that includes emotional displays Jargon: specialized/technical language particular to a specific profession

Leader member exhange (LMX) relationships

High quality: "characterized by greater input in decisions, mutual support, informal influence, trust, and greater negotiating latitude." Low quality: "are characterized by less support, more formal supervision, little or no involvement in decisions, and less trust and attention from the leader."

Dialectical tension

How individuals deal with struggles in their relationship

Five Bases of Power: Legitimate Power

Individual believes they have a right to influence, and that the other party is obligated to accept based on their roles. Can be cultural (elderly influence) or structural (boss influence)

Relationship Characteristics: Support

Individuals that support you if you needed help, money, time, or advice.

Coming Together Process

Initiating, Experiementing, Intensifying, Integrating, Bonding

Reasons for attraction

Physical Proximity, Physical Attractiveness, Perceived Gain, Similarities/Differences, Disclosure

Relationship Characteristics: Duration

The length of any relationship

Deviant Friendship

Toxic friendship

Five Bases of Power: Informational Power

a social agent's ability to bring about a change in thought, feeling, and/or behavior through information

Postmodern Friendship

allows individuals to create their own friendship identities that may or may not be based on any sense of traditional gender identities.

Verbal Aggression

communication that attacks an individual's self-concept intending to create psychological pain

Perceived Gain

we will form relationships with people who can offer us rewards that outweigh the costs

Hurtful Messages

1. Evaluations: a negative assessment of the other individual that result in hurt. 2. Accusation: Accusations are an assignment of fault or blame. 3. Directives: involve an order or a command (ex. leave me alone, go to hell) 4. Informative Statements: hurtful messages that reveal unwanted information 5. Statement of Desire: expresses an individual's preference (ex. this person is a better friend that you) 6. Advising Statement: calls for a course of action such as "you need to get yourself some help." 7. Question: when asked, implies something negative. 8. Threats: indicate a desire to inflict harm 9. Jokes: involves a prank or witticism 10. Lies: deceptive speech acts

Friendship Styles: Independent, Discerning, and Aquisitive

1. Independent: often see their friendships based on specific circumstances in their lives and not necessarily by specific friends, more likely to talk about friends as a general concept instead of specific friends. 2. Discerning: marked by a deep connection with a friend or group of friends regardless of changing circumstances in their lives 3. Acquisitive: these individuals develop a strong, core group of friends as they go throughout their lives while acquiring new ones depending on changes within their lives.

Which of Mary Anne Fitzpatrick's marital types is marked by being highly interdependent, having conventional ideology, and having high levels of conflict engagement. A. Traditionals B. Independents C. Separates D. Temporals

A. Traditionals

Verbal aggression is defined as A. attacking the self-concept of others B. attacking the topic in an argument C. manipulating social relationships of others D. using one's power to intimidate others E. isolating the target of communication

A. attacking the self-concept of others

Family Communication Patterns: Socio-Orientation vs. Concept Orientation

1. Socio-oriented families tend to communicate a similarity of attitudes, beliefs, and values. Similarity and harmony are valued while conflict is avoided. 2. High concept-orientation families engage in open and frequent communication. Self-expression is encouraged when attempting to make family decisions.

5 Love Languages

1. Words of affirmation 2. Quality time 3. Acts of Service 4. Gifts 5. Touch

Family Life Cycle

1. Young Singles 2. Young couples (no children) 3. Full Nest One (Pre-School Children) 4. Full Nest Two (School aged children) 5. Full Nest Three (older children) 6. Empty Nest One (Still working, launched children) 7. Empty nest Two (Retired) 8. Solitary Survivor (Retired)

Alima is hanging out with her best friend at a local diner. She's chit-chatting with her best friend, but both of them are also constantly texting other people. What type of interaction is Alima having? A. co-present B. dual-processing C. effective D. communicatively competent E. rewarding

A. co-present

Friendship Characteristics

1. voluntary 2. personal relationships negotiated between two individuals 3. have a spirit of equality 4. mutual involvement 5. affective aspects (any experience of feeling or emotion)

Which of the following is not an effective statement when communicating about one's feelings? A. "If you flirt with one more person, I'm going to hurt myself, and it will be your fault." B. "I hate it when you flirt with other people." C. "I feel lonely when you flirt with other people because I need emotional safety." D. "You make me feel like a piece of trash when you flirt with other people."

A. "If you flirt with one more person, I'm going to hurt myself, and it will be your fault."

Joan is one of those people who has a lot of friendships. She has friends from when she was a young kid to friendships she developed this year. She just has a tendency of getting new friends and adding them to the list of friends she already has. Which of Sarah H. Matthews' friendship styles does Joan reflect? A. Acquisitive B. Affective C. Communal D. Discerning E. Independent

A. Acquisitive

Relational aggression is best defined as A. manipulating the social relationships of others B. attacking the self-concept of others C. attacking the topic in an argument D. using one's power to intimidate others E. isolating the target

A. manipulating the social relationships of others

What are the principles of behavior and communication that are appropriate and effective in workplace settings? A. professionalism B. communication competence C. communication intelligence D. etiquette E. formality

A. professionalism

Picking a seat in class near the person you'd like to get to know is an example of: A. offering B. approaching C. networking D. self-disclosing E. sustaining

B. approaching

The fact that we are likely to pick a mate with whom we frequently cross paths is due to which reason for forming relationships? A. appearance B. proximity C. similarity D. reciprocity E. differences

B. proximity

Aubrey loves to eat Asian food, but Gavin would rather just eat American food. The way the deal with their tensions is to say that they both love to eat food. The strategy they are most likely using is: A. denial B. recalibration C. integration D. balance E. reaffirmation

B. recalibration

Which form of secret test involves physical distance? A. endurance B. separation C. third party D. public presentation E. triangle test

B. separation

Relational Aggression

Behaviors that harm others, involves both confrontational (name calling, teasing) and non confrontational behavior (gossiping, spreading rumors)

Which of the following is not included in playful teasing? A. Parties are Friends B. Repeated occurrences of the same behavior C. Signs of affection D. Parties smile and laugh E. Parties are using teasing to broach difficult topics

B. Repeated occurrences of the same behavior

____________ friendships are marked by activity. A. Acquisitive B. Affective C. Agentic D. Communal E. Discerning

C. Agentic

A ___________ is a pictorial representation of a family across generations that can be used to track generations of family interactions, medical issues, psychological issues, relationship patterns, and any other variable a researcher or clinician may be interested in studying. A. Family life cycle B. Family system chart C. Genogram D. Genealogy tree

C. Genogram

Susan always looks at her coworker Polly as a kind of problem. Polly came from a very religious upbringing and didn't seem to fit in with the rest of the people who work at GenCorp. For example, when Susan and her coworkers go out to eat, Polly doesn't join them because her male colleagues will be there. Polly also doesn't have any sense of pop culture at all. At a meeting recently, someone mentioned Lady Gaga, and Polly asked if she was a member of British royalty. Although everyone had a good laugh and Polly played along, Susan could tell that Polly was completely unaware of why her question was funny. According to Janie Harden Fritz, Polly is an example of what kind of "problematic coworker" for Susan? A. The Adolescent B. The Mild Annoyance C. The Independent Other D. The Soap Opera Star E. The Pushy Playgirl

C. The Independent Other

Which of the following is NOT a way to take personal responsibility in the workplace? A. Acknowledge that you are responsible for your choices in the workplace. B. Acknowledge that you are responsible for how you feel at work. C. Accept that you can control your stress and feelings of burnout. D. Decide to take control of your attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors. E. Decide to let your supervisor determine the best path for your self-improvement.

E. Decide to let your supervisor determine the best path for your self-improvement.

Relational Definitions: Traditionals

Highly interdependent, have a conventional ideology, and high levels of conflict engagement. (They believe that a woman should take her husband's name, keep family plans when made, children should be brought up knowing their cultural heritage, and infidelity is never excusable) Greatest levels of satisfaction

Ethics

is the judgmental attachment to whether something is good, right, or just.

Relational Definitions: Separates

low interdependence, have a conventional ideology, and low levels of conflict engagement. Ultimately, these couples tend to focus more on maintaining their individual identity more than relational maintenance. Lowest level of satisfation

Media Richness Theory

media varies in richness depending on how much information is provided through the communication. (media escalates in richness in the following order: computer output, formal memos, personal memos, telephone, and FtF.)

Four categories of families

1. Consensual: high levels of socio and concept orientation (pressure for agreement between parents/kids) 2. Protective: high socio and low concept (emphasis of child obedience/family harmony) 3. Pluralistic: high concept, low socio (open communication/self expression) 4. Laissez-faire: low concept and socio (lack of child/parent interaction)

Secret Testing

1. Directness Test: involves asking the relational partner about his/her feelings toward the relationship and commitment to the relationship 2. Endurance Test: tested by engaging in actions that the partner might perceive to be a cost in the relationship. 3. Indirect Suggestions Test: involve joking or hinting about more serious stages of relationships such as marriage or having children 4. Presenting the Relationship to Outsider Test: gauge partner's response (ie introduce as boyfriend, see reaction) 5. Separation Test: Create distance to test the relationship 6. Third-Party Test: seek opinion from partners friends, family, etc. 7. Triangle Test: using 3rd person to get information about the relationship

Workplace Bullying Typology

1. Isolaltion/exclusion 2. Intimidation/threats 3. Verbal threats 4. Damaging professional identity 5. Limiting career opportunities 6. Obstructing Work 7. Denial of due process/natural justice

Which stage of friendship development is marked by four specific communication behaviors: (1) moves away from what is required in the specific role relationship, (2) fewer lines and less stereotyped interaction, (3) individual violations of public propriety, and (4) greater spontaneity? A. Friendly Relations B. Moves-Toward-Friendship C. Nascent Friendship D. Post-Friendship E. Waning Friendship

A. Friendly Relations

Your online identity

Can be anonymous, pseudonymous, or real life identity

Relationship Characteristics: Sharing

How likely we are to share information about ourselves

Relationship Characteristics: Contact Frequency

How often you communicate with the other person

Relational Definitions: Independents

high level of interdependence, have an unconventional ideology, and high levels of conflict engagement. The real difference is their unconventional values in what a marriage is and how it functions.

Social Information Processing Theory

overtime relationships formed in a CMC context can develop like those that are FtF. He does admit that these relationships will take more time to develop, but that they can reach the same end states as those relationships formed FtF.

Mapping Family Systems: Genogram

pictorial representation of a family across generations. Unlike a traditional family tree, a genogram is designed to detail family data and not just basic demographic information (biological sex, birth dates, death dates, etc.).

Personal Responbility

refers to an individual's willingness to be accountable for what they feel, think, and behave

Five Bases of Power: Reward Power

the ability to offer an individual rewards for complying with one's influencing attempts.

Five Bases of Power: Coercive Power

the ability to punish an individual who does not comply with one's influencing attempts

Co-Present Interactions

when people are physically occupying the same space while interacting with one another.

Types of Intimate Partner Violence

1. Physical Violence 2. Sexual Violence 3. Stalking 4. Psychological aggression

Stages of Friendship

1. Role delimited interaction (interact as students, shop owner/customer) 2. Friendly relations (friendlier interaction within roles) 3. Moves toward friendship (interact outside of roles, ex. go get coffee) 4. Nascent Friendship (developing norms for relationship) 5. Stabilized Friendship (norms are developed) 6. Waning Friendship 7. Post Friendship

Stages of LMX relationships

1. Stranger: "cashe and carry" relationship; leader helps the follower and gets something immediately in return 2. Acquaintance Stage: Leaders and followers may begin to share greater information and resources, on both a personal and work level. 3. Partner Stage: stage where a follower stops being perceived as a follower and starts being perceived as an equal or colleague.

Problem Co-workers

Adolescent, Bully, Mild Annoyance, Independent Self-Promoter, Pushy playboy, Independent other, Soap opera star, abrasive/incompetent harasser

During a meeting, Baraba says, "I will not be joining the rest of the group this weekend at the trade show due to a pre-arranged meeting I have had on my schedule for a few months." The use of the words "will not" and "I have" instead of their contraction forms are examples of what type of language use? A. Common B. Formal C. Informal D. Jargon E. Peripheral

B. Formal

Dae-Jae is a computer designer in Korea. He works for a large multinational automobile company in the training department. He's been tasked with creating a new virtual training program for salespeople around the world. One of his biggest concerns is ensuring that the game he designs for this training is able to immerse people in a realistic environment as possible. Dae-Jae really wants learners to feel like they are interacting with a real customer. Which theory of mediated communication best describes what Dae-Jae is concerned with? A. media richness theory B. social presence theory C. medium is the message D. social information processing theory E. uses and gratifications theory

B. social presence theory

Which of the following represents a nonviolent communicative message? A. silence B. placating C. playing games D. aggressive behavior E. violence

C. playing games

After 20 years of marriage, Chad and Autumn are bored in their relationship. They know what the other person will do and say every day. This dialectical tension is: A. integration-separation B. expression -privacy C. stability-change D. altruistic-selfishness E. complementary-symmetrical

C. stability-change

Communal vs. Agentic Friendships

Communal: intimacy, personal/emotional expressiveness, confiding, supportiveness Agentic: activity centered Women are more likely to develop communal relationships

Mediated communication

Communication using technologies (not face to face), such as skype, facetime, et.

In which stage of David Weaver and Laura Lawton's Family Life Cycle are adolescents "launched?" A. Full nest two B. Full nest three C. Empty test one D. Empty test two

D. Empty test two

Concept-orientation is characterized by all of the following except_____. A. Self-expression B. Open communication between parent and child C. Frequent communication between parent and child D. Harmony

D. Harmony

At work, Stella has an inherent need to be seen as her supervisor's peer and not as an underling. Stella does support her supervisor, but she has no problem confronting her supervisor when Stella thinks her supervisor is making a bad decision. According to Ira Chaleff, what type of follower is Stella? A. Avoider B. Implementer C. Individualist D. Partner E. Resource

D. Partner

A _________________ friendship is one where participants co-construct the individual and dyadic realities within specific friendships. A. Affective B. Agentic C. Independent D. Postmodern E. Relational

D. Postmodern

Socio-orientation is characterized by all of the following except _____. A. Harmony B. Similarity of values C. Relatively little communication D. Self-expression

D. Self-expression

Problem of "You" statements

Denies responsibility, places blame

Hodoya is a Canadian union leader. She's currently involved in negotiations with a large uranium production company. Hodoya sees her job as the lead negotiator to get the best possible deal for her union members. As such, she goes into negotiations with a win-lose orientation. What type of conflict management strategies will Hodoya employ? A. avoidance B. distributive C. competitive D. collaborative E. integrative

D. collaborative

Anna, who is counselor at a women's crisis center, says the reason she most often hears from battered wives for returning to their husbands is, "I don't have any other place to go." Which explanation of why people perform relationships best predicts this relationship? A. disclosure thesis that suggests we are attracted to those who use disclosure appropriately B. the reward thesis that suggests we are attracted to people we believe are can give us rewards C. the similarity thesis that suggests we like people whom we perceive are like us D. exchange theory that suggests we form relationships through assessment of potential rewards and costs E. the reciprocity thesis that suggests being liked by others is a strong source of attraction

D. exchange theory that suggests we form relationships through assessment of potential rewards and costs

Viivi is a Norwegian language instructor. As she teaches about Norwegian, she also peppers in a variety of culture factors into her teachings. One of her students, Jim, really wants to spend a summer abroad in Norway, so Jim listens attentively to everything Viivi has to offer. Because of Viivi's knowledge of Norway, Jim hangs on every word. What type of power best represents Viivi's? A. coercive B. reward C. legitimate D. expert E. referent

D. expert

Jonathan loves to debate a wide range of ideas. In fact, he has no problems arguing for or against something just to engage in a healthy debate with another person. Which personality trait does Jonathan exhibit? A. need for cognition B. argumentativeness proneness C. conflict avoidance D. high tolerance for disagreement

D. high tolerance for disagreement

Coming Apart Process

Differentiating, Circumscribing, Stagnating, Avoiding, Terminating

Which of the following is not a form of workplace bullying? A. Damaging professional standing B. Limiting the ability to complete work C. Obstructing due process D. Verbal threats E. Providing counseling through human resources upon reports of bullying

E. Providing counseling through human resources upon reports of bullying

Joan has a problematic subordinate named Dez. Dez is always coming in late, having other people do his work and taking credit for it, and taking extra-long lunch breaks. Dez just seems to think that he is above the rules and norms in Joan's organization. What type of problematic subordinate does Joan have? A. abrasive B. bully C. different other D. incompetent renegade E. incompetent subordinate

E. incompetent subordinate

In an attempt to make herself look good in the organization, Agotha tends to hoard information. If something important comes across her desk, she tends to keep it instead of giving it to the people who could use the information. What type of unethical organizational communication is Agotha engaging in, according to W. Charles Redding? A. coercive B. destructive C. deceptive D. intrusive E. secretive

E. secretive

As her union chapter's local union representative, Darlene is crafting an email message that will be sent to her CEO describing some of the concerns the union is having. What type of communication does this represent? A. downward B. horizontal C. informal D. lateral E. upward

E. upward

Relationship Characteristics: Interaction variability

the different types of conversations you can have with that person

Fives Bases of Power: Expert Power

the power we give an individual to influence us because of their perceived knowledge.