Intro To Criminal Justice Chap 1 Quiz

Which of the following goals has researcher Megan Kurlychek identified as specific to "maintaining justice" in our criminal justice system? select all that apply.

- Rehabilitating those offenders who have been punished so that it is safe to return them to the community. - Protecting society from potential future crimes of the most dangerous or risky offenders. - Supporting crime victims and, to the extent possible, returning them to their precrime status. - Determining when an offense has been committed and providing the appropriate punishment for that offense.

Community-based corrections have increased in popularity as jails and prison's have been plagued with problems of funding and overcrowding. Which of the following are examples of community-based corrections? Select all that apply.

- Residential centers. - Work-release centers. - Halfway houses.

Which of the following are models of how society "decides" which acts are criminal? Select all that apply.

- The Conflict Model - The Consensus Model

What is Crime?

A crime is a wrong against society that is proclaimed by law and that, if committed under specific circumstances, is punishable by the criminal justice system.

Under federal law, marijuana is still illegal, and the Drug Enforcement Administration has it listed as a Schedule 1 Drug - in the same class as heroin. Why?

Because of its "high potential for abuse"

When a group of people reject the consensus model and create laws based on what the most politically powerful segments of society imposes on the rest of the community, this is known as which model?

Conflict

If the sale of heroin in a pharmacy was legal a century ago, but is now illegal because society's attitude has shifted this would be an example of which model?

Consensus

When a diverse group of people share similar morals, and share an ideal of what is "right" and "wrong," this is an example of which model?

Consensus

Which model rests on the assumption that as people gather to form a society, its members will naturally share similar norms and values?

Consensus

Acts that we as a society agree are so unacceptable that steps must be taken to prevent them from occurring are called what?

Criminal acts

The subjective concept that refers to activity that may not necessarily be outside of the law, but does not conform to the norms given community or society is called what?

Deviant behavior

The authority of a court to choose between and among alternative course of action, based on individual judgement and conscience rather than on formal rules is known as what?

Discretion

What are the two subjective concepts that American society deems to be the purposes of the criminal justice system?

Justice and fairness

Which branch(es) of the government determine which deviant acts become criminal acts after society as a whole determines that those acts should be punished?

Legislatures

Laws may change over time as a result of a group's changing perceptions of right and wrong. Which of the following are reasons for such a change? Select all that apply?

- A group's changing morals - The consensus model

Which of the following are part of the interlocking network designed to enforce laws and protect society from criminal behavior? select all that apply.

- Corrections institutions. - Courts. - Law enforcement agencies.

If the discharging of fireworks is a violation of the law, and a police officer decides to have two individuals clean up a parking lot where they had been setting off fireworks, which of the following creates the basis for the officer to do this? Select all that apply.

- Ethical consideration. - Discretion

Which of the following are the principles that govern a person's perception of right and wrong? Select all that apply.

- Ethics. - Morals.

Which of the following make up the levels of law enforcement? Select all that apply.

- Federal - Local - State

Which of the following are among the essential elements of the corrections systems? Select all that apply.

- Incarceration. - Parole. - Probation.

According to the integrated definition of crime, a crime is an action or activity that is: select all that apply.

- Punishable by sanctions based on laws that bring about the loss of personal freedom or life. - Punishable under criminal law, as determined by the majority or, in some instances, by a powerful minority. - Considered an offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials, not by victims and their relatives or friends.

A Defendant who is charged with a federal crime would face trial in which court?

Federal

The United States has a dual court system (two independent judicial systems). What are these two systems?

Federal and State

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); the U.S. Secret Service; and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) are examples of:

Federal law enforcement

What is the term given to a form of government in which powers are shared by the national government and the states?

Federalism