Intro- Nutrition

Nutrition

The sum of processes involved in taking in nutrients and absorbing and using them.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with client who is lactose intolerant. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "You should increase the fiber in your diet." B. "You should increase the calories in your diet." C. "You should decrease the dairy products in your diet." D. "You should decrease the amount of vitamin D in your diet."

"You should decrease the dairy products in your diet."

A nurse is calculating a client's fluid intake over the past 8 hr. The client had one 8 oz cup of coffee, 3 oz of juice, and 12 oz of soda. The client's water pitcher had 800 mL and 200 mL remain. The client also had IV fluids infusing at 40 mL/hr via an IV pump. How many mL should the nurse document as the client's total intake for the shift?

1610 mL

A nurse is calculating a client's intake and output for an 8 hr shift. The clients intake included 1000 mL 0.9% sodium chloride IV solution, one 6-oz cup of coffee, 6 oz of water, one 180-ML bowl of soup, 3 oz flavored gelatin, and 3 oz of ice cream. How many mL should the nurse document as the client's total intake for the shift?

1720 mL

A nurse is preparing to administer amoxicillin 320 mg PO every 12 hr to an infant. The amount available is amoxicillin suspension 400 mg/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose?

4 mL

A patient has finished a 16 oz container of orange juice. The intake and output sheet documents fluid in millimeters. Which of the following should the nurse document as intake?

480 mL

A nurse is conducting a nutritional assessment on a client who weights 165 lb. RDA recommendation for protein is 0.8 g/kg. How many grams of protein should the nurse recommend to the cleint to consume per day?

60 g

A nurse is caring for a newborn who is formula fed. The newborn takes 0.5 oz of formula at 0800, 1 oz at 1100, 0.5 oz at 1300, 0.5 oz at 1600, and 0.5 oz at 1830. How many mL of formula should the nurse record as the client's intake for the shift?

90 mL 3 x 30 = 90

Cholesterol

A component of fat. Linked to heart disease and hardening of the arteries. Only found in animal products and oils such as palm and coconut.

Water intake

A general rule is that the patient should take in an amount equal to the recorded fluid output plus 500 mL.

A nurse is assisting with the development of strategies to prevent food borne illnesses for a community group. The nurse should plan to include which of the following recommendations? (Select all that apply) A. Avoid unpasteurized dairy products B. Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4*C (40*F) C. Discard leftovers after 48 hr D. Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water E. Keep cooked foods at 48.9*C (120*F)

A- Avoid unpasteurized dairy products B- Keep cold food temperatures below 4.4*C (40*F) D- Wash raw vegetables thoroughly in clean water

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a cleint who has cancer about foods that prevent protein-energy malnutrition. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Cottage cheese B. Milkshake C. Tuna fish C. Strawberries and bananas D. Egg and ham omelet

A- Cottage Cheese B- Milkshake C- Tuna fish D- Egg and ham omelet

A nurse is collecting data from a client who has diabetes and is overweight. The client tells the nurse that she wants to start and exercise program. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Determine the clients usual pattern of activity. B. Assist the client to develop a healthy eating plan. C. Encourage the client to join a support group. D. Provide the client with a list of signs and symptoms to report to the provider.

A- Determine the client's usual pattern of activity.

Which food group makes up half the USDA MyPlate? A. Fruits and vegetables B. Protein C. Grains D. Dairy

A- Fruits and vegetables

A starvation condition common in children after weaning is known as: A. Kwashiorkor B. Malnutrition C. Hashimoto's D. Hypothyroidism

A- Kwashiorkor

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the mother of a 14-month-old child about safe food choices. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend? A. Mashed potatoes B. Raw carrots C. Popcorn D. Watermelon with seeds

A- Mashed potatoes

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative immediately following a tonsillectomy. Which of the following snacks should the nurse offer the client? A. Orange ice pop B. Hot tea C. Ice cream D. Cranberry juice

A- Orange ice pop

Your pt is on a clear liquid diet, post surgery. What food is not appropriate? A. Pasta B. Chicken Broth C. Bouillon D. Popsicles

A- Pasta

Common medical condition present when pt suffers from bulimia: A. Peptic Ulcer B. Enlarged liver C. Absent bowel sounds D. Frequent urination

A- Peptic ulcer

Which of the following are appropriate choices for a patient prescribed a full liquid diet? (select all that apply) A. Plain Yogurt B. Custard C. Ice cream D. Mashed potatoes E. Pureed meat F. Gelatin

A- Plain yogurt B- Custard C- Ice cream F- Gelatin

A nurse is assisting with the development of an education program about nutritional risk among adolescents to a group of parents of adolescents. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Skipping more than three meals per week B. Eating fast food once weekly C. Hearty appetite D. Eating without family supervision frequently E. Frequently skipping breakfast

A- Skipping more than meals per week D- Eating without family supervision frequently E- Frequently skipping breakfast

You are feeding an ill pt. You see "Propass" on his tray. What should you do? A. Start with this food. High priority for the pt. B. It's just one more item on the tray. No big deal C. I'll get to it after i fed him toast and jam. D. It's such a tiny amount, it can't be that important

A- Start with this food. High priority for the pt.

A patient has had a hysterectomy. She needs to increase her protein and vitamin C intake to promote healing. Which foods would be best to include in her diet? A. Steak B. Carrots C. Tomatoes D. Eggs E. Muffins

A- Steak C=Tomatoes D- Eggs

Your pt's BMI is 17.0. Is she underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese? A. Underweight B. Normal weight C. Overweight D. Obese

A- Underweight

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of older adults about sources of complete and incomplete protein. Which of the following foods should the nurse include as a complete protein? A. Yogurt B. Fresh vegetables C. Nuts D. Dried beans

A- Yogurt

A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching with a client about low-fat food choices. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best choice when including potatoes in her diet? A. Mashed potatoes 1/2 cup B. Ten french fries C. Potato Salad 1/2 cup D. Homemade hash browns 1/2 cup

A-Mashed potatoes 1/2 cup

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with the parents of a toddler who follows a vegetarian diet about food choices that increase dietary protein intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best choice for including protein in the toddler's diet? A. Soy milk B. Peanut Butter C. Dried Beans D. Whole Grains

A-Soy milk

Water requirement for adults

Approximately 1 mL/calorie of intake (or 35 mL/kg in adults, 30 mL/kg in older adults)

A patient with diabetes asks if a slice of cake can be added to the meal for dessert. The best response by the nurse would be: A. "Diabetic patients should not eat cake." B. "Yes, but you must omit other carbohydrates of equal value from the meal." C. "You will have to check with your primary care provider." D. "Yes, but don't do this too often."

B- "Yes, but you must omit other carbohydrates of equal value from the meal." Sweets can be consumed by a person with diabetes, but moderation is the key, since carb value of foods must be understood and consistent in the diet to avoid hyperglycemia. It is advised that sweets be limited because they are usually limited in protein and other nutrients.

A nurse is reinforcing nutritional teaching with a client who is at 8 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? A. "You should limit your iron intake during the first trimester." B. "You should increase your folic acid intake during your pregnancy." C. " You should stop taking your prenatal vitamin if you experience nausea." D. "You should increase your daily calorie intake by 750 calories."

B- "You should increase your folic acid intake during your pregnancy."

A nurse is assisting with the development of an education program for a community group about the intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of Vitamin C? A. 1/2 cup of green peppers B. 1 medium orange C. 1/2 cup cabbage D. 1 medium tomato

B- 1 medium orange

A patient who weighs 185 lb is placed on a 2200-calorie diet. How many grams of protein should the diet contain to meet the maximum recomended daily requirement of this nutrient? A. 56 g B. 67 g C. 75 g D. 82 g

B- 67 g Weight in pounds divided by 2.2 x 0.8= grams of protein required by a healthy adult. 185 divided by 2.2= 84.09; 84.09 x 0.8 = 67.27 or 67 g

A 70 yr old stroke patient needs assistance with feedings and begins coughing when drinking water. What should the nurse do first? A. Advise the dietitian to change the patients diet to thickened liquids. B. Assess whether the patient's airway is clear and any water was aspirated. C. Check the patient's gag reflex and consult with speech and language therapist for diet change. D. Position patient in an upright position and administer the Heimlich maneuver.

B- Assess whether the patient's airway is clear and any water was aspirated. Breathing and airway status is the top priority along with recognizing the risk of aspiration.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has iron deficiency anemia. Which of the following foods should the nurse indicate as a good source of iron? A. White bread B. Eggs C. Citrus Fruit D. Chocolate

B- Eggs

Vitamins absorbed in the small bowel are known as: A. Water-soluble B. Fat soluble C. Carotenoids D. Antioxidants

B- Fat Soluble

When performing patient education about a clear liquid diet, what would the nurse instruct the patient to include in the meal plan? (select all that apply) A. Milk B. Ginger ale C. Chicken broth D. Gelatin E. Popsicles

B- Ginger ale D- Gelatin E- Popsicles A clear liquid diet must consist of items that are see through when in a liquid state. Popsicles are considered clear liquid as long as they are made from clear juice.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about diets that help with wound healing. Which of the following foods should the nurse indicate contains the best source of protein? A. Kidney bean B. Grilled Salmon C. Peanut Butter D. Raw Spinach

B- Grilled salmon

Which is "good" cholesterol? A. VLDL B. HDL C. Triglycerides D. LDL

B- HDL

A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client about following a low-purine diet to manage gout. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions? A. "I'll limit the number of fruit servings I eat each day." B. "I'll eliminate liver from my diet." C. "I'll drink white wine, not red." D. "I'll choose red meat instead of poultry."

B- I'll eliminate liver from my diet

The major component necessary for metabolism of carbohydrates is (are): A. Pancreatic enzymes B. Insulin secreted by the pancreas C. Bile secreted by the liver D. Mucus secreted from the duodenum

B- Insulin secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is needed for the metabolism of carbohydrate.

Nutritional therapy for which condition includes decreased protein? A. Peptic ulcer B. Kidney failure C. Dumping syndrome D. Celiac disease

B- Kidney failure

The body's use of protein and muscle breakdown to combat starvation: A. Kwashiorkor B. Marasmus C. Hypothyroidism D. Metabolism

B- Marasmus

A BMI above 30 is characterized as: A. Underweight B. Obese C. Overweight D. Hopeless

B- Obese

The major nutrient involved in fluid balance is: A. Fat B. Protein C. Niacin D. Carbohydrates

B- Protein Protein plays a role in fluid balance by helping regulate oncotic pressure and preventing loss of fluid.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has cholecystitis about required dietary modifications. Which of the following food choices should the nurse inform the client to include in his diet? A. Blueberry muffin B. Roast turkey C. Ice cream D. Macaroni and cheese

B- Roast turkey

A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving chemotherapy and is showing manifestations of malnutrition. Which of the following indicates a Vitamin C deficiency? A. Dry, red conjunctiva B. Swollen, bleeding gums C. Inflammation of the tongue D Pale, brittle nails

B- Swollen, bleeding gums

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of clients about nutritional requirements during lactation. Which of the following nutrients should the nurse instruct the clients to increase? A. Sodium B. Zinc C. Folic acid D. Iron

B-Zinc

The food source that provides the most saturated fatty acids is: A. Cholesterol B. Diary products C. Animal food sources D. Grains

C- Animal food sources

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about following a low-cholesterol diet after coronary artery bypass grafting. Which of the following food choices reflects the client's understanding of these dietary restrictions? A. Liver B. Milk C. Beans D. Eggs

C- Beans

A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery and is progressing from a clear liquid diet to a full liquid diet. The nurse should remind the client that which of the following items is included in a full liquid diet? A. Cream peas B. Cottage cheese C. Chocolate pudding D. Applesauce

C- Chocolate pudding

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. The surgeon initially prescribes a clear liquid diet. Which of the following items should the nurse include on the client's lunch tray? A. Lemon sherbet B. Plain yogurt C. Cranberry juice D. Carrot juice

C- Cranberry juice

A nurse is caring for a patient who has impaired swallowing due to cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to assist the patient with feeding? A. Provide patient with a straw B. Offer the patient thin fluids C. Elevate the head of the bed 45-90* D. Place food in the weaker side of mouth

C- Elevate the head of the bed to 45-90*

What is the concern about serving red jello to patients? A. It could stain the patients gown, if he spilled it. B. It is expensive compared to other colors C. It may be difficult to distinguish it from blood D. There is no concern

C- It may be difficult to distinguish it from blood

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about foods that contain water by weight to a client who has a prescription for increased fluid intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend that contains the most water by weight? A. Carrots B. Milk C. Lettuce D. Honey

C- Lettuce

Which of the following strategies for enhancing the intake of healthful foods is appropriate for an adolescent? A. Encouraging the adolescent to consume snack foods from the grains food group. B. Permitting the adolescent to skip breakfast to enhance appetite at later meals. C. Making healthful food choices more convenient and available for the adolescent. D. Allowing the adolescent complete autonomy in making food choices.

C- Making healthful food choices more convenient and available for the adolescent.

The hospital dinner menu includes broiled pork chop with brown gravy, mashed potatoes, peas, and a green salad with apple pie for dessert. This choice would not be appropriate to serve a(n) ___________ patient. A. American Indian B. African American C. Middle Eastern Muslim D. Hispanic

C- Middle Eastern Muslim May middle eastern Muslims do no eat pork.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about a high-fiber diet to a client who has constipation. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the best choice for a high-fiber diet? A. "One medium apple would be a good snack option." B. "I will select a 1/2 cup of sweet potatoes for my starch." C. " My breakfast choice is 1/2 cup of bran cereal." D. "I should choose 1 oz of almonds when I am hungry midday."

C- My breakfast choice is 1/2 cup of bran cereal.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving a mechanically altered diet. Which of the following food choices necessitates intervention by the nurse? A. Scrambled eggs B. Cottage Cheese C. Piece of wheat toast D. Sliced banana

C- Piece of wheat toast

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure. Patient education related to nutritional therapy for HF should include: A. Reduction of fat and protein B. Increasing calories and fluids C. Reduction of sodium intake D Increasing simple carbohydrates

C- Reduction of sodium intake Sodium intake should be reduced, since sodium encourages the body to "hold on" to water, thus increasing edema and intravascular volume.

A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a child who has celiac disease. The nurse should include which of the following as an acceptable food choice for this child? A. Barley B. Rye C. Rice D. Wheat

C- Rice

Your pt is on a full, liquid diet. What doesn't belong on his tray? A. Ice cream B. Refined cooked cereals C. Scrambled eggs D. Creamed soups

C- Scrambled eggs

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a parent about using an iron fortified formula to feed her newborn. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Iron will facilitate eyesight development. B. Iron will facilitate bone growth. C. The newborn's iron source will start to deplete. D. Newborns do not metabolize iron adequately.

C- The newborns iron source will start to deplete.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching of a client who has received treatment for kidney stones. The nurse should remind the client to increase intake of which of the following? A. Tea B. Sodium C. Water D. Protein

C- Water

A postop pt may advance from clear to full liquid when: A. Bowel sounds return B. After first bowel movement C. When clear liquids are tolerated D. When gag reflex returns

C- When clear liquids are tolerated

A nurse is planning to reinforce teaching with a client about the need to follow a low potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply) A. Butter B. Pears C. Yogurt D. Cabbage E. Orange Juice

C- Yogurt E- Orange Juice

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dysphagia and left-sided weakness following a stroke. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Instruct the client to tilt her head back when she swallows B. Place food on the left side of the clients mouth. C. Add thickener to fluids. D. Serve food at room temperature.

C-Add thickener to fluids

Body's main source of energy

Carbohydrates. Should make up to 60% of the daily caloric intake. Each gram of carbohydrate supplies 4 calories.

The nurse teaches a patient with diabetes to limit saturated fat and sodium intake because: A. All diabetic patients are at risk for obesity. B. These foods contribute to higher glucose levels. C. These nutrients are nonessential. D. Diabetic patients are at risk for cardiovascular disease.

D- Diabetic patients are at risk for cardiovascular disease.

When teaching the parents of a toddler about feeding and eating, the nurse should include which of the following safety measures? A. Do not give the child peanut butter B. Have the child drink 28 to 32 oz of milk daily C. Give the child 8 to 12 oz of fruit juice daily. D. Do not offer the child raw vegetables.

D- Do not offer the child raw vegetables.

A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching with a client who has osteoporosis. Which of the following food selections should the nurse recommend to increase calcium in the clients diet? A. 1 medium apple B. 3 oz of lean beef C. 1 tbsp of cream cheese D. 1 cup of kale

D- 1 cup of kale

A nurse is collecting data about the fluid status of four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as being at risk for fluid volume deficit? A. A client who has NPO status since midnight for an endoscopy B. A client who has heart failure and is receiving diuretic therapy C. A client who has end stage kidney disease who will undergo dialysis D. A client who has gastroenteritis and is receiving oral fluids

D- A client who has gastroenteritis and is receiving oral fluids

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a burn injury and adheres to a strict vegan diet. Which of the following foods choices should the nurse recommend? A. Tuna Salad B. Fresh Fruit C. Vegetables D. Beans

D- Beans

The dietitian recommends an increase of fiber in the diet. Which meal would provide the most fiber? A. Meat loaf, mashed potatoes, and steamed spinach. B. Chicken breast with gravy, rice, and asparagus. C. Milk, instant oatmeal, and orange juice. D. Beans, rice, corn tortillas, and a mixed green salad.

D- Beans, rice, corn tortillas, and a mixed green salad

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about caring for a client who is a member of the Seventh Day Adventist church. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following foods are restricted within this religion? A. Leavened bread B. Eggs C. Milk D. Caffeinated coffee

D- Caffeinated coffee

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of pancreatitis. Which of the following food choices should the client avoid? A. Noodles B. Vegetable Soup C. Baked fish D. Cheddar Cheese

D- Cheddar cheese

The large intestine includes the: A. Duodenum B. Pancreas C. Ureter D. Descending colon

D- Descending colon

A pt is nutritionally at risk. You assess his tray. What is the priority order to eat? A. Coffee, toast, eggs, sausage B. Juice, toast, sausage, eggs C. It doesn't matter the order the pt eats D. Eggs, juice, toast, sausage

D- Eggs, juice, toast, sausage

When liver function is severely impaired, foods containing which food will likely be restricted? A. Protein B. Fruits C. Vitamins D. Fats

D- Fats

During a physical examination of a patient, which might indicate malnutrition? A. Red cheeks B. Absence of gray hair C. Ridged nails D. Pale conjunctiva

D- Pale conjunctiva Pale conjunctiva may indicate anemia, which is one sign of malnutrition.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low sodium diet. The client's family has requested to bring in some of the client's favorite foods. Which of the following food items should the nurse recommend the family members to omit? A. Boiled Rice B. Italian Bread C. Broiled salmon fillet D. Pickled Beets

D- Pickled Beets

A nurse is reinforcing teaching about reliable sources of Vitamin B12 with a client who is pregnant. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend in the teaching? A. Figs B. Broccoli C. Stewed tomatoes D. Skim milk

D- Skim milk

A nurse is caring for a client who is Hindu and adheres strictly to the traditional dietary laws of this religion. The client has no other dietary restrictions. Which of the following foods should the nurse select as a component of the client's meals? A. A cheese omelet B. A hamburger C. A bologna sandwich D. Steamed vegetables

D- Steamed Vegetables

Triglycerides

Fats are made up of fatty acids and glycerol called triglycerides.

Minerals

Inorganic substances contained in animals and plants. Essential for metabolism and cellular function.

3 Essential Fatty Acids Linoleic acid Oleic acid Linolenic acid

Linoleic acid- found in corn oil, safflower oil, and sunflower oil. Oleic acid- found in olive oil and beef. Linolenic acid- found in green leafy vegetables, walnuts, pecans, soybean oil, and soybean products.

Vitamins

Organic compounds essential to proper function of the body.

Catabolism

The process by which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules to make energy available to the organism.

Omega 3 fatty acid

The most unsaturated form of fatty acid. Found in salmon, trout, halibut, sardines, tuna, canoila oil, soybean oil, omega-3 rich chicken eggs, and walnuts.

Periodontal disease may be an indication of the lack of vitamin: A B C D

Vitamin D

Is your dysphagic pt more likely to choke over water or thickened liquids?

Water

Your pt is on a full, liquid diet. He wants to have cream of wheat. Is he allowed to have it? Yes No

Yes