Intro to business CH 6

How are managers designated as leaders?

b/c of organizational structure ( may need to use negative consequences to achieve change)

Management is the process of guiding the development, maintenance, and allocation of objectives.

True

How does planning begin in management?

by anticipating potential problems or opportunities the organization may encounter and managers design strategies to solve current and prevent future problems, take advantage of opportunities

How does the controlling function help organizations accomplish goals?

by assessing the organization's progress toward accomplishing its goals. It includes monitoring the implementation of a plan and correcting deviations from that plan.

Once alternative courses of actions are identified, what does the contingency plan stipulate?

chain of command, standard operating procedures, and communication channels the organization will use during an emergency.

What do supervisors spend most of their time doing?

guiding and motivating the employees who actually produce the goods and services.

Feedback, why is it essential?

helps managers detect problems before they get out of hand

Alysha Johnson is a manager who communicates effectively, successfully motivates and leads her workers, and allows them leeway in making decisions. Copeland is said to have good:

human relations skills

Three basic categories of managerial roles.

informational roles, interpersonal roles, and decisional roles

What are human relation skills and why are they important? Who are they most important to?

interpersonal skills managers use to accomplish goals through the use of human resources This set of skills includes the ability to understand human behavior, to communicate effectively with others, and to motivate individuals to accomplish their objectives they are important for all levels of management

What kind of impact does it have on employees? How does that affect company success?

it can encourage employees to stay and feel supported, it impacts their morale. Promotes inclusivity

Once the performance is measured what is it measured against?

it is measured against desired performance standards to see if a gap exists between the desired level of performance and the actual level of performance.

Who are managers?

people in the organization responsible for developing and carrying out management process

Manila Water, the provider of the water and sewerage services in the capital of the Philippines has purchased the government owned water and sewerage system for the entire country. It promises to make the nation's water and sewerage system run as efficiently and profitably as the one it operates in Manila. The development, maintenance, and allocation of resources to achieve its goal will require:

planning

organizing

process of coordinating and allocating a firm's resources in order to carry out its plans

leadership

process of guiding and motivating others toward the achievement of organizational goals

What does an organization do if there is a gap?

reason for it must be determined and corrective action taken

Can anyone be a leader?

anyone in an organization, regardless of position, able to influence others to act or follow, often by their own choice.

How many functions are there in the managerial process?

(1) anticipating potential problems or opportunities and designing plans to deal with them, (2) coordinating and allocating the resources needed to implement plans, (3) guiding personnel through the implementation process (4) reviewing results and making any necessary changes.

What type of people comprise the top-level of management?

CEO, president, and vice president

Which skill allows managers to evaluate situations and develop alternative courses of action? Which level of management would use this skill the most?

Conceptual skills. most important to top management

What is the best way for managers to plan for crises?

Contingency plans

What issues does tactical planning address?

Coordinating and allocating resources to different parts of the organization.

Strategic planning is long-range, formulated by top management, and made as if the company operated in a vacuum

False

Why is it important for managers to have a wide variety of skills?

In order to be successful in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling

Why is it important for organizations to anticipate future situations and events?

It can make or break a company

Do managers only use one source of power or a combination of sources?

a combination of powers to influence

Role

a set of behavioral expectations, or a set of activities that a person is expected to perform

skill

ability to do something proficiently

effectiveness

ability to produce a desired result

What does the contingency plan identify?

alternative courses of action for very unusual or crisis situations

How does operational planning relate to tactical planning?

are designed to help guide and control the implementation of tactical plans

How do managers maximize the flow of information and the efficiency of work processes?

arranging the structural elements of the firm: Dividing up tasks (division of labor), Grouping jobs and employees (departmentalization), Assigning authority and responsibilities (delegation)

How does tactical planning relate to strategic planning

begins the implementation of strategic plans.they have a shorter time frame than strategic plans and more specific objectives designed to support the broader strategic goals.

How is performance measured?

behavioral objective that can be achieved in a specified time frame

When are programmed decisions made?

in response to routine situations that occur frequently in a variety of settings throughout an organization

Kent Huston is a middle manager at a management consulting company. He has the ability to negotiate, impress the right people, and make the right connections. Huston has _____ skills.

human relations

Are the functions interdependent or do they operate independently?

interdependent

Which role may a manager need to act like a figurehead, company leader or liaison?

interpersonal roles

Decisional role responsibilities.

manager may have to think like an entrepreneur, make decisions about resource allocation, help resolve conflicts, or negotiate compromises.

What does a manager do in the informational role?

may act as an information gatherer, an information distributor, or a spokesperson for the company

Tactical plans are designed and carried out by which level of management?

middle management: division heads, dept managers, regional sales managers

What must a manager be able to do?

set, share, and gain support for the company's direction and strategy—mission, vision, and values

Which stage is based on strategic, tactical, and operational plans?

stage one: setting performance standards and goals

Why is an organization's mission important to strategic planning?

states the purpose of the organization and its reason for existing.

Planning types

strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency

Pele Arnaz is a plant foreman for a generator manufacturer. He spends his day carrying out operational plans for the ongoing daily activities of the plant. Arnaz is a _____ manager.

supervisory

Which level of management is responsible for carrying out operational plans?

supervisory managament

Why is the tactical planning time frame shorter than strategic planning?

there are more specific objectives

Why are short term plans considered more operational in nature?

they support long term plans. organizations tailor their plans to meet the requirements of future situations or events

Which level is responsible for strategic plans

top level managers

efficiency

using the least possible amount of resources to get work done

Five steps a manager follows in making either programmed or nonprogrammed decisions.

1. Recognize or define the problem or opportunity. 2. Gather information so as to identify alternative solutions or actions. 3. Select one or more alternatives after evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of each possibility. 4. Put the chosen alternative into action. 5. Gather information to obtain feedback on the effectiveness of the chosen plan.

Five stages of controlling

1. set performance standards and goals 2. measure performance 3. compare actual performance to established performance standards 4. take corrective actions 5. use info gained from process to set up future performance standards

What type of leader prefers to make decisions and solve problems on their own?

Autocratic leaders

The CEO of Whole Foods Markets is John Mackey. It has a set of quirky management rules that makes Whole Foods an odd but effective workplace. Every store is divided into about eight functional teams: An employee is hired provisionally to a store team. After four weeks of work, the team votes whether to hire him or her; a two-thirds yes vote is necessary to join the staff permanently. Which leadership style appears to be used by Whole Foods?

Democratic (participative)

How do the types of leadership differ?

Democratic leaders solicit input from all members of the group and then allow the group members to make the final decision through a voting process. Consensual leaders encourage discussion about issues and then require that all parties involved agree to the final decision. Consultative leaders confer with subordinates before making a decision but retain the final decision-making authority.

Three types of participative leadership.

Democratic, consensual, and consultative

How does an organization decide which leadership style is appropriate?

Effective leaders recognize employee growth and use situational leadership, selecting a leadership style that matches the maturity and competency levels of those completing the tasks.

Participative and free-reign use a technique called_____

Empowerment

What is the primary purpose of a strategic plan?

Establish mission and long-term goals

Decision making means what? How does decision making occur?

Means choosing among alternatives Decision-making occurs in response to the identification of a problem or an opportunity

Why are operational plans used in specific functional areas of the organization?

Operational objectives are current, narrow, and resource focused

What is this ability to influence others behavior called?

Power

Two categories of decision making.

Programmed and nonprogrammed decisions

The 3 Parts of a Company Mission Statement

Purpose, Values, Actions

What type of environment does free-rein or laissez-faire work best?

Research laboratories

Which skill is very important for supervisory management? Examples of technical skills.

Technical skills ex: Preparing a financial statement, programming a computer, designing an office building, and analyzing market research

How does corporate culture distinguish one organization from another?

The set of attitudes, values, and standards of behavior

A warehouse manager who is placing a reorder for maintenance supplies for delivery vehicles would be making a programmed decision.

True

Control is the mechanism for making sure the other three managerial functions--planning, organizing, and leadership--are operating smoothly.

True

The ability to view an organization as a whole, to understand how the various parts fit together, and how it relates to other organizations is a(n) _____ skill.

conceptual

Three basic managerial skill categories.

conceptual, human and technical skills

A clothing wholesaler that buys most of its inventory from manufacturers in the Caribbean should have a _____ plan in the event a hurricane demolishes the manufacturing facility of one of its principal suppliers

contingency

operational planning

creates specific standards, methods, policies, and procedures that are used in specific functional areas of the organization.

What do managers guide in order to attain organizational goals?

development, maintenance, and allocation of resources

Is management considered dynamic or static?

dynamic by nature, evolves to meet needs & constraints in organization's internal and external environments

What factors must top-level management take into consideration?

economic, technological, and social issues is critical to successful strategic planning

Which leadership style means "leave me alone"?

free-rein or laissez-faire leadership

What is empowerment? Why is it beneficial?

giving employees increased autonomy and discretion to make their own decisions, and control over the resources needed to implement those decisions employees feel a greater sense of ownership in, and responsibility for, organizational outcomes. people at all levels in the organization possess unique knowledge, skills, and abilities that can be of great value to the company

Is it possible for managers to have contingency plans for every crisis? Why or why not? *think the current pandemic when answering

no, but how a manager handles the situation could mean the difference between disaster, survival, and even financial gain.

Infrequent, unforeseen, or very unusual problems and opportunities require what type of decision?

nonprogrammed

Dean Jager is the supervisor of the volunteer staff at the Booth Western Art Museum. He makes the work assignments, determines work schedules, and makes sure the museum uses all its volunteer staff efficiently. Jager is involved in _____ planning.

operational

How does corporate culture evolve?

over time and is based on the accumulated history of the organization, including the vision of the founders. It is also influenced by the dominant leadership style within the organization

Five primary sources (bases) of power.

-legitimate: derived from an individual's position in an organization -reward: derived from an individual's control over rewards -referent: derived from an individual's personal charisma and the respect and/or admiration the individual inspires -coercive: derived from an individual's ability to threaten negative outcomes -expert: derived from an individual's extensive knowledge in one or more areas

What kind of planning is needed for very broad and long term situations?

strategic