Into to Counseling Study Guide

Negative

"Cognitive triad" refers to the ______________ view that individuals have about themselves, their world, and their future.​

​gestalt therapy.

"Living in concernful contact with society" is a goal of​

The empty chair

A frequently researched gestalt technique is​

Being responsive and responsible when relating to others

A major focus of the relational cultural model of feminist therapy is​

Complementary

A relationship in which a husband maintains a dominant position and a wife maintains a submissive position would be called, according to MRI brief family therapy​

Gestalt therapist

A therapist who says to a client, "Be aware of your right hand gripping the arm of the chair" is speaking in a way most similar to a(an)​

Cost-benefit analysis

Aaron Beck describes a technique called "listing advantages and disadvantages." This is similar to a method which Albert Ellis refers to as​

The ethic of care

According to Carol Gilligan, views of morality should focus on​

doing, thinking, feeling, and physiology.

According to Glasser, "total behavior" is made up of​

Basic need

According to Glasser, if an individual desires fun in her life, this is an expression of a(an)​

Doing and thinking

According to Glasser, the key to behavior change is to choose to change​

In early childhood

According to cognitive therapy, maladaptive schemas are developed​

Perceptions of reality that disturb people

According to constructivist philosophers, it is​

Stigmatized

According to feminist therapy, labels such as border line disorder can cause patients to be​

demystifying

According to feminist therapy, the following is NOT one of several multiple identities.​

Postmodern thinking

According to feminist therapy, which of these approaches is most likely to help therapists avoid the pitfalls of gender stereotyping?

Explosive

According to gestalt therapists, to be fully alive, one must be able to experience this layer of neurosis​

Choosing to anxietize

According to reality therapy, if Bob worries throughout the day about what to do next, he is​

Being a subordinate group in society

According to the relational cultural model of feminist therapy, women have emphasized emotion in their relationships due to​

Shame

An issue in psychoanalytic therapy which gestalt therapists also find an important issue for many clients is​

Substance abuse

Anticipatory, relief-oriented, and permissive are beliefs that cognitive therapists associate with​

cognitive therapy

Asking a client to randomly record thoughts is an assessment approach used in​

Solution-focused therapy

Asking a patient, "Imagine when you go to sleep tonight and a miracle happens and your problem​

Solution-focused therapy

Asking a patient, "When did the problem NOT occur" is a technique used in​

Solution-focused therapist

Asking if a miracle occurred and the problems you have been telling me about were solved, what would be different?" is a question asked by a (an)​

Help individuals become more powerful (529)

Assertiveness training is used in feminist therapy in order to​

Structural therapy

Attention to family boundaries is most important to​

Marital schism

Because Brenda and Boris, a married couple with two children, are so angry with each other, they criticize and demean each other. Which phrase describes their marital discord?​

. ​awareness of sensations and actions

Being aware of what one hears would be an example of this type of awareness.​

Feelings from thoughts

Bowen's concept of "differentiation of self" refers to the individual's ability to separate​

Reattribution

Client: If I had behaved better as a child, my mother wouldn't have become an alcoholic.​ Therapist: Your mother was responsible for her drinking, not you. The therapist is using a cognitive technique called​

​gestalt therapist

Client: Sometimes I could just wring her neck. Therapist: Pretend she's here. Extend your hands and wring her neck now.

Early childhood experiences

Cognitive schemas arise from​

Educational

Conciousnist raising groups, developed in the 1970s served primarily a (an) _______ function..​

necessary for satisfactory psychological functioning.

Contact boundary disturbances are

​necessary for satisfactory psychological functioning.

Contact boundary disturbances are​

George Kelly

Dichotomous constructs, such as "sad-happy," are associated with the work of​

Projection

Ella is afraid of looking for a job, she blames her mothers timidity for her lack of employment. Ella's contact boundary disturbance can be classified as​

Narrative therapy

Encouraging the development of positive unique outcomes is an approach associated with​

Cognitive group therapists

Exploring clients' negative belief system would be a method most likely used by​

Family therapy done with a small system

Family systems therapists view marriage counseling as​

Behavior therapy

Family therapy that asks that the parent's first establish a baseline of the child's behavior is called​

Unfinished business

Feelings from the past that have not been expressed, but are dealt with in the present are referred to as __________ in gestalt therapy.​

Be helpless and please others

Feminist therapists believe that the reason that women are twice as likely to be depressed than men is that women are taught to​

Assigns control to the individual without examining society's role

Feminist therapists have criticized reality therapy because it​

assigns control to the individual without examining society's role

Feminist therapists have criticized reality therapy because it​

Men may be more frequently listened to than woman

Feminist therapists often prefer to lead women only groups because​

Men, children, women

Feminist therapy can be applied to​

Focus mainly on individual's ability to change rather than that the need for society to change

Feminist therapy tends to be critical of all other theories of psychotherapy because they​

that psychopharmacotherapy combined with cognitive therapy was most effective.

Findings from the of Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study suggested that​

Visual images

For Glasser a person's perceptions are mainly​

The therapeutic relationship

For feminist relational-cultural therapists, the key to useful therapy is​

become more powerful.

For women, gestalt therapy can help them

Become more powerful

For women, gestalt therapy can help them​

Decisions about work

For women, motherhood may bring about changes in ____________ as well as biological changes.​

Hot seat

Fritz Perls is known for group therapy which used the​

Puts limits on the way individuals view others

From a feminist perspective, a strong gender or cultural schema​

Negative feedback

From a systems perspective, when Paula settles a dispute between her two sons, she is providing

Adolescence

Gender-role pressures tend to be greatest in​

No objective scoring methods

George Kelly's Reptest, designed to measure constructs that are important to people, has​

Strong-weak

George Kelly's constructivist theory of personality is based on constructs such as​

​critical of the loose way that gestalt therapy has applied its principles

Gestalt psychologists have been​

​asking the patient to play different roles of people and objects in the dream.

Gestalt therapists are most likely to approach dream interpretation by​

Behavior that changes during therapy

Gestalt therapists view depression as​

Creativity

Glasser views crazy behavior as​

Cognitive therapy

Guided discovery is a technique that is most likely to be used in​

catastrophisizing

Harriet is worried about this exam. She says, "If I don't do well, I'll die." This is an example of one of these cognitive distortions.​

Cognitive therapy

Having a structured approach to a therapy session is most likely to be a part of​

Rational emotive behavior therapy

Helping family members see how they disturb themselves and the family through their irrational beliefs is characteristic of this family approach​

Mind-reading

Hilda thinks that other people think that she is fat and boring. Hilda is using this cognitive distortion.​

​"You are choosing to be angry at your girlfriend because you saw her talking to someone else."

If Jack says "I am so angry, because I saw my girlfriend talking to Sam," a reply most consistent with reality therapy would be​

Feminists

If Larry is being stalked by his ex-girlfriend, which one of these therapists is most likely to suggest he get advice from the police or lawyers?​

​understand how his problems at work effected his drinking.

If Norman has continued to drink alcohol heavily, altering his plans to do other things, the reality therapist is most likely to​

Feminist therapy

If a client has been injured by someone else, which of these therapies is most likely to give legal information to the client?​

Externalizing the problem

If a therapist says: "Why do you think Bulimia is trying to physically hurt you?", the narrative therapist is using this technique.​

Figure

If you look at your hand, according to gestalt psychologists, your hand would be considered the​

Straightforward task

In Haley's strategic therapy, if a mother and daughter are not getting along, a therapist might ask them to work on a task, such as planning a vacation together. This is called a​

What clients really want

In assessing client behaviors, reality therapists attend to​

First

In brief family systems therapy, temporary change is called __________ order change.​

Individuals assume to be about themselves and their world

In cognitive therapy, early maladaptive schemas are schemas that​

Cognitive shift

In cognitive therapy, ignoring positive information that is relevant to oneself in favor of negative information is known as a​

Automatic thoughts

In cognitive therapy, to ask a client to record negative thoughts is to ask her to be more specific about​

Explore the reinforcements and punishments involved in this belief

In dealing with the gender-role generalization "women do more poorly in math" than men, cognitive-behavioral feminist therapists would​

Awareness

In exploring wants, which of these would a reality therapist be LEAST likely to explore?​

Siblings

In family systems therapy, Bowen was interested in the positions of _________ within the family.​

Schizophrenia

In family systems therapy, psychoeducational approaches are often used with families who have members with this disorder:

Cultural analysis

In feminist therapy understanding the culture of a Japanese woman would be referred to as​

Underdog

In gestalt therapy, a person's weak or passive side is known as the​

Discussing the significance of awareness

In gestalt therapy, awareness is commonly dealt with in all but one of these ways​

​encourage integration of parts of the self.

In gestalt therapy, the purpose of the two chair technique is to​

Questioning the goal of thinness

In helping an individual with an eating disorder, feminist therapists, more so than those with other theoretical orientations, are likely to​

The client's problems

In narrative therapy the therapist may choose to attack​

Support for client's stories

In narrative therapy, leagues can serve the purpose of providing​

Summarize the session and externalize the problem

In narrative therapy, letters written by therapists to clients​

Follow plans that spell out specific behaviors

In reality therapy, in order to achieve therapeutic goals, it is important for the client to​

Plans

In reality therapy, the reality therapist helps the client to commit to and make​

Build a relationship with the client

In reality therapy, the therapist must first​

Competence

In relational cultural therapy (feminist therapy), relational cultural therapists recognize the many cultural differences that individuals experience and help their clients develop relational​

Exception-seeking question

In solution-focused therapy, asking "When did the problem NOT occur?", is referred to as

Complimenting

In solution-focused therapy, clients can feel more encouraged and positive about change by the therapist's​

Concrete

In solution-focused therapy, it is important that goals be​

A coping question

In solution-focused therapy, saying to a client, "How did you figure out that you wanted to be a different kind of friend than Fred. How did you learn that?" would be an example of​

scaling

In solution-focused therapy, this question: "Rating how you feel today from one to ten, where are you now?", is called​

Reframing

In structural family therapy, Minuchin used this technique to help family members see a problem as a family problem rather than a problem of the identified patient.​

Patterns of relating in the family

In structural therapy , Minuchin uses family mapping to examine​

Piaget's study of children's intellectual development​

In the development of cognitive therapy, Beck was influenced most by​

Use of language and labels

In the process of evaluating whether or not to adopt a theory of therapy, a feminist therapist would focus on __________, while other therapists would be less likely to do so.​

Become more powerful

In working with female clients, reality therapists can help them​

Underlying causes of sexuality

In working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered clients, feminist therapists are LEAST likely to focus on​

Reality therapy

James makes a commitment to do math homework by signing a written contact with a therapist. This method fits best with​

Envy of men's power

Karen Horney believed that the motivating force for women was​

Provide support for

Leagues are used in narrative therapy because they ____________ client stories.​

Narrative therapists

Listening for the theme of a story is an approach typical of​

Haley

MRI brief therapy is most similar to the approach of​

Are inhibited

Many therapists believe that gestalt therapy is particularly suitable for individuals who​

Exceptional way of communicating and understanding

Milton Erickson is considered to be a constructivist because of his​

Patients

Milton Erickson, who influenced the development of solution-focused and narrative therapies, had an extraordinary way of viewing

Meditative techniques

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy uses cognitive techniques and​

discovery, accommodation, and assimilation

Miriam Polster describes three stages of gestalt psychotherapy.​

Focus on alleviating symptoms

NOT a feminist therapy demystifying strategy?​

Adjustment to social pressures

NOT a goal of feminist therapy?​

Ground

On this piece of paper, the portion of the paper that is white would be referred to, in gestalt psychology, as the​

Figure

On this piece of paper, the printed words would be referred to, in gestalt psychology, as the​

Marital skew

Ona's mother's severe manic depressive episodes creates a condition within the family that is called​

its use with individuals with personality disorders

Schema-focused cognitive therapy differs from Beck's cognitive therapy because schema focused therapy emphasizes​

Parents in writing

Selvini-Palazzoli, one of the Milan Associates group, usually gives an invariant prescription to​

Adlerian

Teaching parents how to deal with difficulties with their children would be an example of which type of family therapy?​

Narrative therapy

Testimony therapy, an African-centered therapy, is most similar to

Cognitive therapy

Testing beliefs in group therapy is associated with​

cognitive therapy

The Dysfunctional Thought Record is an assessment method used in​

Long brief therapy

The Milan Associates meet once a month for about 10 months with a family for family therapy. This is called​

How do each of you view Penny's irritability

The Milan Associates use a technique called circular questioning. Which of these is a circular question?​

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The cognitive schema of hypervigilance is most frequently associated with this disorder.​

Psychoanalytic

The first theoretical approach to treating families in distress was​

meet needs for belonging, power, freedom, and fun, as well as physiological needs.

The general goal of reality therapy is to help clients​

Motivation

The goal of assessment in solution-focused therapy is to attend to the client's​

all-or-nothing thinking

The psychoanalytic term "splitting" is most similar to the cognitive term-​

Psychoanalysis

The theory of psychotherapy that has received the most criticism from feminist therapists has been​

Employ a safety index

To assure that gestalt groups are not harmful, gestalt therapists may​

​pseudomutuality

To avoid his parent's wrath, Otto behaves nicely, but avoids his parents whenever possible. This is known as​

Paradoxical task

To relabel anger as love is the first step in presenting __________ in strategic family systems therapy

Cognitive therapy

To remove biases in thinking is the goal of​

Healthiest family member

To work on a family problem, Bowen preferred to work with the​

Behavior therapists

Training parents to change how a child acts in various situations is done by​

Psychoanalytic thinking

Understanding the influence of gender on unconscious processes is a goal of feminist​

Solution-focused therapy

Use of the scaling technique is associated with which of the following therapies?​

Narrative therapists

Using letters from successful clients is a technique used by​

Integrative

Using more than one family systems approach to therapy is called​

Narrative therapists

Viewing the client as a protagonist is common to psychodrama and

Satir

Warmth and caring are particularly notable in this family systems theorist.​

Phony

When a sales clerk says " Have a nice day." Her comment could be classified, according to Perls, as giving an example of this level of neurosis:​

Narrative therapist

When a therapist listens for problem-saturated stories, the therapist is likely to be a

Deflection

When asked how he was getting along with his new boss, Frank gave a long dissertation on what it was like to work for his company, never really answering the question. Frank's contact boundary disturbance can be described as​

Projection

When family members inadvertently put stress on another family member, this is seen as the family ________ process in Bowenian therapy.​

Others

When people choose to depress, they then, according to reality therapy, gain control over​

Confluence

When twins do not distinguish between the thoughts of one another, their contact boundary disturbance could best be described as​

Enactment

When working with dreams, gestalt therapists are most likely to use dream _________ with their clients.​

Haley

Which family systems therapists used straightforward tasks in his therapeutic approach?​

bring the unconscious into conscious awareness

Which is NOT a goal of gestalt therapy?​

Reality

Which is NOT one of Glasser's five basic needs

Why did you act this way?

Which is NOT one of the three questions used in the cognitive therapy three question technique?​

Persuading clients to change gender role messages

Which of the following is NOT a step in gender-role analysis?​

Countertransference

Which of the following is NOT an important construct in personal construct therapy?​

Bowen

Which of the following theorists is most likely to use a genogram in family therapy?​

Social action

Which of the following therapy goals is unique to feminist therapy?​

Punishment

Which of these is not a reality therapy technique?​

Field Theory

Which of these psychological theories influenced the development of gestalt therapy?​

Feminist therapy

Which of these theories is the least well developed theory of psychotherapy?​

Narrative therapy

Which of these theories most clearly examines problems from the client's point of view?​

Minuchin

Which of these therapists is most likely to rearrange the seating of family members?​

Reality

Which type of therapist would ask this question:"Are you breaking the rules?"​

Minuchin

Who, of the following, is a family systems theorist?​

Emotional cutoff

Wynne's concept of pseudomutuality is most similar to Bowen's concept of​

Joseph Wolpe

theorists did NOT emphasize the importance of beliefs​

Parry

​Carrie: 12. Responsible and clear about goals and responsibilities. Harry: 11. Quiet, but makes good judgments. Parry: 11. Often confused, changes her mind a lot. When Barry and Larry are arguing, who are they most likely to bring into the discussi

Wilhelm Reich

​Emphasis on the body is important in gestalt therapy. Fritz Perls was influenced by __________ in his focus on the body in psychotherapy