Intro to biology final (Ivy Tech)

List the levels of organization of the body from simple to complex.1. organ system2. organism3. tissue4. organ5. cell 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

5, 3, 4, 1, 2

Which is not a function of blood? defend the body against infection All are functions of blood. regulate body temperature transport substances form clots

All are functions of blood.

How does DNA differ from RNA? DNA is in plants; RNA is found in animals. DNA is used by all living things; RNA is used only in plants. DNA is made from amino acids; RNA is made from nucleotides. DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand. DNA is seen in animals; RNA is seen in all living things.

DNA is comprised of a double-strand; RNA is a single-strand.

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much. True False

False

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? ribosomes plasma membrane smooth ER rough ER Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? mitochondria ribosomes lysosomes Golgi apparatus chloroplasts

Golgi apparatus

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity? Newer technologies allow the fishing fleet to take a larger catch while leaving larger numbers of breeding pairs, which overpopulate and degrade the environment. It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others. It depletes food sources for aquatic mammals, which then overpopulate. It reduces the available habitat for other species. Overfishing allows fished species to overpopulate once the larger individuals are removed from the population, which in turn depletes the species' food sources.

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others.

Muscular dystrophy affects the functioning of skeletal muscle. As this disease advances, it can impair the contraction of the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. What effect will this have on the ability of people with this disease to carry out gas exchange? It will decrease the ability to exhale but the ability to inhale will be unaffected. It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange. It will have no effect on their ability to carry out gas exchange. It will lower the surface area for gas exchange, decreasing gas exchange. It will cause a buildup of mucus in their respiratory tract, decreasing gas exchange.

It will decrease their ability to exchange air into and out of the lungs, decreasing gas exchange.

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem? Producers absorb solar energy. Top-level carnivores eat the herbivores or omnivores within the ecosystem. Producers are eaten by the herbivores. Producers absorb nutrients from the soil. Decomposers break down the organic matter and make it available for the producers.

Producers absorb solar energy.

How does climate change effect Earth's oceans? Excess carbon in the atmosphere is absorbed by the ocean, which directly increases ocean temperature. As levels of carbon in the atmosphere increase, the amount of carbon in the ocean decreases proportionately. The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more basic environment, leading to a decrease in overall productivity. The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

The pH level of the ocean will shift to a more acidic environment, leading to stress and the possible extinction of many species of shellfish and corals.

The best definition of a nutrient is a food component which can be stored in the body for future energy needs. any food taken into the body. an essential vitamin or mineral. a food component which performs a physiological function in the body. a food component which enhances one's health.

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body.

Most skeletal muscles contain ________. a predominance of slow oxidative fibers muscle fibers of the same type a mixture of fiber types a predominance of fast oxidative fibers

a mixture of fiber types

Forests help to regulate the global climate by preventing soil erosion. absorbing carbon dioxide. emitting ozone. absorbing pollutants. releasing oxygen.

absorbing carbon dioxide.

Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except biodiversity has value in and of itself regardless of any practical benefit to humans. biodiversity is desirable for the biosphere and humans. extinction due to human actions are undesirable. all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans. the complex interactions of ecosystems support biodiversity and are desirable.

all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans.

Pollution is defined as the impact of animal and plant species on the environment. the impact of human activity on the environment. an undesirable alteration to the environment. the introduction of a new species into an environment. an alteration in land usage.

an undesirable alteration to the environment.

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at? prophase I metaphase I prophase II anaphase II anaphase I

anaphase I

The main goal of conservation biology is to apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems. prevent the building of large structures like shopping malls and businesses. promote the needs of certain ecosystems that are determined to be in danger. promote the welfare of endangered species. prevent the hunting and fishing of species.

apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems.

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone? soy beans corn cows goats bacteria

bacteria

A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a cell from a fish. cell from a cactus. bacterial cell. cell from a paramecium. cell from a mushroom.

bacterial cell.

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by color, width, and length. banding patterns, size, and shape. length, structure, and color. complexity, radius, and length. shape, size, and complexity.

banding patterns, size, and shape.

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to perform metabolic reactions. divide. transport water into the cytoplasm. allow the passage of H ions into the cell. bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body.

Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity? biological magnification new and better crop plants climate regulation development of novel medicines production of freshwater

biological magnification

Energy needs are supplied by carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. essential amino acids. micronutrients. fiber. antioxidants.

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is middle lamella. extracellular matrix. cellulose. cytoskeleton. plasmodesmata.

cellulose.

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of cellulose. chitin. lipid. glycogen. cholesterol.

cellulose.

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system? support storage of minerals communication production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)

communication

The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the ability to dissolve in water. concentration of H present in a solution. concentration of OH present in a solution. total amount of all ions in a solution. ability of a solution to buffer.

concentration of H present in a solution.

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another. resemble the cytoskeleton of animal cells. are the sites of starch production. take the place of the plasma membrane that would be found in animals. function in photosynthesis.

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture? biological pest control construction of dams for irrigation needs contour with no-till farming reducing pesticide and fertilizer usage polyculture

contour with no-till farming

Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable? hydrogen covalent all bonds are equally stable in a living system ionic polar

covalent

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA. a nucleus and a cell membrane. cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and a nucleus. a cell membrane and cytoplasm. DNA and a cell membrane.

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA.

Which of the following would have the greatest influence in creating a more sustainable urban society? exploring alternative energy sources that are more environmentally favorable (i.e., solar, hydropower, etc.) increasing fuel efficiency in our vehicles so we can decrease the consumption of fossil fuels decreasing the amount of environmental pollution produced by industry decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.) improving the efficiency of water filtration systems in order to decrease our consumption of freshwater

decreasing the amount of land that is altered in order to accommodate human desires (new homes, factories, agriculture, etc.)

When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? only during the G phase only during interphase Chromosomes are always visible. only when they are being copied during mitosis

during mitosis

At what age do bones reach their peak density? late adulthood early adulthood at birth early childhood

early adulthood

An atom with a neutral charge has more neutrons making it more neutral. more protons than it does electrons. the same number of protons and neutrons. equal numbers of protons and electrons. equal numbers of neutrons and electrons.

equal numbers of protons and electrons.

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain essential cholesterol. necessary trans fats. needed minerals such as potassium and magnesium. needed vitamins such as vitamin C. essential amino acids.

essential amino acids.

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________. blood forming cells Sharpey's fibers fat elastic tissue

fat

Without tight junctions in certain tissues, nutrients would not be able to be passed from cell to cell. cells would not be able to communicate with each other. the tissues would not be able to expand and stretch without damage. fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. cells would not be able to migrate during their development.

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change? salinization and desertification fossil fuel and hydropower usage overfishing and hydropower usage fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture erosion, deforestation, pollution, and salinization

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

Which of the following is not a renewable resource? wild game food crops water fossil fuels solar energy

fossil fuels

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? glucose - lysosome mRNA - nucleus and cytoplasm proteins - ribosome DNA - nucleus rRNA - cytoplasm

glucose - lysosome

A stack of thylakoids inside a chloroplast are known as what? thylakoid space. cristae. granum. stroma. chloroplast.

granum.

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide? greater surface area for ATP production increased surface area for photosynthesis greater ability to allow for osmosis increased space for protein synthesis greater ability to remove waste from the cell cytosol

greater surface area for ATP production

Some insects can stride on the surface of water because water has lower density when frozen. is a good solvent. has surface tension. resists temperature changes. has a high specific heat.

has surface tension.

In aquatic ecosystems, primary productivity is most dependent on organic nutrients. species richness and diversity. the type of soil. the rate of photosynthesis. inorganic nutrients.

inorganic nutrients.

While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be? anaphase prophase cytokinesis metaphase interphase

interphase

An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n) isotope. element. molecule. ion. proton.

ion.

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for bathing by humans. drinking water by humans. boating and recreation. drinking water for livestock. irrigating crops.

irrigating crops.

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. has no method of movement. does not require energy. is not living. is larger.

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because the trees naturally trap heat near the Earth's surface, and the loss of trees allows this heat to escape into space through the atmosphere. the forest canopy reflects some solar radiation back into space, allowing more of it to penetrate to the Earth's surface. it leads to habitat loss for many forest species, which invade nearby marginal habitats, including those used by humans. loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. it leads to salinization of the land.

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases? methane and carbon dioxide nitrogen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and oxygen oxygen and nitrogen oxygen and methane

methane and carbon dioxide

What organelle is used during the process of cellular respiration? chloroplast cytoplasm cell membrane ribosomes mitochondria

mitochondria

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work? vacuole chloroplast mitochondria Golgi apparatus nucleus

mitochondria

Movement of body parts directly requires the nervous system and endocrine system. endocrine system and nervous system. skeletal system and digestive system. muscular system and skeletal system. muscular system and cardiovascular system.

muscular system and skeletal system.

Isotopes of an element differ in their electron number. neutron number. atomic number. proton number. type of bonds.

neutron number.

The failure of sister chromatids to separate during meiosis is called tetrad formation. nondisjunction. crossing-over. disjunction. synapsis.

nondisjunction.

Fermentation occurs if oxygen is not present. excess ATP is present. carbon dioxide is not present. carbon dioxide is present. glucose is not present.

oxygen is not present.

Cellular respiration is the opposite of what other cellular process? fermentation dehydration synthesis photosynthesis hydrolysis cell division

photosynthesis

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? nucleus lysosome plasma membrane ribosome vacuole

plasma membrane

Which feature is found in all cells? nucleus containing DNA plasma membrane composed of phospholipids cell wall composed of cellulose nucleoid region that contains DNA flagella

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA. RNA; glucose monomers fats; sugars protein; nucleotides polysaccharides; carboxyl fatty acid; hydroxides

protein; nucleotides

Multipurpose trees are useful for what purpose? restoring wetlands and improving soil quality providing additional products, as well as serving as a windbreak providing fossil fuel sources and assisting with irrigation improved pest control, as well as serving as a windbreak water conservation and improved pest control

providing additional products, as well as serving as a windbreak

The addition of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms to a substrate is called what? reduction phosphorylation an enzyme-substrate complex metabolism oxidation

reduction

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are sources of environmental pollution. nonrenewable energy sources. dependent in part on fossil fuels. commonly used worldwide as power sources. renewable energy sources.

renewable energy sources.

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? nucleus chloroplast mitochondrion lysosomes ribosomes

ribosomes

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane Golgi apparatus - ribosome - plasma membrane smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane - Golgi apparatus - ribosome nucleus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus - smooth endoplasmic reticulum - plasma membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________. extensibility secretion contractility excitability

secretion

Which of the following minerals is typically overconsumed by Americans? sodium iron potassium cholesterol calcium

sodium

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function. the size of the nucleus surface-area-to-volume ratio the ability to photosynthesize the number of microvilli cilia movement

surface-area-to-volume ratio

Nutrients that are deemed to be "essential" are those which cannot be found within food sources. are needed in very low quantities. the body is not able to produce. the body is able to produce so no food source is needed. make up a large proportion of the body.

the body is not able to produce.

DNA replication is called semiconservative because the sequence of nucleotides in one strand is conserved, whereas the new DNA molecule consists of a unique sequence of nucleotides. one of the two resulting DNA molecules is new. the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule. both of the resulting DNA molecules are composed of new strands of nucleotides. no extra nucleotides are incorporated into the replicated DNA molecules.

the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule.

Which bone would likely take the longest to heal? thigh bone of an elderly individual finger bone of a young individual finger bone of an elderly individual thigh bone of a young individual

thigh bone of an elderly individual

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity? marsh tropical rainforest prairie tundra temperate rainforest

tropical rainforest

Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________. carbon dioxide; respiratory system feces; digestive system urine; urinary system carbon dioxide; urinary system urine; digestive system

urine; urinary system

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion? deforestation use of drip irrigation systems wetland destruction poor landscaping practices that expose the land to excess wind overgrazing by livestock

use of drip irrigation systems