Intro to Lang Chapter 5

blending

combining the beginning of one word and the end of another word to form a new word (e.g. brunch from breakfast and lunch)

compounding

combining two or more words to form a new word (e.g. waterbed)

two words that illustrate hypocorism

comfy, toastie

affix

A bound morpheme attached before (prefix), after (suffix), in (infix), around (circumfix), or above (suprafix) a root or base word to modify its meaning or linguistic function (e.g. undressed)

clipping

A new word created by shortening an existing one, e.g. phone or ad from advertisement

acronym

A new word formed by the first letters of other words (e.g. NASA)

infix

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem (e.g. sr in srnal) cupful, spoonful, and passerby can be pluralized as cupsful, spoonsful, and passersby, using "s" as an infix.

prefix

a bound morpheme added to the beginning of the world (e.g. unhappy)

suffix

a bound morpheme added to the end of the word (e.g. fainted, illness)

hypocorism

a longer word is reduced to a shorter word with a "y" or "ie" at the end (e.g. telly, movie)

neologism

a new word

analogy

a process of forming a new word to be similar in some way to an existing word (example?)

calque

a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language (e.g. gratte-ciel = scrape sky for skyscraper)

loan translation

a type of borrowing in which each element of a word is translated into the borrowing language, also called calque

eponym

a word derived from the name of a person or place (e.g. sandwich)

converging

changing the function of a word, such as a noun to a verb, as a way of forming new words, also known as "category change" or "functional shift". (e.g. vacation in "they're vacationing in Florida")

Which process is illustrated by the underlined word in The cost of the project has snowballed?

conversion

derivation

forming new words by adding affixes

Which derivational element did the writer Roald Dahl use when he created the word scrumdidlyumptious (= "very delicious")?

infix

Choose the two words with the fewest affixes.

maximum, permanent

borrowing

taking words from other languages

2 examples of blending

telethon, velcro

coinage

the invention of new words (e.g. xerox)

backformation

the process of reducing a word such as a noun to a shorter version and using it as a new word such as a verb (e.g. babysit from babysitter)

etymology

the study of the origin and history of words